See -∅ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{ "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_text": "From the fact that no true third person pronoun existed, so it was not put word-finally like other personal markers such as -в (-v), -ч (-ç), etc.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "xal", "2": "suffix" }, "expansion": "-∅", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Kalmyk", "lang_code": "xal", "pos": "suffix", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "Used as a third-person copula, meaning ‘He/she/it/they is/are …’" ], "id": "en--∅-xal-suffix-bP1EeHM3", "links": [ [ "He", "He#English" ], [ "she", "she#English" ], [ "it", "it#English" ], [ "they", "they#English" ], [ "is", "is#English" ], [ "are", "are#English" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(predicative) Used as a third-person copula, meaning ‘He/she/it/they is/are …’" ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "болх" } ], "tags": [ "morpheme", "predicative" ] }, { "categories": [], "examples": [ { "english": "He/she/it says", "roman": "En kelnä", "text": "Эн келнә", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "A third-person singular verbal suffix." ], "id": "en--∅-xal-suffix-nXOZVfia", "raw_glosses": [ "(predicative) A third-person singular verbal suffix." ], "tags": [ "morpheme", "predicative" ] } ], "word": "-∅" } { "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_text": "Root form of the verb (without the -х (-x) suffix in the dictionary form).", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "xal", "2": "suffix" }, "expansion": "-∅", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Kalmyk", "lang_code": "xal", "pos": "suffix", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "11 30 59", "kind": "other", "name": "Kalmyk entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "15 31 54", "kind": "other", "name": "Kalmyk terms in nonstandard scripts", "parents": [ "Terms in nonstandard scripts", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "examples": [ { "english": "Speak!", "roman": "Kel!", "text": "Кел!", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "Indicates the imperative." ], "id": "en--∅-xal-suffix-8G~qvqJi", "tags": [ "morpheme" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ə/" } ], "word": "-∅" }
{ "categories": [ "Kalmyk entries with incorrect language header", "Kalmyk lemmas", "Kalmyk suffixes", "Kalmyk terms in nonstandard scripts", "Pages with 9 entries" ], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_text": "From the fact that no true third person pronoun existed, so it was not put word-finally like other personal markers such as -в (-v), -ч (-ç), etc.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "xal", "2": "suffix" }, "expansion": "-∅", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Kalmyk", "lang_code": "xal", "pos": "suffix", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "Used as a third-person copula, meaning ‘He/she/it/they is/are …’" ], "links": [ [ "He", "He#English" ], [ "she", "she#English" ], [ "it", "it#English" ], [ "they", "they#English" ], [ "is", "is#English" ], [ "are", "are#English" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(predicative) Used as a third-person copula, meaning ‘He/she/it/they is/are …’" ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "болх" } ], "tags": [ "morpheme", "predicative" ] }, { "categories": [ "Kalmyk terms with usage examples" ], "examples": [ { "english": "He/she/it says", "roman": "En kelnä", "text": "Эн келнә", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "A third-person singular verbal suffix." ], "raw_glosses": [ "(predicative) A third-person singular verbal suffix." ], "tags": [ "morpheme", "predicative" ] } ], "word": "-∅" } { "categories": [ "Kalmyk entries with incorrect language header", "Kalmyk lemmas", "Kalmyk suffixes", "Kalmyk terms in nonstandard scripts", "Pages with 9 entries" ], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_text": "Root form of the verb (without the -х (-x) suffix in the dictionary form).", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "xal", "2": "suffix" }, "expansion": "-∅", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Kalmyk", "lang_code": "xal", "pos": "suffix", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Kalmyk terms with usage examples" ], "examples": [ { "english": "Speak!", "roman": "Kel!", "text": "Кел!", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "Indicates the imperative." ], "tags": [ "morpheme" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ə/" } ], "word": "-∅" }
Download raw JSONL data for -∅ meaning in Kalmyk (1.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Kalmyk dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-08-20 using wiktextract (8e41825 and f99c758). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.