See まる in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
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"args": {
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"2": "ja-cla",
"3": "む"
},
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{
"args": {
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"2": "ごだんかつよう",
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{
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},
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"etymology_text": "From Classical Japanese む, following development of 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) to 五段活用(ごだんかつよう) (godankatsuyō, “pentagrade conjugation”) verbs. Doublet of める.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "まる godan",
"tags": [
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},
{
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"tags": [
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},
{
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},
{
"form": "まった",
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"form": "ja-verbconj-row",
"source": "conjugation",
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{
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{
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{
"form": "まり",
"source": "conjugation",
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{
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"source": "conjugation",
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{
"form": "まる",
"source": "conjugation",
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{
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"source": "conjugation",
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{
"form": "まる",
"source": "conjugation",
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{
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"source": "conjugation",
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{
"form": "まれ",
"source": "conjugation",
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},
{
"form": "-mare",
"source": "conjugation",
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{
"form": "まれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "-mare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "まられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "-marareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "まらせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "まらす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "-maraseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "-marasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "まれる",
"source": "conjugation",
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{
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"source": "conjugation",
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{
"form": "まろう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "-marō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "まらない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "-maranai",
"source": "conjugation",
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"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "まらず",
"source": "conjugation",
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"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "-marazu",
"source": "conjugation",
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"negative"
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},
{
"form": "まります",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "-marimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "まった",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "-matta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "まって",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-matte",
"source": "conjugation",
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{
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"source": "conjugation",
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"args": {
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"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "まる • (-maru) godan (stem まり (-mari), past まった (-matta))",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
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"円",
"○",
"放る",
"虎子",
"麻呂",
"万瑠",
"摩留",
"痲瑠",
"眞瑠",
"真琉",
"真瑠",
"茉瑠",
"麻瑠",
"麻留"
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with ignored alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
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{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
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{
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"parents": [],
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{
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],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "atatamaru",
"ruby": [
[
"暖",
"あたた"
]
],
"word": "暖まる"
},
{
"roman": "aratamaru",
"word": "あらたまる"
},
{
"roman": "fukamaru",
"ruby": [
[
"深",
"ふか"
]
],
"word": "深まる"
},
{
"roman": "hayamaru",
"word": "はやまる"
},
{
"roman": "katamaru",
"ruby": [
[
"固",
"かた"
]
],
"word": "固まる"
},
{
"roman": "usumaru",
"ruby": [
[
"薄",
"うす"
]
],
"word": "薄まる"
},
{
"roman": "takamaru",
"ruby": [
[
"高",
"たか"
]
],
"word": "高まる"
},
{
"roman": "yurumaru",
"ruby": [
[
"緩",
"ゆる"
]
],
"word": "緩まる"
},
{
"roman": "yowamaru",
"ruby": [
[
"弱",
"よわ"
]
],
"word": "弱まる"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "はやい (“fast”) -> はやまる (to hasten, speed up (intransitive))"
},
{
"text": "かたい (“hard”) -> 固まる (“to harden, become firm”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms intransitive 五段活用(ごだんかつよう) (godankatsuyō, “pentagrade conjugation”) verbs from i-adjective roots, denoting becoming that adjective; -ify, -en."
],
"id": "en-まる-ja-suffix-brIXAX9g",
"links": [
[
"五段活用(ごだんかつよう)",
"五段活用#Japanese"
],
[
"roots",
"root"
],
[
"-ify",
"-ify"
],
[
"-en",
"-en"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "める"
},
{
"word": "む"
},
{
"word": "み"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "まる"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"roman": "atatamaru",
"ruby": [
[
"暖",
"あたた"
]
],
"word": "暖まる"
},
{
"roman": "aratamaru",
"word": "あらたまる"
},
{
"roman": "fukamaru",
"ruby": [
[
"深",
"ふか"
]
],
"word": "深まる"
},
{
"roman": "hayamaru",
"word": "はやまる"
},
{
"roman": "katamaru",
"ruby": [
[
"固",
"かた"
]
],
"word": "固まる"
},
{
"roman": "usumaru",
"ruby": [
[
"薄",
"うす"
]
],
"word": "薄まる"
},
{
"roman": "takamaru",
"ruby": [
[
"高",
"たか"
]
],
"word": "高まる"
},
{
"roman": "yurumaru",
"ruby": [
[
"緩",
"ゆる"
]
],
"word": "緩まる"
},
{
"roman": "yowamaru",
"ruby": [
[
"弱",
"よわ"
]
],
"word": "弱まる"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
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"2": "ja-cla",
"3": "む"
},
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{
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"1": "ja",
"2": "める"
},
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],
"etymology_text": "From Classical Japanese む, following development of 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) to 五段活用(ごだんかつよう) (godankatsuyō, “pentagrade conjugation”) verbs. Doublet of める.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "まる godan",
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},
{
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"romanization"
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{
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{
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"past"
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{
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{
"form": "ja-verbconj-row",
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"tags": [
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{
"form": "まら",
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},
{
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"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "まり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
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},
{
"form": "-mari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "まる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "-maru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "まる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "-maru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "まれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "-mare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "まれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-mare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "まられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "-marareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "まらせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "まらす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "-maraseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "-marasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "まれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "-mareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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]
},
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"source": "conjugation",
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]
},
{
"form": "まらない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
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"source": "conjugation",
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{
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"source": "conjugation",
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"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "-marazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "まります",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "-marimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "まった",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "-matta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "まって",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-matte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "まれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "-mareba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "まる • (-maru) godan (stem まり (-mari), past まった (-matta))",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"redirects": [
"丸",
"円",
"○",
"放る",
"虎子",
"麻呂",
"万瑠",
"摩留",
"痲瑠",
"眞瑠",
"真琉",
"真瑠",
"茉瑠",
"麻瑠",
"麻留"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "める"
},
{
"word": "む"
},
{
"word": "み"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese doublets",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with ignored alt parameters",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Classical Japanese",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "はやい (“fast”) -> はやまる (to hasten, speed up (intransitive))"
},
{
"text": "かたい (“hard”) -> 固まる (“to harden, become firm”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms intransitive 五段活用(ごだんかつよう) (godankatsuyō, “pentagrade conjugation”) verbs from i-adjective roots, denoting becoming that adjective; -ify, -en."
],
"links": [
[
"五段活用(ごだんかつよう)",
"五段活用#Japanese"
],
[
"roots",
"root"
],
[
"-ify",
"-ify"
],
[
"-en",
"-en"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "まる"
}
Download raw JSONL data for まる meaning in Japanese (5.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-04-01 using wiktextract (7de0cf9 and 9452535). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.