See 研究 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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{
"args": {
"1": "研"
},
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"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 研究 (ngen *kiuᴴ?). Compare modern Hakka ngiên-kiu, Eastern Min ngiĕng-géu, Min Nan gián-kiù.\nThe original on'yomi for the first character 研 was gen, more closely matching the Chinese origins. For reasons unknown, the reading shifted from gen to a kan'yō yomi of ken.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "研究",
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"研",
"けん"
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[
"究",
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"form": "kenkyū",
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"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"categories": [],
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{
"roman": "kenkyū kaihatsu",
"ruby": [
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"roman": "kenkyūsei",
"ruby": [
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{
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"word": "研究員"
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{
"roman": "kenkyūsha",
"ruby": [
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"examples": [
{
"english": "Research cannot advance without mistakes along the way.",
"ref": "1928, 寺田寅彦, 雑感",
"roman": "Machigaeru koto nashi ni wa kenkyū wa susumerarenai.",
"ruby": [
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[
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"進",
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"text": "間違える事なしには研究は進められない。"
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"glosses": [
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"id": "en-研究-ja-noun-LdieKR2J",
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{
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{
"args": {
"1": "研"
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"研",
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{
"form": "研究した",
"roman": "kenkyū shita",
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},
{
"form": "研究し",
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{
"form": "研究する",
"source": "conjugation",
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},
{
"form": "けんきゅうする",
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{
"form": "kenkyū suru",
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},
{
"form": "研究すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "けんきゅうすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "kenkyū sure",
"source": "conjugation",
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},
{
"form": "研究せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
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},
{
"form": "研究しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
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"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
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},
{
"form": "けんきゅうせよ",
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{
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},
{
"form": "kenkyū seyo",
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"imperative",
"literary"
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},
{
"form": "kenkyū shiro",
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"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
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},
{
"form": "研究される",
"source": "conjugation",
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]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "研究させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "研究さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
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},
{
"form": "研究できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "けんきゅうできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "研究しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
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},
{
"form": "けんきゅうしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
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},
{
"form": "kenkyū shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "研究しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "研究せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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},
{
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{
"form": "kenkyū sezu",
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},
{
"form": "研究します",
"source": "conjugation",
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},
{
"form": "けんきゅうします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
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},
{
"form": "kenkyū shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "研究した",
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{
"form": "kenkyū shite",
"source": "conjugation",
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},
{
"form": "研究すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
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},
{
"form": "けんきゅうすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
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"hypothetical"
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{
"form": "kenkyū sureba",
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}
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"ref": "1931, 宮本百合子, 五ヵ年計画とソヴェトの芸術",
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}
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],
"id": "en-研究-ja-verb-452saFqr",
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{
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},
{
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"ruby": [
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"研究員",
"けんきゅういん"
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"word": "研究員"
},
{
"roman": "kenkyūsha",
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"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 研究 (ngen *kiuᴴ?). Compare modern Hakka ngiên-kiu, Eastern Min ngiĕng-géu, Min Nan gián-kiù.\nThe original on'yomi for the first character 研 was gen, more closely matching the Chinese origins. For reasons unknown, the reading shifted from gen to a kan'yō yomi of ken.",
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"ref": "1928, 寺田寅彦, 雑感",
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"text": "間違える事なしには研究は進められない。"
}
],
"glosses": [
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{
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{
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"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 研究 (ngen *kiuᴴ?). Compare modern Hakka ngiên-kiu, Eastern Min ngiĕng-géu, Min Nan gián-kiù.\nThe original on'yomi for the first character 研 was gen, more closely matching the Chinese origins. For reasons unknown, the reading shifted from gen to a kan'yō yomi of ken.",
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"けん"
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[
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],
"tags": [
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},
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"form": "kenkyū suru",
"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "研究し",
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[
"研",
"けん"
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[
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"きゅう"
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"roman": "kenkyū shita",
"ruby": [
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[
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"きゅう"
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],
"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
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]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
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]
},
{
"form": "研究し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "研究する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研究すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研究せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "研究しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "研究される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "研究させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "研究さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "研究できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "研究しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "研究しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研究せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研究します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "研究した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "研究して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "研究すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "These works have been studied.",
"ref": "1931, 宮本百合子, 五ヵ年計画とソヴェトの芸術",
"roman": "Korera no sakuhin ga kenkyū sareta.",
"ruby": [
[
"作品",
"さくひん"
],
[
"研究",
"けんきゅう"
]
],
"text": "これらの作品が研究された。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to research, to study"
],
"links": [
[
"research",
"research"
],
[
"study",
"study"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "けんきゅう"
},
{
"ipa": "[kẽ̞ŋʲkʲɨː]"
}
],
"word": "研究"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 研究 meaning in Japanese (9.6kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"研究"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "研究",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"研究"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研究",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"研究"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研究",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"研究"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研究",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"研究"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研究",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"研究"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研究",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"研究"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研究",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.