See 苦い in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"english": "sweet",
"roman": "amai",
"ruby": [
[
"甘",
"あま"
]
],
"word": "甘い"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*ninka",
"sort": "にがい"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *ninka",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"2": "*niga",
"sort": "にがい"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Ryukyuan *niga",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *ninka; cognate with Proto-Ryukyuan *niga.\nFirst cited to a text from 858.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "苦い",
"ruby": [
[
"苦",
"にが"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "nigai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "苦く",
"roman": "nigaku",
"ruby": [
[
"苦",
"にが"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "苦かろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "にがかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "nigakaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "苦く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "にがく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "nigaku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "にがい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "nigai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "にがい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "nigai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "苦けれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "にがけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "nigakere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "苦かれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "にがかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "nigakare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦くない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "にがくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "nigaku nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦かった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "にがかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "nigakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "苦くなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "にがくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "nigaku nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "苦いです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "にがいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "nigai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "苦くないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "にがくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "nigaku nai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦かったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "にがかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "nigakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "苦くなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "にがくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "nigaku nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "苦くて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "にがくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "nigakute",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "苦ければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "にがければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "nigakereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "苦かったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "にがかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "nigakattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "苦かろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "にがかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "nigakarō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "苦く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "にがく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "nigaku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "苦さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "にがさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "nigasa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "苦く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "苦から",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "にがく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "にがから",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "nigaku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "nigakara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "苦く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "苦かり",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "にがく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "にがかり",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "nigaku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "nigakari",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦し",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "にがし",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "nigasi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦き",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "苦かる",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "にがき",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "にがかる",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "nigaki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "nigakaru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "苦けれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "にがけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "nigakere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "苦かれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "にがかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "nigakare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦からず",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "にがからず",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "nigakarazu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦けれど",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "にがけれど",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "nigakeredo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "苦ければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "にがければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "nigakereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦くば",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "にがくば",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "nigakuba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "苦かりき",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "にがかりき",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "nigakariki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "苦かりけり",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "にがかりけり",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "nigakarikeri",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "苦く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "にがく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "nigaku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "にがい",
"infl": "i"
},
"expansion": "苦(にが)い • (nigai) -i (adverbial 苦(にが)く (nigaku))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": "く",
"attributive": "い",
"conditional": "ければ",
"conjunctive": "くて",
"continuative": "く",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": "い です",
"formal_negative": "く ない です",
"formal_negative_past": "く なかった です",
"formal_past": "かった です",
"hypothetical": "けれ",
"imperative": "かれ",
"imperfective": "かろ",
"informal_negative": "く ない",
"informal_negative_past": "く なかった",
"informal_past": "かった",
"kana": "にが",
"lemma": "苦",
"provisional": "かったら",
"terminal": "い",
"volitional": "かろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "にが",
"2": "adj-ku",
"3": "苦"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "bitter coffee",
"roman": "nigai kōhī",
"ruby": [
[
"苦",
"にが"
]
],
"text": "苦いコーヒー",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "bitter experience",
"roman": "nigai keiken",
"ruby": [
[
"苦",
"にが"
],
[
"経験",
"けいけん"
]
],
"text": "苦い経験",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bitter"
],
"id": "en-苦い-ja-adj-u-jpUx4B",
"links": [
[
"bitter",
"bitter"
]
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "nigari",
"word": "にがり"
},
{
"roman": "shibui",
"ruby": [
[
"渋",
"しぶ"
]
],
"word": "渋い"
},
{
"roman": "amai",
"ruby": [
[
"甘",
"あま"
]
],
"word": "甘い"
},
{
"roman": "suppai",
"ruby": [
[
"酸",
"す"
]
],
"word": "酸っぱい"
},
{
"roman": "shoppai",
"ruby": [
[
"塩",
"しょ"
]
],
"word": "塩っぱい"
},
{
"roman": "karai",
"ruby": [
[
"辛",
"から"
]
],
"word": "辛い"
},
{
"roman": "umami",
"ruby": [
[
"旨味",
"うまみ"
]
],
"word": "旨味"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "にがい"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɲ̟iɡa̠i]"
}
],
"word": "苦い"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"english": "sweet",
"roman": "amai",
"ruby": [
[
"甘",
"あま"
]
],
"word": "甘い"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*ninka",
"sort": "にがい"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *ninka",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"2": "*niga",
"sort": "にがい"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Ryukyuan *niga",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *ninka; cognate with Proto-Ryukyuan *niga.\nFirst cited to a text from 858.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "苦い",
"ruby": [
[
"苦",
"にが"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "nigai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "苦く",
"roman": "nigaku",
"ruby": [
[
"苦",
"にが"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "苦かろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "にがかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "nigakaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "苦く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "にがく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "nigaku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "にがい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "nigai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "にがい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "nigai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "苦けれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "にがけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "nigakere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "苦かれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "にがかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "nigakare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦くない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "にがくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "nigaku nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦かった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "にがかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "nigakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "苦くなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "にがくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "nigaku nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "苦いです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "にがいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "nigai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "苦くないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "にがくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "nigaku nai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦かったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "にがかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "nigakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "苦くなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "にがくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "nigaku nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "苦くて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "にがくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "nigakute",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "苦ければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "にがければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "nigakereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "苦かったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "にがかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "nigakattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "苦かろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "にがかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "nigakarō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "苦く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "にがく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "nigaku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "苦さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "にがさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "nigasa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "苦く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "苦から",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "にがく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "にがから",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "nigaku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "nigakara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "苦く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "苦かり",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "にがく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "にがかり",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "nigaku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "nigakari",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦し",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "にがし",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "nigasi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦き",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "苦かる",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "にがき",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "にがかる",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "nigaki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "nigakaru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "苦けれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "にがけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "nigakere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "苦かれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "にがかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "nigakare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦からず",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "にがからず",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "nigakarazu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦けれど",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "にがけれど",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "nigakeredo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "苦ければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "にがければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "nigakereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "苦くば",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "にがくば",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "nigakuba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "苦かりき",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "にがかりき",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "nigakariki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "苦かりけり",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "にがかりけり",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "nigakarikeri",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "苦く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "にがく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "nigaku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "にがい",
"infl": "i"
},
"expansion": "苦(にが)い • (nigai) -i (adverbial 苦(にが)く (nigaku))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": "く",
"attributive": "い",
"conditional": "ければ",
"conjunctive": "くて",
"continuative": "く",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": "い です",
"formal_negative": "く ない です",
"formal_negative_past": "く なかった です",
"formal_past": "かった です",
"hypothetical": "けれ",
"imperative": "かれ",
"imperfective": "かろ",
"informal_negative": "く ない",
"informal_negative_past": "く なかった",
"informal_past": "かった",
"kana": "にが",
"lemma": "苦",
"provisional": "かったら",
"terminal": "い",
"volitional": "かろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "にが",
"2": "adj-ku",
"3": "苦"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"roman": "nigari",
"word": "にがり"
},
{
"roman": "shibui",
"ruby": [
[
"渋",
"しぶ"
]
],
"word": "渋い"
},
{
"roman": "amai",
"ruby": [
[
"甘",
"あま"
]
],
"word": "甘い"
},
{
"roman": "suppai",
"ruby": [
[
"酸",
"す"
]
],
"word": "酸っぱい"
},
{
"roman": "shoppai",
"ruby": [
[
"塩",
"しょ"
]
],
"word": "塩っぱい"
},
{
"roman": "karai",
"ruby": [
[
"辛",
"から"
]
],
"word": "辛い"
},
{
"roman": "umami",
"ruby": [
[
"旨味",
"うまみ"
]
],
"word": "旨味"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with usage examples",
"Japanese い-i adjectives",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "bitter coffee",
"roman": "nigai kōhī",
"ruby": [
[
"苦",
"にが"
]
],
"text": "苦いコーヒー",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "bitter experience",
"roman": "nigai keiken",
"ruby": [
[
"苦",
"にが"
],
[
"経験",
"けいけん"
]
],
"text": "苦い経験",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bitter"
],
"links": [
[
"bitter",
"bitter"
]
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "にがい"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɲ̟iɡa̠i]"
}
],
"word": "苦い"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 苦い meaning in Japanese (11.6kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"苦い"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "苦い",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2530",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: ^([1])Without auxiliary verb. ^([2])With auxiliary verb., style: text-align:left;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"苦い"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "苦い",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (3dadd05 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.