See 갈닦다 on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "갈",
"2": "to hone",
"3": "닦다",
"4": "to polish",
"dir": "y"
},
"expansion": "갈- (gal-, “to hone”) + 닦다 (dakda, “to polish”).",
"name": "ko-compound-verb"
}
],
"etymology_text": "갈- (gal-, “to hone”) + 닦다 (dakda, “to polish”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "galdakda",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦아",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으니",
"tags": [
"sequential"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ko-conj/verb",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "consonant-stem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦는다",
"roman": "galdangneunda",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"indicative",
"non-past"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦아",
"roman": "galdakka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"informal",
"non-past"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦아요",
"roman": "galdakkayo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"informal",
"non-past",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦습니다",
"roman": "galdakseumnida",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"indicative",
"non-past",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦았다",
"roman": "galdakkatda",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"indicative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦았어",
"roman": "galdakkasseo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦았어요",
"roman": "galdakkasseoyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"informal",
"past",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦았습니다",
"roman": "galdakkatseumnida",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"indicative",
"past",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦느냐",
"roman": "galdangneunya",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"interrogative",
"non-past"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦아",
"roman": "galdakka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"informal",
"interrogative",
"non-past"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦아요",
"roman": "galdakkayo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"informal",
"interrogative",
"non-past",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦습니까",
"roman": "galdakseumnikka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"interrogative",
"non-past",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦았느냐",
"roman": "galdakkanneunya",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"interrogative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦았어",
"roman": "galdakkasseo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"informal",
"interrogative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦았어요",
"roman": "galdakkasseoyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"informal",
"interrogative",
"past",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦았습니까",
"roman": "galdakkatseumnikka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"interrogative",
"past",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦자",
"roman": "galdakja",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"hortative"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦아",
"roman": "galdakka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hortative",
"informal"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦아요",
"roman": "galdakkayo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hortative",
"informal",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으십시다",
"roman": "galdakkeusipsida",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"hortative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦아라",
"roman": "galdakkara",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦아",
"roman": "galdakka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"informal"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦아요",
"roman": "galdakkayo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"informal",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦읍시오",
"roman": "galdakkeupsio",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦겠다",
"roman": "galdakgetda",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"assertive",
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦겠어",
"roman": "galdakgesseo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"assertive",
"informal"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦겠어요",
"roman": "galdakgesseoyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"assertive",
"informal",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦겠습니다",
"roman": "galdakgetseumnida",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"assertive",
"formal",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦아",
"roman": "galdakka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦아서",
"roman": "galdakkaseo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"informal"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으니",
"roman": "galdakkeuni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"informal",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으니까",
"roman": "galdakkeunikka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"formal",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦지만",
"roman": "galdakjiman",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦는데",
"roman": "galdangneunde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"informal"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦더니",
"roman": "galdakdeoni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"informal",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦고",
"roman": "galdakgo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive",
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으면",
"roman": "galdakkeumyeon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦아야",
"roman": "galdakkaya",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"informal"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으려고",
"roman": "galdakkeuryeogo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"motive-form"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦음",
"roman": "galdakkeum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦기",
"roman": "galdakgi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"informal",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦았음",
"roman": "galdakkasseum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"noun-from-verb",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦았기",
"roman": "galdakkatgi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"informal",
"noun-from-verb",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦은",
"roman": "galdakkeun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"determiner",
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦는",
"roman": "galdangneun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"determiner",
"formal",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦을",
"roman": "galdakkeul",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"determiner",
"formal",
"future"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ko-conj/verb",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "consonant-stem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으신다",
"roman": "galdakkeusinda",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"indicative",
"non-past"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으셔",
"roman": "galdakkeusyeo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"informal",
"non-past"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으세요",
"roman": "galdakkeuseyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"informal",
"non-past",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으셔요",
"roman": "galdakkeusyeoyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"informal",
"non-past",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으십니다",
"roman": "galdakkeusimnida",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"indicative",
"non-past",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으셨다",
"roman": "galdakkeusyeotda",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"indicative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으셨어",
"roman": "galdakkeusyeosseo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으셨어요",
"roman": "galdakkeusyeosseoyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"informal",
"past",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으셨습니다",
"roman": "galdakkeusyeotseumnida",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"indicative",
"past",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으시느냐",
"roman": "galdakkeusineunya",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"interrogative",
"non-past"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으셔",
"roman": "galdakkeusyeo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"informal",
"interrogative",
"non-past"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으세요",
"roman": "galdakkeuseyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"informal",
"interrogative",
"non-past",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으셔요",
"roman": "galdakkeusyeoyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"informal",
"interrogative",
"non-past",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으십니까",
"roman": "galdakkeusimnikka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"interrogative",
"non-past",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으셨느냐",
"roman": "galdakkeusyeonneunya",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"interrogative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으셨어",
"roman": "galdakkeusyeosseo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"informal",
"interrogative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으셨어요",
"roman": "galdakkeusyeosseoyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"informal",
"interrogative",
"past",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으셨습니까",
"roman": "galdakkeusyeotseumnikka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"interrogative",
"past",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"interrogative"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으시라",
"roman": "galdakkeusira",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"informal"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으셔",
"roman": "galdakkeusyeo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"informal",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으세요",
"roman": "galdakkeuseyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으십시오",
"roman": "galdakkeusipsio",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으시겠다",
"roman": "galdakkeusigetda",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"assertive",
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으시겠어",
"roman": "galdakkeusigesseo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"assertive",
"informal"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으시겠어요",
"roman": "galdakkeusigesseoyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"assertive",
"informal",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으시겠습니다",
"roman": "galdakkeusigetseumnida",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"assertive",
"formal",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으셔",
"roman": "galdakkeusyeo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"formal",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으셔서",
"roman": "galdakkeusyeoseo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"informal"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으시니",
"roman": "galdakkeusini",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"informal",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으시니까",
"roman": "galdakkeusinikka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"formal",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으시지만",
"roman": "galdakkeusijiman",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으시는데",
"roman": "galdakkeusineunde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"informal"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으시더니",
"roman": "galdakkeusideoni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"informal",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으시고",
"roman": "galdakkeusigo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive",
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으시면",
"roman": "galdakkeusimyeon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으셔야",
"roman": "galdakkeusyeoya",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"informal"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으시려고",
"roman": "galdakkeusiryeogo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"motive-form"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으심",
"roman": "galdakkeusim",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으시기",
"roman": "galdakkeusigi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"informal",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으셨음",
"roman": "galdakkeusyeosseum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"noun-from-verb",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으셨기",
"roman": "galdakkeusyeotgi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"informal",
"noun-from-verb",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으신",
"roman": "galdakkeusin",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"determiner",
"formal",
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으시는",
"roman": "galdakkeusineun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"determiner",
"formal",
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으실",
"roman": "galdakkeusil",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"determiner",
"formal",
"future",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "갈닦다 • (galdakda) (infinitive 갈닦아, sequential 갈닦으니)",
"name": "ko-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "transitive"
},
"expansion": "(transitive)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with long vowels in the first syllable",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "66 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "86 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to rub, to polish (a stone or jade)"
],
"id": "en-갈닦다-ko-verb-R2c3QM-q",
"links": [
[
"rub",
"rub"
],
[
"polish",
"polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with long vowels in the first syllable",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean verbs compounded directly",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"synonym of 갈고닦다 (galgodakda, “to hone, to cultivate, to develop, to improve (a skill, talent, ability, etc.)”)"
],
"id": "en-갈닦다-ko-verb-kXjrMR~C",
"links": [
[
"갈고닦다",
"갈고닦다#Korean"
],
[
"hone",
"hone"
],
[
"cultivate",
"cultivate"
],
[
"develop",
"develop"
],
[
"improve",
"improve"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "(galgodakda, “to hone, to cultivate, to develop, to improve (a skill, talent, ability, etc.)”)",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "갈고닦다"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈka̠(ː)ɭda̠k̚t͈a̠]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"hangeul": "갈(ː)닥따"
},
{
"other": "[갈(ː)닥따]"
}
],
"word": "갈닦다"
}
{
"categories": [
"Korean compound verbs",
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Korean terms with long vowels in the first syllable",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
"Korean transitive verbs",
"Korean verbs",
"Korean verbs compounded directly",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "갈",
"2": "to hone",
"3": "닦다",
"4": "to polish",
"dir": "y"
},
"expansion": "갈- (gal-, “to hone”) + 닦다 (dakda, “to polish”).",
"name": "ko-compound-verb"
}
],
"etymology_text": "갈- (gal-, “to hone”) + 닦다 (dakda, “to polish”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "galdakda",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦아",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으니",
"tags": [
"sequential"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ko-conj/verb",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "consonant-stem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦는다",
"roman": "galdangneunda",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"indicative",
"non-past"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦아",
"roman": "galdakka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"informal",
"non-past"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦아요",
"roman": "galdakkayo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"informal",
"non-past",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦습니다",
"roman": "galdakseumnida",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"indicative",
"non-past",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦았다",
"roman": "galdakkatda",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"indicative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦았어",
"roman": "galdakkasseo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦았어요",
"roman": "galdakkasseoyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"informal",
"past",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦았습니다",
"roman": "galdakkatseumnida",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"indicative",
"past",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦느냐",
"roman": "galdangneunya",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"interrogative",
"non-past"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦아",
"roman": "galdakka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"informal",
"interrogative",
"non-past"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦아요",
"roman": "galdakkayo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"informal",
"interrogative",
"non-past",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦습니까",
"roman": "galdakseumnikka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"interrogative",
"non-past",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦았느냐",
"roman": "galdakkanneunya",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"interrogative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦았어",
"roman": "galdakkasseo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"informal",
"interrogative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦았어요",
"roman": "galdakkasseoyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"informal",
"interrogative",
"past",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦았습니까",
"roman": "galdakkatseumnikka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"interrogative",
"past",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦자",
"roman": "galdakja",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"hortative"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦아",
"roman": "galdakka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hortative",
"informal"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦아요",
"roman": "galdakkayo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hortative",
"informal",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으십시다",
"roman": "galdakkeusipsida",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"hortative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦아라",
"roman": "galdakkara",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦아",
"roman": "galdakka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"informal"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦아요",
"roman": "galdakkayo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"informal",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦읍시오",
"roman": "galdakkeupsio",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦겠다",
"roman": "galdakgetda",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"assertive",
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦겠어",
"roman": "galdakgesseo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"assertive",
"informal"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦겠어요",
"roman": "galdakgesseoyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"assertive",
"informal",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦겠습니다",
"roman": "galdakgetseumnida",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"assertive",
"formal",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦아",
"roman": "galdakka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦아서",
"roman": "galdakkaseo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"informal"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으니",
"roman": "galdakkeuni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"informal",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으니까",
"roman": "galdakkeunikka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"formal",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦지만",
"roman": "galdakjiman",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦는데",
"roman": "galdangneunde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"informal"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦더니",
"roman": "galdakdeoni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"informal",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦고",
"roman": "galdakgo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive",
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으면",
"roman": "galdakkeumyeon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦아야",
"roman": "galdakkaya",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"informal"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으려고",
"roman": "galdakkeuryeogo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"motive-form"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦음",
"roman": "galdakkeum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦기",
"roman": "galdakgi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"informal",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦았음",
"roman": "galdakkasseum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"noun-from-verb",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦았기",
"roman": "galdakkatgi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"informal",
"noun-from-verb",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦은",
"roman": "galdakkeun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"determiner",
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦는",
"roman": "galdangneun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"determiner",
"formal",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦을",
"roman": "galdakkeul",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"determiner",
"formal",
"future"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ko-conj/verb",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "consonant-stem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으신다",
"roman": "galdakkeusinda",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"indicative",
"non-past"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으셔",
"roman": "galdakkeusyeo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"informal",
"non-past"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으세요",
"roman": "galdakkeuseyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"informal",
"non-past",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으셔요",
"roman": "galdakkeusyeoyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"informal",
"non-past",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으십니다",
"roman": "galdakkeusimnida",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"indicative",
"non-past",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으셨다",
"roman": "galdakkeusyeotda",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"indicative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으셨어",
"roman": "galdakkeusyeosseo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으셨어요",
"roman": "galdakkeusyeosseoyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"informal",
"past",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으셨습니다",
"roman": "galdakkeusyeotseumnida",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"indicative",
"past",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으시느냐",
"roman": "galdakkeusineunya",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"interrogative",
"non-past"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으셔",
"roman": "galdakkeusyeo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"informal",
"interrogative",
"non-past"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으세요",
"roman": "galdakkeuseyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"informal",
"interrogative",
"non-past",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으셔요",
"roman": "galdakkeusyeoyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"informal",
"interrogative",
"non-past",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으십니까",
"roman": "galdakkeusimnikka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"interrogative",
"non-past",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으셨느냐",
"roman": "galdakkeusyeonneunya",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"interrogative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으셨어",
"roman": "galdakkeusyeosseo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"informal",
"interrogative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으셨어요",
"roman": "galdakkeusyeosseoyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"informal",
"interrogative",
"past",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으셨습니까",
"roman": "galdakkeusyeotseumnikka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"interrogative",
"past",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"interrogative"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으시라",
"roman": "galdakkeusira",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"informal"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으셔",
"roman": "galdakkeusyeo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"informal",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으세요",
"roman": "galdakkeuseyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으십시오",
"roman": "galdakkeusipsio",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으시겠다",
"roman": "galdakkeusigetda",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"assertive",
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으시겠어",
"roman": "galdakkeusigesseo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"assertive",
"informal"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으시겠어요",
"roman": "galdakkeusigesseoyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"assertive",
"informal",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으시겠습니다",
"roman": "galdakkeusigetseumnida",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"assertive",
"formal",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으셔",
"roman": "galdakkeusyeo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"formal",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으셔서",
"roman": "galdakkeusyeoseo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"informal"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으시니",
"roman": "galdakkeusini",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"informal",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으시니까",
"roman": "galdakkeusinikka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"formal",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으시지만",
"roman": "galdakkeusijiman",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으시는데",
"roman": "galdakkeusineunde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"informal"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으시더니",
"roman": "galdakkeusideoni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"informal",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으시고",
"roman": "galdakkeusigo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive",
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으시면",
"roman": "galdakkeusimyeon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으셔야",
"roman": "galdakkeusyeoya",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"informal"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으시려고",
"roman": "galdakkeusiryeogo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"motive-form"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으심",
"roman": "galdakkeusim",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으시기",
"roman": "galdakkeusigi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"informal",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으셨음",
"roman": "galdakkeusyeosseum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"noun-from-verb",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으셨기",
"roman": "galdakkeusyeotgi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"informal",
"noun-from-verb",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으신",
"roman": "galdakkeusin",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"determiner",
"formal",
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으시는",
"roman": "galdakkeusineun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"determiner",
"formal",
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "갈닦으실",
"roman": "galdakkeusil",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"determiner",
"formal",
"future",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "갈닦다 • (galdakda) (infinitive 갈닦아, sequential 갈닦으니)",
"name": "ko-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "transitive"
},
"expansion": "(transitive)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to rub, to polish (a stone or jade)"
],
"links": [
[
"rub",
"rub"
],
[
"polish",
"polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"synonym of 갈고닦다 (galgodakda, “to hone, to cultivate, to develop, to improve (a skill, talent, ability, etc.)”)"
],
"links": [
[
"갈고닦다",
"갈고닦다#Korean"
],
[
"hone",
"hone"
],
[
"cultivate",
"cultivate"
],
[
"develop",
"develop"
],
[
"improve",
"improve"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "(galgodakda, “to hone, to cultivate, to develop, to improve (a skill, talent, ability, etc.)”)",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "갈고닦다"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈka̠(ː)ɭda̠k̚t͈a̠]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"hangeul": "갈(ː)닥따"
},
{
"other": "[갈(ː)닥따]"
}
],
"word": "갈닦다"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 갈닦다 meaning in All languages combined (13.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-11-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-11-20 using wiktextract (5887622 and c6a903f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.