"鯨" meaning in Japanese

See 鯨 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Character

Forms: Jōyō kanji [romanization]
  1. Tags: kanji, no-gloss Derived forms: 鯨骨 (geikotsu) (ruby: 鯨(げい), 骨(こつ)) (english: whale bone), 鯨肉 (geiniku) (ruby: 鯨(げい), 肉(にく)) (english: whale meat), 鯨油 (geiyu) (ruby: 鯨(げい), 油(ゆ)) (english: whale oil), 白鯨 (hakugei) (ruby: 白(はく), 鯨(げい)) (english: white whale), 捕鯨 (hogei) (ruby: 捕(ほ), 鯨(げい)) (english: whaling)
    Sense id: en-鯨-ja-character-47DEQpj8 Categories (other): Japanese jōyō kanji, Japanese kanji, Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Japanese terms with redundant transliterations

Noun

IPA: [kɯ̟ʑiɾa̠] Forms: 鯨 [canonical] (ruby: 鯨(くじら)), 鯨 ^ [canonical] (ruby: 鯨(クジラ)), kujira [romanization], kudira [romanization], くぢら [hiragana, historical]
Etymology: /kudira/ → /kud͡ʑira/ From Old Japanese. Appears in the Kojiki of 712 CE with the man'yōgana spelling 久治良 (kudira). Hypothesized as ultimately from reconstructed Proto-Japonic *kuntira. Ultimate derivation unclear. Theories include an alteration from 口広 (kuchibiro) in reference to the wide mouth; an alteration from 口開く (kuchibiraku) in reference to the gaping mouth; and an alteration from 黒白 (kuroshiro) in reference to the black-and-white coloration of certain cetaceans. However, the oldest sources clearly spell the term as kudira. * This rules out 口 (kuti → kuchi, “mouth”) as an etymon, as the oldest compounds using this term use the bound form kutu, not kuti, and there is no support for a kutu → kudi shift. * This also rules out 白 (siro, sira → shiro, shira, “white”) as an etymon. Although rendaku (voicing in compounds) would give modern jira as a reading for 白, the ancient reading of sira would voice to something closer to zira, and there is no support for a zira → dira shift. Also compare Korean 고래 (gorae) "whale." Etymology templates: {{inh|ja|ojp|-}} Old Japanese, {{inh|ja|jpx-pro|*kuntira}} Proto-Japonic *kuntira, {{ja-l/helper|口||}} 口, {{ja-l|口}} 口, {{ja-l/helper|広||}} 広, {{ja-l|広}} 広, {{ja-l/helper|口||}} 口, {{ja-l|口}} 口, {{ja-l/helper|開く||}} 開く, {{ja-l|開く}} 開く, {{ja-l/helper|黒白||}} 黒白, {{ja-l|黒白}} 黒白, {{cog|ko|고래}} Korean 고래 (gorae) Head templates: {{ja-noun|くじら|クジラ|hhira=くぢら}} 鯨(くじら) or 鯨(クジラ) • (kujira) ^(←くぢら (kudira)?)
  1. a whale (large sea mammal) Derived forms: ゴジラ (Gojira) (english: Godzilla), 鯨取り (kujiratori) (ruby: 鯨(くじら), 取(と)) (english: whaling)
    Sense id: en-鯨-ja-noun-DkjXTLny Categories (other): Pages with 8 entries, Pages with entries, Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms read with kun'yomi, Japanese terms with 1 kanji, Japanese terms with multiple readings, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Whales, Japanese terms with Heiban pitch accent (Tōkyō), Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Pages with 8 entries: 0 0 0 28 28 28 8 1 7 1 0 1 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 0 0 0 28 28 28 7 0 7 0 0 0 Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 0 33 33 33 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 0 33 33 33 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 0 33 33 33 Disambiguation of Japanese terms read with kun'yomi: 0 33 33 33 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with 1 kanji: 0 33 33 33 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with multiple readings: 0 33 33 33 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 0 31 34 34 Disambiguation of Whales: 0 33 33 33
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Noun

IPA: [isa̠] Forms: 鯨 [canonical] (ruby: 鯨(いさ)), isa [romanization]
Etymology: From Old Japanese. Root isa (“powerful?”) appears to be the same element in verb 勇む (isamu, “to be courageous, to be in high spirits”). Etymology templates: {{inh|ja|ojp|-|sort=いさ}} Old Japanese Head templates: {{ja-noun|いさ}} 鯨(いさ) • (isa)
  1. (archaic) a whale (large sea mammal) Tags: archaic Derived forms: 勇魚: whale (isana) (english: see below)
    Sense id: en-鯨-ja-noun-DkjXTLny1 Categories (other): Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Pages with 8 entries, Pages with entries, Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms read with kun'yomi, Japanese terms with 1 kanji, Japanese terms with multiple readings, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Whales Disambiguation of Pages with 8 entries: 0 0 0 28 28 28 8 1 7 1 0 1 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 0 0 0 28 28 28 7 0 7 0 0 0 Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 0 33 33 33 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 0 33 33 33 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 0 33 33 33 Disambiguation of Japanese terms read with kun'yomi: 0 33 33 33 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with 1 kanji: 0 33 33 33 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with multiple readings: 0 33 33 33 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 0 31 34 34 Disambiguation of Whales: 0 33 33 33
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Noun

IPA: [isa̠na̠] Forms: 鯨 [canonical] (ruby: 鯨(いさな)), isana [romanization], 勇魚 [alternative, kanji]
Etymology: From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū completed some time after 759 CE, often with the spelling 鯨魚 (literally “whale fish”). From cognate isa above, suffixed with 魚 (-na, “fish”). Sometimes spelled as 勇魚. Etymology templates: {{inh|ja|ojp|-|sort=いさな}} Old Japanese, {{ja-l/helper|勇魚||}} 勇魚, {{ja-l|勇魚}} 勇魚 Head templates: {{ja-noun|いさな}} 鯨(いさな) • (isana)
  1. (archaic) a whale (large sea mammal) Tags: archaic Derived forms: 鯨取り (isana tori), 勇魚取り: whaling (isana tori), an epithet for the sea
    Sense id: en-鯨-ja-noun-DkjXTLny1 Categories (other): Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Pages with 8 entries, Pages with entries, Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms read with kun'yomi, Japanese terms with 1 kanji, Japanese terms with multiple readings, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Whales Disambiguation of Pages with 8 entries: 0 0 0 28 28 28 8 1 7 1 0 1 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 0 0 0 28 28 28 7 0 7 0 0 0 Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 0 33 33 33 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 0 33 33 33 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 0 33 33 33 Disambiguation of Japanese terms read with kun'yomi: 0 33 33 33 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with 1 kanji: 0 33 33 33 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with multiple readings: 0 33 33 33 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 0 31 34 34 Disambiguation of Whales: 0 33 33 33
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 3
{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "Jōyō kanji",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese jōyō kanji",
          "parents": [],
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      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "english": "whale bone",
          "roman": "geikotsu",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "鯨",
              "げい"
            ],
            [
              "骨",
              "こつ"
            ]
          ],
          "translation": "whale bone",
          "word": "鯨骨"
        },
        {
          "english": "whale meat",
          "roman": "geiniku",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "鯨",
              "げい"
            ],
            [
              "肉",
              "にく"
            ]
          ],
          "translation": "whale meat",
          "word": "鯨肉"
        },
        {
          "english": "whale oil",
          "roman": "geiyu",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "鯨",
              "げい"
            ],
            [
              "油",
              "ゆ"
            ]
          ],
          "translation": "whale oil",
          "word": "鯨油"
        },
        {
          "english": "white whale",
          "roman": "hakugei",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "白",
              "はく"
            ],
            [
              "鯨",
              "げい"
            ]
          ],
          "translation": "white whale",
          "word": "白鯨"
        },
        {
          "english": "whaling",
          "roman": "hogei",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "捕",
              "ほ"
            ],
            [
              "鯨",
              "げい"
            ]
          ],
          "translation": "whaling",
          "word": "捕鯨"
        }
      ],
      "id": "en-鯨-ja-character-47DEQpj8",
      "tags": [
        "kanji",
        "no-gloss"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "鯨"
}

{
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*kuntira",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/kuntira"
    ],
    [
      "口",
      "口#Japanese"
    ],
    [
      "広",
      "広#Japanese"
    ],
    [
      "口",
      "口#Japanese"
    ],
    [
      "開く",
      "開く#Japanese"
    ],
    [
      "黒白",
      "黒白#Japanese"
    ],
    [
      "cetacean",
      "cetacean"
    ],
    [
      "口",
      "口#Japanese"
    ],
    [
      "etymon",
      "etymon"
    ],
    [
      "白",
      "白#Japanese"
    ],
    [
      "etymon",
      "etymon"
    ],
    [
      "rendaku",
      "rendaku"
    ],
    [
      "白",
      "白#Japanese"
    ],
    [
      "고래",
      "고래#Korean"
    ]
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  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
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        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-"
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      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "jpx-pro",
        "3": "*kuntira"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Japonic *kuntira",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "口",
        "2": "",
        "3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "口",
      "name": "ja-l/helper"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "口"
      },
      "expansion": "口",
      "name": "ja-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "広",
        "2": "",
        "3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "広",
      "name": "ja-l/helper"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "広"
      },
      "expansion": "広",
      "name": "ja-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "口",
        "2": "",
        "3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "口",
      "name": "ja-l/helper"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "口"
      },
      "expansion": "口",
      "name": "ja-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "開く",
        "2": "",
        "3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "開く",
      "name": "ja-l/helper"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "開く"
      },
      "expansion": "開く",
      "name": "ja-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "黒白",
        "2": "",
        "3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "黒白",
      "name": "ja-l/helper"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "黒白"
      },
      "expansion": "黒白",
      "name": "ja-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "고래"
      },
      "expansion": "Korean 고래 (gorae)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "/kudira/ → /kud͡ʑira/\nFrom Old Japanese. Appears in the Kojiki of 712 CE with the man'yōgana spelling 久治良 (kudira). Hypothesized as ultimately from reconstructed Proto-Japonic *kuntira.\nUltimate derivation unclear. Theories include an alteration from 口広 (kuchibiro) in reference to the wide mouth; an alteration from 口開く (kuchibiraku) in reference to the gaping mouth; and an alteration from 黒白 (kuroshiro) in reference to the black-and-white coloration of certain cetaceans.\nHowever, the oldest sources clearly spell the term as kudira.\n* This rules out 口 (kuti → kuchi, “mouth”) as an etymon, as the oldest compounds using this term use the bound form kutu, not kuti, and there is no support for a kutu → kudi shift.\n* This also rules out 白 (siro, sira → shiro, shira, “white”) as an etymon. Although rendaku (voicing in compounds) would give modern jira as a reading for 白, the ancient reading of sira would voice to something closer to zira, and there is no support for a zira → dira shift.\nAlso compare Korean 고래 (gorae) \"whale.\"",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "鯨",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "鯨",
          "くじら"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "鯨 ^",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "鯨",
          "クジラ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kujira",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudira",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くぢら",
      "roman": "kudira",
      "tags": [
        "hiragana",
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "くじら",
        "2": "クジラ",
        "hhira": "くぢら"
      },
      "expansion": "鯨(くじら) or 鯨(クジラ) • (kujira) ^(←くぢら (kudira)?)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 0 28 28 28 8 1 7 1 0 1",
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        {
          "_dis": "0 0 0 28 28 28 7 0 7 0 0 0",
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          "name": "Pages with entries",
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        {
          "_dis": "0 33 33 33",
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        {
          "_dis": "0 33 33 33",
          "kind": "other",
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        {
          "_dis": "0 33 33 33",
          "kind": "other",
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          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 33 33 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms read with kun'yomi",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 33 33 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 33 33 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 31 34 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 33 33 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ja",
          "name": "Whales",
          "orig": "ja:Whales",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with Heiban pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "english": "Godzilla",
          "roman": "Gojira",
          "translation": "Godzilla",
          "word": "ゴジラ"
        },
        {
          "english": "whaling",
          "roman": "kujiratori",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "鯨",
              "くじら"
            ],
            [
              "取",
              "と"
            ]
          ],
          "translation": "whaling",
          "word": "鯨取り"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              6,
              9
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "898–901, Shinsen Jikyō, volume 9, page 1:",
          "text": "鼇 五労反 久地良（久知）",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              21,
              24
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "898–901, Shinsen Jikyō, volume 9, page 2:",
          "text": "鼇 敖龜字 背負甲 蓬莱之山遊戯 滄之中 久地良",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              26,
              29
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              127,
              133
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Whales and Whale-cows: The Tangyun calls them great fish. Males are called 鯨, fanqie kei, and Females are called 蜺, sound gei, kujira …",
          "ref": "938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 8, page 3:",
          "text": "鯨 鯢 唐韻云、大魚、雄曰鯨、渠京反、雌曰鯢、音蜺、久知良 […]",
          "translation": "Whales and Whale-cows: The Tangyun calls them great fish. Males are called 鯨, fanqie kei, and Females are called 蜺, sound gei, kujira …",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              6
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Kujira. Whale.",
          "ref": "1603, “cujira”, in Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki:",
          "text": "Cujira. Balea.",
          "translation": "Kujira. Whale.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a whale (large sea mammal)"
      ],
      "id": "en-鯨-ja-noun-DkjXTLny",
      "links": [
        [
          "whale",
          "whale"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[kɯ̟ʑiɾa̠]"
    },
    {
      "other": "くじら"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Kojiki",
    "man'yōgana",
    "Ōtsuki Fumihiko"
  ],
  "word": "鯨"
}

{
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "勇む",
      "勇む#Japanese"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "いさ"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. Root isa (“powerful?”) appears to be the same element in verb 勇む (isamu, “to be courageous, to be in high spirits”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "鯨",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "鯨",
          "いさ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "isa",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "いさ"
      },
      "expansion": "鯨(いさ) • (isa)",
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  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
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        {
          "_dis": "0 0 0 28 28 28 8 1 7 1 0 1",
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        {
          "_dis": "0 33 33 33",
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        {
          "_dis": "0 33 33 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 31 34 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 33 33 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ja",
          "name": "Whales",
          "orig": "ja:Whales",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "english": "see below",
          "roman": "isana",
          "translation": "see below",
          "word": "勇魚: whale"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a whale (large sea mammal)"
      ],
      "id": "en-鯨-ja-noun-DkjXTLny1",
      "links": [
        [
          "whale",
          "whale"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) a whale (large sea mammal)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[isa̠]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "鯨"
}

{
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "魚",
      "魚#Japanese"
    ],
    [
      "勇魚",
      "勇魚#Japanese"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_number": "3",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "いさな"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "勇魚",
        "2": "",
        "3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "勇魚",
      "name": "ja-l/helper"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "勇魚"
      },
      "expansion": "勇魚",
      "name": "ja-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū completed some time after 759 CE, often with the spelling 鯨魚 (literally “whale fish”).\nFrom cognate isa above, suffixed with 魚 (-na, “fish”). Sometimes spelled as 勇魚.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "鯨",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "鯨",
          "いさな"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "isana",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "勇魚",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "kanji"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "いさな"
      },
      "expansion": "鯨(いさな) • (isana)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 0 28 28 28 8 1 7 1 0 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 8 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 0 28 28 28 7 0 7 0 0 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 33 33 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 33 33 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 33 33 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 33 33 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms read with kun'yomi",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 33 33 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 33 33 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 31 34 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 33 33 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ja",
          "name": "Whales",
          "orig": "ja:Whales",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "isana tori",
          "word": "鯨取り"
        },
        {
          "roman": "isana tori",
          "word": "勇魚取り: whaling"
        },
        {
          "word": "an epithet for the sea"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "; text here\n玉桙之 道尓出立 葦引乃 野行山行 潦 川徃渉 鯨名取 海路丹出而...\n玉桙の 道に出で立ち あしひきの 野行き山行き にはたづみ 川行き渡り 鯨魚取り 海道に出でて...\nたまほこの みちにいでたち あしひきの のゆきやまゆき にはたづみ かはゆきわたり いさなとり うみぢにいでて...\nTamahoko no / michi ni idetachi / ashi hiki no / no yuki yama yuki / niwatazumi / kawa yuki watari / isana tori umiji ni idete...\nHeading out on the jeweled-spear road, going through the alluring fields and mountains, crossing the puddles and rivers, taking to the whaling sea road ..."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a whale (large sea mammal)"
      ],
      "id": "en-鯨-ja-noun-DkjXTLny1",
      "links": [
        [
          "whale",
          "whale"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) a whale (large sea mammal)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[isa̠na̠]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Daijirin",
    "Man'yōshū"
  ],
  "word": "鯨"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese jōyō kanji",
    "Japanese kanji",
    "Japanese kanji with goon reading ぎょう",
    "Japanese kanji with historical goon reading ぎやう",
    "Japanese kanji with historical kun reading おくぢら",
    "Japanese kanji with historical kun reading くぢら",
    "Japanese kanji with kan'on reading けい",
    "Japanese kanji with kan'yōon reading げい",
    "Japanese kanji with kun reading いさ",
    "Japanese kanji with kun reading いさな",
    "Japanese kanji with kun reading おくじら",
    "Japanese kanji with kun reading くじら",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese single-kanji terms",
    "Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms read with kun'yomi",
    "Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with 鯨",
    "Japanese terms spelled with 鯨 read as いさな",
    "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
    "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
    "Pages with 8 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "ja:Whales"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "whale bone",
      "roman": "geikotsu",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "鯨",
          "げい"
        ],
        [
          "骨",
          "こつ"
        ]
      ],
      "translation": "whale bone",
      "word": "鯨骨"
    },
    {
      "english": "whale meat",
      "roman": "geiniku",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "鯨",
          "げい"
        ],
        [
          "肉",
          "にく"
        ]
      ],
      "translation": "whale meat",
      "word": "鯨肉"
    },
    {
      "english": "whale oil",
      "roman": "geiyu",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "鯨",
          "げい"
        ],
        [
          "油",
          "ゆ"
        ]
      ],
      "translation": "whale oil",
      "word": "鯨油"
    },
    {
      "english": "white whale",
      "roman": "hakugei",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "白",
          "はく"
        ],
        [
          "鯨",
          "げい"
        ]
      ],
      "translation": "white whale",
      "word": "白鯨"
    },
    {
      "english": "whaling",
      "roman": "hogei",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "捕",
          "ほ"
        ],
        [
          "鯨",
          "げい"
        ]
      ],
      "translation": "whaling",
      "word": "捕鯨"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "Jōyō kanji",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "kanji",
        "no-gloss"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "鯨"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese single-kanji terms",
    "Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
    "Japanese terms historically spelled with ぢ",
    "Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
    "Japanese terms read with kun'yomi",
    "Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with 鯨",
    "Japanese terms spelled with 鯨 read as いさな",
    "Japanese terms spelled with 鯨 read as くじら",
    "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
    "Japanese terms with Heiban pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent",
    "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Pages with 8 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "ja:Whales"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "Godzilla",
      "roman": "Gojira",
      "translation": "Godzilla",
      "word": "ゴジラ"
    },
    {
      "english": "whaling",
      "roman": "kujiratori",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "鯨",
          "くじら"
        ],
        [
          "取",
          "と"
        ]
      ],
      "translation": "whaling",
      "word": "鯨取り"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*kuntira",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/kuntira"
    ],
    [
      "口",
      "口#Japanese"
    ],
    [
      "広",
      "広#Japanese"
    ],
    [
      "口",
      "口#Japanese"
    ],
    [
      "開く",
      "開く#Japanese"
    ],
    [
      "黒白",
      "黒白#Japanese"
    ],
    [
      "cetacean",
      "cetacean"
    ],
    [
      "口",
      "口#Japanese"
    ],
    [
      "etymon",
      "etymon"
    ],
    [
      "白",
      "白#Japanese"
    ],
    [
      "etymon",
      "etymon"
    ],
    [
      "rendaku",
      "rendaku"
    ],
    [
      "白",
      "白#Japanese"
    ],
    [
      "고래",
      "고래#Korean"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "jpx-pro",
        "3": "*kuntira"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Japonic *kuntira",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "口",
        "2": "",
        "3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "口",
      "name": "ja-l/helper"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "口"
      },
      "expansion": "口",
      "name": "ja-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "広",
        "2": "",
        "3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "広",
      "name": "ja-l/helper"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "広"
      },
      "expansion": "広",
      "name": "ja-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "口",
        "2": "",
        "3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "口",
      "name": "ja-l/helper"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "口"
      },
      "expansion": "口",
      "name": "ja-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "開く",
        "2": "",
        "3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "開く",
      "name": "ja-l/helper"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "開く"
      },
      "expansion": "開く",
      "name": "ja-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "黒白",
        "2": "",
        "3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "黒白",
      "name": "ja-l/helper"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "黒白"
      },
      "expansion": "黒白",
      "name": "ja-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "고래"
      },
      "expansion": "Korean 고래 (gorae)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "/kudira/ → /kud͡ʑira/\nFrom Old Japanese. Appears in the Kojiki of 712 CE with the man'yōgana spelling 久治良 (kudira). Hypothesized as ultimately from reconstructed Proto-Japonic *kuntira.\nUltimate derivation unclear. Theories include an alteration from 口広 (kuchibiro) in reference to the wide mouth; an alteration from 口開く (kuchibiraku) in reference to the gaping mouth; and an alteration from 黒白 (kuroshiro) in reference to the black-and-white coloration of certain cetaceans.\nHowever, the oldest sources clearly spell the term as kudira.\n* This rules out 口 (kuti → kuchi, “mouth”) as an etymon, as the oldest compounds using this term use the bound form kutu, not kuti, and there is no support for a kutu → kudi shift.\n* This also rules out 白 (siro, sira → shiro, shira, “white”) as an etymon. Although rendaku (voicing in compounds) would give modern jira as a reading for 白, the ancient reading of sira would voice to something closer to zira, and there is no support for a zira → dira shift.\nAlso compare Korean 고래 (gorae) \"whale.\"",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "鯨",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "鯨",
          "くじら"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "鯨 ^",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "鯨",
          "クジラ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kujira",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudira",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くぢら",
      "roman": "kudira",
      "tags": [
        "hiragana",
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "くじら",
        "2": "クジラ",
        "hhira": "くぢら"
      },
      "expansion": "鯨(くじら) or 鯨(クジラ) • (kujira) ^(←くぢら (kudira)?)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with quotations",
        "Requests for translations of Japanese quotations",
        "Requests for transliteration of Japanese quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              6,
              9
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "898–901, Shinsen Jikyō, volume 9, page 1:",
          "text": "鼇 五労反 久地良（久知）",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              21,
              24
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "898–901, Shinsen Jikyō, volume 9, page 2:",
          "text": "鼇 敖龜字 背負甲 蓬莱之山遊戯 滄之中 久地良",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              26,
              29
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              127,
              133
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Whales and Whale-cows: The Tangyun calls them great fish. Males are called 鯨, fanqie kei, and Females are called 蜺, sound gei, kujira …",
          "ref": "938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 8, page 3:",
          "text": "鯨 鯢 唐韻云、大魚、雄曰鯨、渠京反、雌曰鯢、音蜺、久知良 […]",
          "translation": "Whales and Whale-cows: The Tangyun calls them great fish. Males are called 鯨, fanqie kei, and Females are called 蜺, sound gei, kujira …",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              6
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Kujira. Whale.",
          "ref": "1603, “cujira”, in Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki:",
          "text": "Cujira. Balea.",
          "translation": "Kujira. Whale.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a whale (large sea mammal)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "whale",
          "whale"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[kɯ̟ʑiɾa̠]"
    },
    {
      "other": "くじら"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Kojiki",
    "man'yōgana",
    "Ōtsuki Fumihiko"
  ],
  "word": "鯨"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese single-kanji terms",
    "Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms read with kun'yomi",
    "Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with 鯨",
    "Japanese terms spelled with 鯨 read as いさ",
    "Japanese terms spelled with 鯨 read as いさな",
    "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
    "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Pages with 8 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "ja:Whales"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "see below",
      "roman": "isana",
      "translation": "see below",
      "word": "勇魚: whale"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "勇む",
      "勇む#Japanese"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "いさ"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. Root isa (“powerful?”) appears to be the same element in verb 勇む (isamu, “to be courageous, to be in high spirits”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "鯨",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "鯨",
          "いさ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "isa",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "いさ"
      },
      "expansion": "鯨(いさ) • (isa)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with archaic senses",
        "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a whale (large sea mammal)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "whale",
          "whale"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) a whale (large sea mammal)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[isa̠]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "鯨"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese single-kanji terms",
    "Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms read with kun'yomi",
    "Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with 鯨",
    "Japanese terms spelled with 鯨 read as いさな",
    "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
    "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Pages with 8 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "ja:Whales"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "isana tori",
      "word": "鯨取り"
    },
    {
      "roman": "isana tori",
      "word": "勇魚取り: whaling"
    },
    {
      "word": "an epithet for the sea"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "魚",
      "魚#Japanese"
    ],
    [
      "勇魚",
      "勇魚#Japanese"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_number": "3",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "いさな"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "勇魚",
        "2": "",
        "3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "勇魚",
      "name": "ja-l/helper"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "勇魚"
      },
      "expansion": "勇魚",
      "name": "ja-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū completed some time after 759 CE, often with the spelling 鯨魚 (literally “whale fish”).\nFrom cognate isa above, suffixed with 魚 (-na, “fish”). Sometimes spelled as 勇魚.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "鯨",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "鯨",
          "いさな"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "isana",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "勇魚",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "kanji"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "いさな"
      },
      "expansion": "鯨(いさな) • (isana)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with archaic senses",
        "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
        "Old Japanese terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "; text here\n玉桙之 道尓出立 葦引乃 野行山行 潦 川徃渉 鯨名取 海路丹出而...\n玉桙の 道に出で立ち あしひきの 野行き山行き にはたづみ 川行き渡り 鯨魚取り 海道に出でて...\nたまほこの みちにいでたち あしひきの のゆきやまゆき にはたづみ かはゆきわたり いさなとり うみぢにいでて...\nTamahoko no / michi ni idetachi / ashi hiki no / no yuki yama yuki / niwatazumi / kawa yuki watari / isana tori umiji ni idete...\nHeading out on the jeweled-spear road, going through the alluring fields and mountains, crossing the puddles and rivers, taking to the whaling sea road ..."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a whale (large sea mammal)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "whale",
          "whale"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) a whale (large sea mammal)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[isa̠na̠]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Daijirin",
    "Man'yōshū"
  ],
  "word": "鯨"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 鯨 meaning in Japanese (13.2kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.