See 김 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 김 meaning in Korean (7.6kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "laver"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "anchor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "김",
"2": "laver"
},
"expansion": "김 (gim, “laver”)",
"name": "ko-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested in the nineteenth century. Perhaps ultimately related to the \"weed\" sense below, but this is speculative.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gim",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "김 • (gim)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "74 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with dialectal pitch accent marked",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "kimbap",
"roman": "gimbap",
"word": "김밥"
}
],
"glosses": [
"laver (nori, a type of edible seaweed in the genus Porphyra)"
],
"id": "en-김-ko-noun-ZRsSN0b6",
"links": [
[
"laver",
"laver"
],
[
"nori",
"nori#English"
],
[
"Porphyra",
"Porphyra#Translingual"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "kelp",
"roman": "dasima",
"word": "다시마"
},
{
"english": "sea mustard",
"roman": "miyeok",
"word": "미역"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"alt": "海苔",
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "해태"
},
{
"alt": "海衣",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "해의"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ki(ː)m]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"other": "[김(ː)]"
}
],
"word": "김"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "steam"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "anchor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ws",
"2": "김〯",
"3": "kǐm"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 김〯 (Yale: kǐm).",
"name": "ko-etym-native"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 김〯 (Yale: kǐm).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gim",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "김 • (gim)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"steam; vapor"
],
"id": "en-김-ko-noun-9ypS-hdN",
"links": [
[
"steam",
"steam"
],
[
"vapor",
"vapor"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"alt": "蒸氣",
"english": "[[vapour]]",
"word": "증기"
},
{
"alt": "水蒸氣",
"english": "[[steam]]",
"word": "수증기"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ki(ː)m]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"other": "[김(ː)]"
}
],
"word": "김"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "weed"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "anchor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ws",
"2": "기ᅀᅳᆷ〮",
"3": "kìzúm",
"dot": ","
},
"expansion": "First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 기ᅀᅳᆷ〮 (Yale: kìzúm),",
"name": "ko-etym-native"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okm",
"2": "기ᇫ",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "기ᇫ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "기ᇫ",
"2": "kìz-",
"3": "to be lush, to be verdant (of plant growth)"
},
"expansion": "기ᇫ (Yale: kìz-, “to be lush, to be verdant (of plant growth)”)",
"name": "okm-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okm",
"2": "-음〮",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "음〮",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-음〮",
"2": "-úm",
"5": "substantive-deriving suffix"
},
"expansion": "음〮 (Yale: -úm, substantive-deriving suffix)",
"name": "okm-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 기ᅀᅳᆷ〮 (Yale: kìzúm), originally equivalent to 기ᇫ (Yale: kìz-, “to be lush, to be verdant (of plant growth)”) + 음〮 (Yale: -úm, substantive-deriving suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gim",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "김 • (gim)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 24 6 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 9 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with long vowels in the first syllable",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 26 5 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 25 7 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 7 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Native Korean words",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Korean links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "gimmaeda",
"word": "김매다"
}
],
"glosses": [
"weed in fields or rice paddies, which must be uprooted"
],
"id": "en-김-ko-noun-6fpe4GLq",
"links": [
[
"weed",
"weed"
],
[
"field",
"field"
],
[
"rice",
"rice"
],
[
"paddies",
"paddies"
],
[
"uprooted",
"uprooted"
]
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "jap'pul",
"word": "잡(雜)풀"
},
{
"roman": "japcho",
"word": "잡초(雜草)"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ki(ː)m]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"other": "[김(ː)]"
}
],
"word": "김"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Kim",
"3": "Gim"
},
"expansion": "English: Kim, Gim",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: Kim, Gim"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "Кім"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: Кім (Kim)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: Кім (Kim)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "surname"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "anchor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Sino-Korean"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Korean",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "金",
"gloss": "gold; metal"
},
"expansion": "金 (“gold; metal”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "金",
"2": "gold; metal"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Korean word from 金 (“gold; metal”)",
"name": "ko-etym-Sino"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "금",
"2": "金"
},
"expansion": "금 (金, geum)",
"name": "ko-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "cmn-ear",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Early Mandarin",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "金"
},
"expansion": "金 (EM *kim)",
"name": "cmn-ear-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Sino-Korean word from 金 (“gold; metal”). This reading is found only in the surname and certain place names. Orthodox Sino-Korean is 금 (金, geum).\nMost likely a borrowing from Early Mandarin 金 (EM *kim) during Mongol rule in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Gim",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "金",
"tags": [
"hanja"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hanja": "金"
},
"expansion": "김 • (Gim) (hanja 金)",
"name": "ko-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "36 21 17 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sino-Korean words",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "김연아 (金姸兒) ― Gim Yeon-a ― Yuna Kim",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "김정은 (金正恩) ― Gim Jeong-eun ― Kim Jong-un",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "김대중 (金大中) ― Gim Daejung ― Kim Dae-jung",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a surname, Kim (most common surname in Korea)"
],
"id": "en-김-ko-name-eR5v4Up8",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
],
[
"Kim",
"Kim"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kim]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"other": "[김]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Goryeo under Mongol rule"
],
"word": "김"
}
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean proper nouns",
"Korean terms derived from Early Mandarin",
"Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Korean terms with dialectal pitch accent marked",
"Korean terms with long vowels in the first syllable",
"Korean terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
"Sino-Korean words"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "kimbap",
"roman": "gimbap",
"word": "김밥"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "laver"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "anchor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "김",
"2": "laver"
},
"expansion": "김 (gim, “laver”)",
"name": "ko-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested in the nineteenth century. Perhaps ultimately related to the \"weed\" sense below, but this is speculative.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gim",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "김 • (gim)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "kelp",
"roman": "dasima",
"word": "다시마"
},
{
"english": "sea mustard",
"roman": "miyeok",
"word": "미역"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"laver (nori, a type of edible seaweed in the genus Porphyra)"
],
"links": [
[
"laver",
"laver"
],
[
"nori",
"nori#English"
],
[
"Porphyra",
"Porphyra#Translingual"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"alt": "海苔",
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "해태"
},
{
"alt": "海衣",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "해의"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ki(ː)m]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"other": "[김(ː)]"
}
],
"word": "김"
}
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean proper nouns",
"Korean terms derived from Early Mandarin",
"Korean terms derived from Middle Korean",
"Korean terms inherited from Middle Korean",
"Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Korean terms with dialectal pitch accent marked",
"Korean terms with long vowels in the first syllable",
"Korean terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
"Native Korean words",
"Sino-Korean words"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "steam"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "anchor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ws",
"2": "김〯",
"3": "kǐm"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 김〯 (Yale: kǐm).",
"name": "ko-etym-native"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 김〯 (Yale: kǐm).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gim",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "김 • (gim)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"steam; vapor"
],
"links": [
[
"steam",
"steam"
],
[
"vapor",
"vapor"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"alt": "蒸氣",
"english": "[[vapour]]",
"word": "증기"
},
{
"alt": "水蒸氣",
"english": "[[steam]]",
"word": "수증기"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ki(ː)m]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"other": "[김(ː)]"
}
],
"word": "김"
}
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean proper nouns",
"Korean terms derived from Early Mandarin",
"Korean terms derived from Middle Korean",
"Korean terms inherited from Middle Korean",
"Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Korean terms with long vowels in the first syllable",
"Korean terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
"Middle Korean links with redundant wikilinks",
"Native Korean words",
"Sino-Korean words"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "gimmaeda",
"word": "김매다"
}
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "weed"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "anchor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ws",
"2": "기ᅀᅳᆷ〮",
"3": "kìzúm",
"dot": ","
},
"expansion": "First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 기ᅀᅳᆷ〮 (Yale: kìzúm),",
"name": "ko-etym-native"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okm",
"2": "기ᇫ",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "기ᇫ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "기ᇫ",
"2": "kìz-",
"3": "to be lush, to be verdant (of plant growth)"
},
"expansion": "기ᇫ (Yale: kìz-, “to be lush, to be verdant (of plant growth)”)",
"name": "okm-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okm",
"2": "-음〮",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "음〮",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-음〮",
"2": "-úm",
"5": "substantive-deriving suffix"
},
"expansion": "음〮 (Yale: -úm, substantive-deriving suffix)",
"name": "okm-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 기ᅀᅳᆷ〮 (Yale: kìzúm), originally equivalent to 기ᇫ (Yale: kìz-, “to be lush, to be verdant (of plant growth)”) + 음〮 (Yale: -úm, substantive-deriving suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gim",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "김 • (gim)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "jap'pul",
"word": "잡(雜)풀"
},
{
"roman": "japcho",
"word": "잡초(雜草)"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"weed in fields or rice paddies, which must be uprooted"
],
"links": [
[
"weed",
"weed"
],
[
"field",
"field"
],
[
"rice",
"rice"
],
[
"paddies",
"paddies"
],
[
"uprooted",
"uprooted"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ki(ː)m]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"other": "[김(ː)]"
}
],
"word": "김"
}
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean proper nouns",
"Korean terms derived from Early Mandarin",
"Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Korean terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Sino-Korean words"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Kim",
"3": "Gim"
},
"expansion": "English: Kim, Gim",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: Kim, Gim"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "Кім"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: Кім (Kim)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: Кім (Kim)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "surname"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "anchor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Sino-Korean"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Korean",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "金",
"gloss": "gold; metal"
},
"expansion": "金 (“gold; metal”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "金",
"2": "gold; metal"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Korean word from 金 (“gold; metal”)",
"name": "ko-etym-Sino"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "금",
"2": "金"
},
"expansion": "금 (金, geum)",
"name": "ko-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "cmn-ear",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Early Mandarin",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "金"
},
"expansion": "金 (EM *kim)",
"name": "cmn-ear-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Sino-Korean word from 金 (“gold; metal”). This reading is found only in the surname and certain place names. Orthodox Sino-Korean is 금 (金, geum).\nMost likely a borrowing from Early Mandarin 金 (EM *kim) during Mongol rule in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Gim",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "金",
"tags": [
"hanja"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hanja": "金"
},
"expansion": "김 • (Gim) (hanja 金)",
"name": "ko-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean surnames",
"Korean terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "김연아 (金姸兒) ― Gim Yeon-a ― Yuna Kim",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "김정은 (金正恩) ― Gim Jeong-eun ― Kim Jong-un",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "김대중 (金大中) ― Gim Daejung ― Kim Dae-jung",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a surname, Kim (most common surname in Korea)"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
],
[
"Kim",
"Kim"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kim]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"other": "[김]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Goryeo under Mongol rule"
],
"word": "김"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Korean dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.