"갈닦다" meaning in Korean

See 갈닦다 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: [ˈka̠(ː)ɭda̠k̚t͈a̠] [SK-Standard, Seoul]
Etymology: 갈 (gal-, “to hone”) + 닦다 (dakda, “to polish”). Etymology templates: {{m|ko|갈다|갈-|t=to hone}} 갈 (gal-, “to hone”), {{m|ko|닦다|pos=|t=to polish}} 닦다 (dakda, “to polish”), {{ko-compound-verb|갈|to hone|닦다|to polish|dir=y}} 갈 (gal-, “to hone”) + 닦다 (dakda, “to polish”). Head templates: {{ko-verb}} 갈닦다 • (galdakda) (infinitive 갈닦아, sequential 갈닦으니) Forms: galdakda [romanization], 갈닦아 [infinitive], 갈닦으니 [sequential], no-table-tags [table-tags], 갈닦는다 [formal, indicative, non-past], 갈닦아 [indicative, informal, non-past], 갈닦아요 [indicative, informal, non-past, polite], 갈닦습니다 [formal, indicative, non-past, polite], 갈닦았다 [formal, indicative, past], 갈닦았어 [indicative, informal, past], 갈닦았어요 [indicative, informal, past, polite], 갈닦았습니다 [formal, indicative, past, polite], 갈닦느냐 [formal, interrogative, non-past], 갈닦아 [informal, interrogative, non-past], 갈닦아요 [informal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 갈닦습니까 [formal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 갈닦았느냐 [formal, interrogative, past], 갈닦았어 [informal, interrogative, past], 갈닦았어요 [informal, interrogative, past, polite], 갈닦았습니까 [formal, interrogative, past, polite], 갈닦자 [formal, hortative], 갈닦아 [hortative, informal], 갈닦아요 [hortative, informal, polite], 갈닦으십시다 [formal, hortative, polite], 갈닦아라 [formal, imperative], 갈닦아 [imperative, informal], 갈닦아요 [imperative, informal, polite], 갈닦읍시오 [formal, imperative, polite], 갈닦겠다 [assertive, formal], 갈닦겠어 [assertive, informal], 갈닦겠어요 [assertive, informal, polite], 갈닦겠습니다 [assertive, formal, polite], 갈닦아 [causative, formal], 갈닦아서 [causative, informal], 갈닦으니 [causative, informal, polite], 갈닦으니까 [causative, formal, polite], 갈닦지만 [contrastive, formal], 갈닦는데 [contrastive, informal], 갈닦더니 [contrastive, informal, polite], 갈닦고 [conjunctive, formal], 갈닦으면 [conditional, formal], 갈닦아야 [conditional, informal], 갈닦으려고 [formal, motive-form], 갈닦음 [formal, noun-from-verb], 갈닦기 [informal, noun-from-verb], 갈닦았음 [formal, noun-from-verb, past], 갈닦았기 [informal, noun-from-verb, past], 갈닦은 [determiner, formal, past], 갈닦는 [determiner, formal, present], 갈닦을 [determiner, formal, future], no-table-tags [table-tags], 갈닦으신다 [formal, indicative, non-past], 갈닦으셔 [indicative, informal, non-past], 갈닦으세요 [indicative, informal, non-past, polite], 갈닦으셔요 [indicative, informal, non-past, polite], 갈닦으십니다 [formal, indicative, non-past, polite], 갈닦으셨다 [formal, indicative, past], 갈닦으셨어 [indicative, informal, past], 갈닦으셨어요 [indicative, informal, past, polite], 갈닦으셨습니다 [formal, indicative, past, polite], 갈닦으시느냐 [formal, interrogative, non-past], 갈닦으셔 [informal, interrogative, non-past], 갈닦으세요 [informal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 갈닦으셔요 [informal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 갈닦으십니까 [formal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 갈닦으셨느냐 [formal, interrogative, past], 갈닦으셨어 [informal, interrogative, past], 갈닦으셨어요 [informal, interrogative, past, polite], 갈닦으셨습니까 [formal, interrogative, past, polite], 갈닦으시라 [formal, imperative], 갈닦으셔 [imperative, informal], 갈닦으세요 [imperative, informal, polite], 갈닦으십시오 [formal, imperative, polite], 갈닦으시겠다 [assertive, formal], 갈닦으시겠어 [assertive, informal], 갈닦으시겠어요 [assertive, informal, polite], 갈닦으시겠습니다 [assertive, formal, polite], 갈닦으셔 [causative, formal], 갈닦으셔서 [causative, informal], 갈닦으시니 [causative, informal, polite], 갈닦으시니까 [causative, formal, polite], 갈닦으시지만 [contrastive, formal], 갈닦으시는데 [contrastive, informal], 갈닦으시더니 [contrastive, informal, polite], 갈닦으시고 [conjunctive, formal], 갈닦으시면 [conditional, formal], 갈닦으셔야 [conditional, informal], 갈닦으시려고 [formal, motive-form], 갈닦으심 [formal, noun-from-verb], 갈닦으시기 [informal, noun-from-verb], 갈닦으셨음 [formal, noun-from-verb, past], 갈닦으셨기 [informal, noun-from-verb, past], 갈닦으신 [determiner, formal, past], 갈닦으시는 [determiner, formal, present], 갈닦으실 [determiner, formal, future]
  1. to rub, to polish (a stone or jade) Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-갈닦다-ko-verb-R2c3QM-q
  2. Synonym of 갈고닦다 (galgodakda, “to hone, to cultivate, to develop, to improve (a skill, talent, ability, etc.)”) Tags: transitive Synonyms: 갈고닦다 [synonym, synonym-of]
    Sense id: en-갈닦다-ko-verb-qOqgbPcf Categories (other): Korean entries with incorrect language header, Korean terms with long vowels in the first syllable, Korean terms with redundant script codes, Korean terms with redundant transliterations, Korean verbs compounded directly Disambiguation of Korean entries with incorrect language header: 28 72 Disambiguation of Korean terms with long vowels in the first syllable: 29 71 Disambiguation of Korean terms with redundant script codes: 18 82 Disambiguation of Korean terms with redundant transliterations: 16 84 Disambiguation of Korean verbs compounded directly: 41 59

Download JSON data for 갈닦다 meaning in Korean (13.9kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "갈다",
        "3": "갈-",
        "t": "to hone"
      },
      "expansion": "갈 (gal-, “to hone”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "닦다",
        "pos": "",
        "t": "to polish"
      },
      "expansion": "닦다 (dakda, “to polish”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "갈",
        "2": "to hone",
        "3": "닦다",
        "4": "to polish",
        "dir": "y"
      },
      "expansion": "갈 (gal-, “to hone”) + 닦다 (dakda, “to polish”).",
      "name": "ko-compound-verb"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "갈 (gal-, “to hone”) + 닦다 (dakda, “to polish”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "galdakda",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦아",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으니",
      "tags": [
        "sequential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/verb",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "consonant-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦는다",
      "roman": "galdangneunda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦아",
      "roman": "galdakka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦아요",
      "roman": "galdakkayo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦습니다",
      "roman": "galdakseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦았다",
      "roman": "galdakkatda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦았어",
      "roman": "galdakkasseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦았어요",
      "roman": "galdakkasseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦았습니다",
      "roman": "galdakkatseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦느냐",
      "roman": "galdangneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦아",
      "roman": "galdakka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦아요",
      "roman": "galdakkayo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦습니까",
      "roman": "galdakseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦았느냐",
      "roman": "galdakkanneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦았어",
      "roman": "galdakkasseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦았어요",
      "roman": "galdakkasseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦았습니까",
      "roman": "galdakkatseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦자",
      "roman": "galdakja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "hortative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦아",
      "roman": "galdakka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hortative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦아요",
      "roman": "galdakkayo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hortative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으십시다",
      "roman": "galdakkeusipsida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "hortative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦아라",
      "roman": "galdakkara",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦아",
      "roman": "galdakka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦아요",
      "roman": "galdakkayo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦읍시오",
      "roman": "galdakkeupsio",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦겠다",
      "roman": "galdakgetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦겠어",
      "roman": "galdakgesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦겠어요",
      "roman": "galdakgesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦겠습니다",
      "roman": "galdakgetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦아",
      "roman": "galdakka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦아서",
      "roman": "galdakkaseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으니",
      "roman": "galdakkeuni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으니까",
      "roman": "galdakkeunikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦지만",
      "roman": "galdakjiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦는데",
      "roman": "galdangneunde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦더니",
      "roman": "galdakdeoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦고",
      "roman": "galdakgo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으면",
      "roman": "galdakkeumyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦아야",
      "roman": "galdakkaya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으려고",
      "roman": "galdakkeuryeogo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "motive-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦음",
      "roman": "galdakkeum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦기",
      "roman": "galdakgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦았음",
      "roman": "galdakkasseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦았기",
      "roman": "galdakkatgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦은",
      "roman": "galdakkeun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦는",
      "roman": "galdangneun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦을",
      "roman": "galdakkeul",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "future"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/verb",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "consonant-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으신다",
      "roman": "galdakkeusinda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으셔",
      "roman": "galdakkeusyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으세요",
      "roman": "galdakkeuseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으셔요",
      "roman": "galdakkeusyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으십니다",
      "roman": "galdakkeusimnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으셨다",
      "roman": "galdakkeusyeotda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으셨어",
      "roman": "galdakkeusyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으셨어요",
      "roman": "galdakkeusyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으셨습니다",
      "roman": "galdakkeusyeotseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으시느냐",
      "roman": "galdakkeusineunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으셔",
      "roman": "galdakkeusyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으세요",
      "roman": "galdakkeuseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으셔요",
      "roman": "galdakkeusyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으십니까",
      "roman": "galdakkeusimnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으셨느냐",
      "roman": "galdakkeusyeonneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으셨어",
      "roman": "galdakkeusyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으셨어요",
      "roman": "galdakkeusyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으셨습니까",
      "roman": "galdakkeusyeotseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으시라",
      "roman": "galdakkeusira",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으셔",
      "roman": "galdakkeusyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으세요",
      "roman": "galdakkeuseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으십시오",
      "roman": "galdakkeusipsio",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으시겠다",
      "roman": "galdakkeusigetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으시겠어",
      "roman": "galdakkeusigesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으시겠어요",
      "roman": "galdakkeusigesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으시겠습니다",
      "roman": "galdakkeusigetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으셔",
      "roman": "galdakkeusyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으셔서",
      "roman": "galdakkeusyeoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으시니",
      "roman": "galdakkeusini",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으시니까",
      "roman": "galdakkeusinikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으시지만",
      "roman": "galdakkeusijiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으시는데",
      "roman": "galdakkeusineunde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으시더니",
      "roman": "galdakkeusideoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으시고",
      "roman": "galdakkeusigo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으시면",
      "roman": "galdakkeusimyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으셔야",
      "roman": "galdakkeusyeoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으시려고",
      "roman": "galdakkeusiryeogo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "motive-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으심",
      "roman": "galdakkeusim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으시기",
      "roman": "galdakkeusigi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으셨음",
      "roman": "galdakkeusyeosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으셨기",
      "roman": "galdakkeusyeotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으신",
      "roman": "galdakkeusin",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으시는",
      "roman": "galdakkeusineun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으실",
      "roman": "galdakkeusil",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "future"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "갈닦다 • (galdakda) (infinitive 갈닦아, sequential 갈닦으니)",
      "name": "ko-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to rub, to polish (a stone or jade)"
      ],
      "id": "en-갈닦다-ko-verb-R2c3QM-q",
      "links": [
        [
          "rub",
          "rub"
        ],
        [
          "polish",
          "polish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "28 72",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 71",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with long vowels in the first syllable",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 82",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 84",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "41 59",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean verbs compounded directly",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Synonym of 갈고닦다 (galgodakda, “to hone, to cultivate, to develop, to improve (a skill, talent, ability, etc.)”)"
      ],
      "id": "en-갈닦다-ko-verb-qOqgbPcf",
      "links": [
        [
          "갈고닦다",
          "갈고닦다#Korean"
        ],
        [
          "hone",
          "hone"
        ],
        [
          "cultivate",
          "cultivate"
        ],
        [
          "develop",
          "develop"
        ],
        [
          "improve",
          "improve"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "extra": "(galgodakda, “to hone, to cultivate, to develop, to improve (a skill, talent, ability, etc.)”)",
          "tags": [
            "synonym",
            "synonym-of"
          ],
          "word": "갈고닦다"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈka̠(ː)ɭda̠k̚t͈a̠]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "other": "[갈(ː)닥따]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "갈닦다"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Korean compound verbs",
    "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
    "Korean lemmas",
    "Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Korean terms with long vowels in the first syllable",
    "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
    "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
    "Korean transitive verbs",
    "Korean verbs",
    "Korean verbs compounded directly"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "갈다",
        "3": "갈-",
        "t": "to hone"
      },
      "expansion": "갈 (gal-, “to hone”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "닦다",
        "pos": "",
        "t": "to polish"
      },
      "expansion": "닦다 (dakda, “to polish”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "갈",
        "2": "to hone",
        "3": "닦다",
        "4": "to polish",
        "dir": "y"
      },
      "expansion": "갈 (gal-, “to hone”) + 닦다 (dakda, “to polish”).",
      "name": "ko-compound-verb"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "갈 (gal-, “to hone”) + 닦다 (dakda, “to polish”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "galdakda",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦아",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으니",
      "tags": [
        "sequential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/verb",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "consonant-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦는다",
      "roman": "galdangneunda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦아",
      "roman": "galdakka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦아요",
      "roman": "galdakkayo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦습니다",
      "roman": "galdakseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦았다",
      "roman": "galdakkatda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦았어",
      "roman": "galdakkasseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦았어요",
      "roman": "galdakkasseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦았습니다",
      "roman": "galdakkatseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦느냐",
      "roman": "galdangneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦아",
      "roman": "galdakka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦아요",
      "roman": "galdakkayo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦습니까",
      "roman": "galdakseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦았느냐",
      "roman": "galdakkanneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦았어",
      "roman": "galdakkasseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦았어요",
      "roman": "galdakkasseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦았습니까",
      "roman": "galdakkatseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦자",
      "roman": "galdakja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "hortative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦아",
      "roman": "galdakka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hortative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦아요",
      "roman": "galdakkayo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hortative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으십시다",
      "roman": "galdakkeusipsida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "hortative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦아라",
      "roman": "galdakkara",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦아",
      "roman": "galdakka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦아요",
      "roman": "galdakkayo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦읍시오",
      "roman": "galdakkeupsio",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦겠다",
      "roman": "galdakgetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦겠어",
      "roman": "galdakgesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦겠어요",
      "roman": "galdakgesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦겠습니다",
      "roman": "galdakgetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦아",
      "roman": "galdakka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦아서",
      "roman": "galdakkaseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으니",
      "roman": "galdakkeuni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으니까",
      "roman": "galdakkeunikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦지만",
      "roman": "galdakjiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦는데",
      "roman": "galdangneunde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦더니",
      "roman": "galdakdeoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦고",
      "roman": "galdakgo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으면",
      "roman": "galdakkeumyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦아야",
      "roman": "galdakkaya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으려고",
      "roman": "galdakkeuryeogo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "motive-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦음",
      "roman": "galdakkeum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦기",
      "roman": "galdakgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦았음",
      "roman": "galdakkasseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦았기",
      "roman": "galdakkatgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦은",
      "roman": "galdakkeun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦는",
      "roman": "galdangneun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦을",
      "roman": "galdakkeul",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "future"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/verb",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "consonant-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으신다",
      "roman": "galdakkeusinda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으셔",
      "roman": "galdakkeusyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으세요",
      "roman": "galdakkeuseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으셔요",
      "roman": "galdakkeusyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으십니다",
      "roman": "galdakkeusimnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으셨다",
      "roman": "galdakkeusyeotda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으셨어",
      "roman": "galdakkeusyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으셨어요",
      "roman": "galdakkeusyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으셨습니다",
      "roman": "galdakkeusyeotseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으시느냐",
      "roman": "galdakkeusineunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으셔",
      "roman": "galdakkeusyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으세요",
      "roman": "galdakkeuseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으셔요",
      "roman": "galdakkeusyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으십니까",
      "roman": "galdakkeusimnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으셨느냐",
      "roman": "galdakkeusyeonneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으셨어",
      "roman": "galdakkeusyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으셨어요",
      "roman": "galdakkeusyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으셨습니까",
      "roman": "galdakkeusyeotseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으시라",
      "roman": "galdakkeusira",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으셔",
      "roman": "galdakkeusyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으세요",
      "roman": "galdakkeuseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으십시오",
      "roman": "galdakkeusipsio",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으시겠다",
      "roman": "galdakkeusigetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으시겠어",
      "roman": "galdakkeusigesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으시겠어요",
      "roman": "galdakkeusigesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으시겠습니다",
      "roman": "galdakkeusigetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으셔",
      "roman": "galdakkeusyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으셔서",
      "roman": "galdakkeusyeoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으시니",
      "roman": "galdakkeusini",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으시니까",
      "roman": "galdakkeusinikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으시지만",
      "roman": "galdakkeusijiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으시는데",
      "roman": "galdakkeusineunde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으시더니",
      "roman": "galdakkeusideoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으시고",
      "roman": "galdakkeusigo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으시면",
      "roman": "galdakkeusimyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으셔야",
      "roman": "galdakkeusyeoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으시려고",
      "roman": "galdakkeusiryeogo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "motive-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으심",
      "roman": "galdakkeusim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으시기",
      "roman": "galdakkeusigi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으셨음",
      "roman": "galdakkeusyeosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으셨기",
      "roman": "galdakkeusyeotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으신",
      "roman": "galdakkeusin",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으시는",
      "roman": "galdakkeusineun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈닦으실",
      "roman": "galdakkeusil",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "future"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "갈닦다 • (galdakda) (infinitive 갈닦아, sequential 갈닦으니)",
      "name": "ko-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to rub, to polish (a stone or jade)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rub",
          "rub"
        ],
        [
          "polish",
          "polish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Synonym of 갈고닦다 (galgodakda, “to hone, to cultivate, to develop, to improve (a skill, talent, ability, etc.)”)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "갈고닦다",
          "갈고닦다#Korean"
        ],
        [
          "hone",
          "hone"
        ],
        [
          "cultivate",
          "cultivate"
        ],
        [
          "develop",
          "develop"
        ],
        [
          "improve",
          "improve"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "extra": "(galgodakda, “to hone, to cultivate, to develop, to improve (a skill, talent, ability, etc.)”)",
          "tags": [
            "synonym",
            "synonym-of"
          ],
          "word": "갈고닦다"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈka̠(ː)ɭda̠k̚t͈a̠]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "other": "[갈(ː)닥따]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "갈닦다"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Korean dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (ae36afe and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.