"고되다" meaning in Korean

See 고되다 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: [ko̞dwe̞da̠] [SK-Standard, Seoul], [ko̞dø̞da̠] [SK-Standard, Seoul]
Etymology: 고(苦) (go) + -되다 (-doeda, “to become”, light verb deriving adjectives). Etymology templates: {{af|ko|고(苦)|-되다|pos2=light verb deriving adjectives|t2=to become}} 고(苦) (go) + -되다 (-doeda, “to become”, light verb deriving adjectives) Head templates: {{ko-adj}} 고되다 • (godoeda) (infinitive 고돼 or 고되어, sequential 고되니) Forms: godoeda [romanization], 고돼 [infinitive], 고되어 [infinitive], 고되니 [sequential], no-table-tags [table-tags], 고되다 [formal, indicative, non-past], 고돼 [indicative, informal, non-past], 고돼요 [indicative, informal, non-past, polite], 고되어요 [indicative, informal, non-past, polite], 고됩니다 [formal, indicative, non-past, polite], 고됐다 [formal, indicative, past], 고됐어 [indicative, informal, past], 고됐어요 [indicative, informal, past, polite], 고됐습니다 [formal, indicative, past, polite], 고되냐 [formal, interrogative, non-past], 고돼 [informal, interrogative, non-past], 고돼요 [informal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 고되어요 [informal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 고됩니까 [formal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 고됐냐 [formal, interrogative, past], 고됐어 [informal, interrogative, past], 고됐어요 [informal, interrogative, past, polite], 고됐습니까 [formal, interrogative, past, polite], 고되겠다 [assertive, formal], 고되겠어 [assertive, informal], 고되겠어요 [assertive, informal, polite], 고되겠습니다 [assertive, formal, polite], 고돼 [causative, formal], 고돼서 [causative, informal], 고되어서 [causative, informal], 고되니 [causative, informal, polite], 고되니까 [causative, formal, polite], 고되지만 [contrastive, formal], 고된데 [contrastive, informal], 고되더니 [contrastive, informal, polite], 고되고 [conjunctive, formal], 고되면 [conditional, formal], 고돼야 [conditional, informal], 고되어야 [conditional, informal], 고됨 [formal, noun-from-verb], 고되기 [informal, noun-from-verb], 고됐음 [formal, noun-from-verb, past], 고되었음 [formal, noun-from-verb, past], 고됐기 [informal, noun-from-verb, past], 고되었기 [informal, noun-from-verb, past], 고된 [determiner, informal, present], 고될 [determiner, future, informal], no-table-tags [table-tags], 고되시다 [formal, indicative, non-past], 고되셔 [indicative, informal, non-past], 고되세요 [indicative, informal, non-past, polite], 고되셔요 [indicative, informal, non-past, polite], 고되십니다 [formal, indicative, non-past, polite], 고되셨다 [formal, indicative, past], 고되셨어 [indicative, informal, past], 고되셨어요 [indicative, informal, past, polite], 고되셨습니다 [formal, indicative, past, polite], 고되시냐 [formal, interrogative, non-past], 고되셔 [informal, interrogative, non-past], 고되세요 [informal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 고되셔요 [informal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 고되십니까 [formal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 고되셨냐 [formal, interrogative, past], 고되셨어 [informal, interrogative, past], 고되셨어요 [informal, interrogative, past, polite], 고되셨습니까 [formal, interrogative, past, polite], 고되시겠다 [assertive, formal], 고되시겠어 [assertive, informal], 고되시겠어요 [assertive, informal, polite], 고되시겠습니다 [assertive, formal, polite], 고되셔 [causative, formal], 고되셔서 [causative, informal], 고되시니 [causative, informal, polite], 고되시니까 [causative, formal, polite], 고되시지만 [contrastive, formal], 고되신데 [contrastive, informal], 고되시더니 [contrastive, informal, polite], 고되시고 [conjunctive, formal], 고되시면 [conditional, formal], 고되셔야 [conditional, informal], 고되심 [formal, noun-from-verb], 고되시기 [informal, noun-from-verb], 고되셨음 [formal, noun-from-verb, past], 고되셨기 [informal, noun-from-verb, past], 고되신 [determiner, informal, present], 고되실 [determiner, future, informal]
  1. to be hard, to be tough, to be arduous
    Sense id: en-고되다-ko-adj-5UgyUhEc Categories (other): Korean entries with incorrect language header, Korean terms suffixed with -되다, Korean terms with redundant script codes, Korean terms with redundant transliterations, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries
     
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "고(苦)",
        "3": "-되다",
        "pos2": "light verb deriving adjectives",
        "t2": "to become"
      },
      "expansion": "고(苦) (go) + -되다 (-doeda, “to become”, light verb deriving adjectives)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "고(苦) (go) + -되다 (-doeda, “to become”, light verb deriving adjectives).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "godoeda",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고돼",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되어",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되니",
      "tags": [
        "sequential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/adj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vowel-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되다",
      "roman": "godoeda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고돼",
      "roman": "godwae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고돼요",
      "roman": "godwaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되어요",
      "roman": "godoeeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고됩니다",
      "roman": "godoemnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고됐다",
      "roman": "godwaetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고됐어",
      "roman": "godwaesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고됐어요",
      "roman": "godwaesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고됐습니다",
      "roman": "godwaetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되냐",
      "roman": "godoenya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고돼",
      "roman": "godwae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고돼요",
      "roman": "godwaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되어요",
      "roman": "godoeeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고됩니까",
      "roman": "godoemnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고됐냐",
      "roman": "godwaennya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고됐어",
      "roman": "godwaesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고됐어요",
      "roman": "godwaesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고됐습니까",
      "roman": "godwaetseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되겠다",
      "roman": "godoegetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되겠어",
      "roman": "godoegesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되겠어요",
      "roman": "godoegesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되겠습니다",
      "roman": "godoegetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고돼",
      "roman": "godwae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고돼서",
      "roman": "godwaeseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되어서",
      "roman": "godoeeoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되니",
      "roman": "godoeni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되니까",
      "roman": "godoenikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되지만",
      "roman": "godoejiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고된데",
      "roman": "godoende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되더니",
      "roman": "godoedeoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되고",
      "roman": "godoego",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되면",
      "roman": "godoemyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고돼야",
      "roman": "godwaeya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되어야",
      "roman": "godoeeoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고됨",
      "roman": "godoem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되기",
      "roman": "godoegi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고됐음",
      "roman": "godwaesseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되었음",
      "roman": "godoeeosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고됐기",
      "roman": "godwaetgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되었기",
      "roman": "godoeeotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고된",
      "roman": "godoen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "informal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고될",
      "roman": "godoel",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "future",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/adj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vowel-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되시다",
      "roman": "godoesida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되셔",
      "roman": "godoesyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되세요",
      "roman": "godoeseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되셔요",
      "roman": "godoesyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되십니다",
      "roman": "godoesimnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되셨다",
      "roman": "godoesyeotda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되셨어",
      "roman": "godoesyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되셨어요",
      "roman": "godoesyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되셨습니다",
      "roman": "godoesyeotseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되시냐",
      "roman": "godoesinya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되셔",
      "roman": "godoesyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되세요",
      "roman": "godoeseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되셔요",
      "roman": "godoesyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되십니까",
      "roman": "godoesimnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되셨냐",
      "roman": "godoesyeonnya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되셨어",
      "roman": "godoesyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되셨어요",
      "roman": "godoesyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되셨습니까",
      "roman": "godoesyeotseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되시겠다",
      "roman": "godoesigetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되시겠어",
      "roman": "godoesigesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되시겠어요",
      "roman": "godoesigesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되시겠습니다",
      "roman": "godoesigetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되셔",
      "roman": "godoesyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되셔서",
      "roman": "godoesyeoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되시니",
      "roman": "godoesini",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되시니까",
      "roman": "godoesinikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되시지만",
      "roman": "godoesijiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되신데",
      "roman": "godoesinde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되시더니",
      "roman": "godoesideoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되시고",
      "roman": "godoesigo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되시면",
      "roman": "godoesimyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되셔야",
      "roman": "godoesyeoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되심",
      "roman": "godoesim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되시기",
      "roman": "godoesigi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되셨음",
      "roman": "godoesyeosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되셨기",
      "roman": "godoesyeotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되신",
      "roman": "godoesin",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "informal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되실",
      "roman": "godoesil",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "future",
        "informal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "고되다 • (godoeda) (infinitive 고돼 or 고되어, sequential 고되니)",
      "name": "ko-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms suffixed with -되다",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be hard, to be tough, to be arduous"
      ],
      "id": "en-고되다-ko-adj-5UgyUhEc",
      "links": [
        [
          "hard",
          "hard"
        ],
        [
          "tough",
          "tough"
        ],
        [
          "arduous",
          "arduous"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ko̞dwe̞da̠]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ko̞dø̞da̠]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "hangeul": "고뒈다"
    },
    {
      "hangeul": "고되다"
    }
  ],
  "word": "고되다"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "고(苦)",
        "3": "-되다",
        "pos2": "light verb deriving adjectives",
        "t2": "to become"
      },
      "expansion": "고(苦) (go) + -되다 (-doeda, “to become”, light verb deriving adjectives)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "고(苦) (go) + -되다 (-doeda, “to become”, light verb deriving adjectives).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "godoeda",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고돼",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되어",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되니",
      "tags": [
        "sequential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/adj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vowel-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되다",
      "roman": "godoeda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고돼",
      "roman": "godwae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고돼요",
      "roman": "godwaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되어요",
      "roman": "godoeeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고됩니다",
      "roman": "godoemnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고됐다",
      "roman": "godwaetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고됐어",
      "roman": "godwaesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고됐어요",
      "roman": "godwaesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고됐습니다",
      "roman": "godwaetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되냐",
      "roman": "godoenya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고돼",
      "roman": "godwae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고돼요",
      "roman": "godwaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되어요",
      "roman": "godoeeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고됩니까",
      "roman": "godoemnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고됐냐",
      "roman": "godwaennya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고됐어",
      "roman": "godwaesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고됐어요",
      "roman": "godwaesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고됐습니까",
      "roman": "godwaetseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되겠다",
      "roman": "godoegetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되겠어",
      "roman": "godoegesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되겠어요",
      "roman": "godoegesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되겠습니다",
      "roman": "godoegetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고돼",
      "roman": "godwae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고돼서",
      "roman": "godwaeseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되어서",
      "roman": "godoeeoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되니",
      "roman": "godoeni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되니까",
      "roman": "godoenikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되지만",
      "roman": "godoejiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고된데",
      "roman": "godoende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되더니",
      "roman": "godoedeoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되고",
      "roman": "godoego",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되면",
      "roman": "godoemyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고돼야",
      "roman": "godwaeya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되어야",
      "roman": "godoeeoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고됨",
      "roman": "godoem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되기",
      "roman": "godoegi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고됐음",
      "roman": "godwaesseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되었음",
      "roman": "godoeeosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고됐기",
      "roman": "godwaetgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되었기",
      "roman": "godoeeotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고된",
      "roman": "godoen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "informal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고될",
      "roman": "godoel",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "future",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/adj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vowel-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되시다",
      "roman": "godoesida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되셔",
      "roman": "godoesyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되세요",
      "roman": "godoeseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되셔요",
      "roman": "godoesyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되십니다",
      "roman": "godoesimnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되셨다",
      "roman": "godoesyeotda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되셨어",
      "roman": "godoesyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되셨어요",
      "roman": "godoesyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되셨습니다",
      "roman": "godoesyeotseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되시냐",
      "roman": "godoesinya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되셔",
      "roman": "godoesyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되세요",
      "roman": "godoeseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되셔요",
      "roman": "godoesyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되십니까",
      "roman": "godoesimnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되셨냐",
      "roman": "godoesyeonnya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되셨어",
      "roman": "godoesyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되셨어요",
      "roman": "godoesyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되셨습니까",
      "roman": "godoesyeotseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되시겠다",
      "roman": "godoesigetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되시겠어",
      "roman": "godoesigesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되시겠어요",
      "roman": "godoesigesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되시겠습니다",
      "roman": "godoesigetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되셔",
      "roman": "godoesyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되셔서",
      "roman": "godoesyeoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되시니",
      "roman": "godoesini",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되시니까",
      "roman": "godoesinikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되시지만",
      "roman": "godoesijiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되신데",
      "roman": "godoesinde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되시더니",
      "roman": "godoesideoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되시고",
      "roman": "godoesigo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되시면",
      "roman": "godoesimyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되셔야",
      "roman": "godoesyeoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되심",
      "roman": "godoesim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되시기",
      "roman": "godoesigi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되셨음",
      "roman": "godoesyeosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되셨기",
      "roman": "godoesyeotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되신",
      "roman": "godoesin",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "informal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고되실",
      "roman": "godoesil",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "future",
        "informal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "고되다 • (godoeda) (infinitive 고돼 or 고되어, sequential 고되니)",
      "name": "ko-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Korean adjectives",
        "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
        "Korean lemmas",
        "Korean terms suffixed with -되다",
        "Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
        "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be hard, to be tough, to be arduous"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hard",
          "hard"
        ],
        [
          "tough",
          "tough"
        ],
        [
          "arduous",
          "arduous"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ko̞dwe̞da̠]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ko̞dø̞da̠]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "hangeul": "고뒈다"
    },
    {
      "hangeul": "고되다"
    }
  ],
  "word": "고되다"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 고되다 meaning in Korean (11.2kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Korean dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (ddb1505 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.