See ひかえる in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "waiting room",
"roman": "hikaeshitsu",
"ruby": [
[
"控",
"ひか"
],
[
"室",
"しつ"
]
],
"word": "控え室"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "控ふ",
"sort": "ひかえる",
"t": "",
"tr": "hikapu"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese 控ふ (hikapu)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese 控ふ (hikapu), in the 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) pattern.\nDevelopment\nNatural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.\nAlso conjugated as 控ゆ (hikayu), following 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”), since the Muromachi period.\nDerived as a compound of the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of 引く (hiku, “to pull”) + ふ (-fu, repetitious suffix), with the 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) pattern. Compare 抑える (osaeru, “to hold back”), from 押す (osu, “to push”), and 伝える (tsutaeru, “to communicate”), from earlier 伝つ (tutu, “to communicate”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hikaeru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "fikaferu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ひかえ",
"roman": "hikae",
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ひかえた",
"roman": "hikaeta",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-ichi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ひかえ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hikae",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ひかえる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hikaeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ひかえれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hikaere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ひかえよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "ひかえろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "hikaeyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "hikaero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "ひかえられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "hikaerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "ひかえさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ひかえさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "hikaesaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "hikaesasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ひかえられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "ひかえれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "hikaerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "hikaereru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "ひかえよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "hikaeyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ひかえない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ひかえぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ひかえん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hikaenai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hikaenu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hikaen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ひかえず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hikaezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ひかえます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "hikaemasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ひかえた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "hikaeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "ひかえて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hikaete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ひかえれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "hikaereba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hhira": "ひかへる",
"tr": "both",
"type": "2"
},
"expansion": "ひかえる • (hikaeru) ^(←ひかへる (fikaferu)?)transitive or intransitive ichidan (stem ひかえ (hikae), past ひかえた (hikaeta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"wait nearby"
],
"id": "en-ひかえる-ja-verb-Lv3nYWfe",
"links": [
[
"wait",
"wait"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) wait nearby"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"be nearby, be at hand"
],
"id": "en-ひかえる-ja-verb-0GTDUwql",
"links": [
[
"at hand",
"at hand"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) be nearby, be at hand"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "women facing childbirth",
"roman": "shussan o hikaeta fujin",
"ruby": [
[
"出",
"しゅっ"
],
[
"産",
"さん"
],
[
"婦",
"ふ"
],
[
"人",
"じん"
]
],
"text": "出産をひかえた婦人",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"deal with, face, contend with"
],
"id": "en-ひかえる-ja-verb-I6wAZhco",
"links": [
[
"deal with",
"deal with"
],
[
"face",
"face"
],
[
"contend",
"contend"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) deal with, face, contend with"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "please do not clap to the beat",
"roman": "tebyōshi wa hikaete kudasai",
"ruby": [
[
"手",
"て"
],
[
"拍",
"びょう"
],
[
"子",
"し"
],
[
"控",
"ひか"
]
],
"text": "手拍子は控えてください",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"refrain, restrain (oneself or oneself’s actions)"
],
"id": "en-ひかえる-ja-verb-PuQY-Ppg",
"links": [
[
"refrain",
"refrain"
],
[
"restrain",
"restrain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) refrain, restrain (oneself or oneself’s actions)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "遠慮する"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"cut back"
],
"id": "en-ひかえる-ja-verb-Fn2Ded9D",
"links": [
[
"cut back",
"cut back"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) cut back"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 2 24 2 8 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 22 4 12 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 23 3 8 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 23 3 7 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 20 6 13 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms suffixed with ふ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 4 22 2 7 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 23 3 7 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 23 2 9 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 25 2 4 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"jot down"
],
"id": "en-ひかえる-ja-verb-TxijDCz3",
"links": [
[
"jot down",
"jot down"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) jot down"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "メモする"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ひかえる"
},
{
"other": "ひかえる"
},
{
"ipa": "[çi̥ka̠e̞ɾɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "ひかえる"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese ichidan verbs",
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese shimo ichidan verbs",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms suffixed with ふ",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese transitive verbs",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "waiting room",
"roman": "hikaeshitsu",
"ruby": [
[
"控",
"ひか"
],
[
"室",
"しつ"
]
],
"word": "控え室"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "控ふ",
"sort": "ひかえる",
"t": "",
"tr": "hikapu"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese 控ふ (hikapu)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese 控ふ (hikapu), in the 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) pattern.\nDevelopment\nNatural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.\nAlso conjugated as 控ゆ (hikayu), following 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”), since the Muromachi period.\nDerived as a compound of the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of 引く (hiku, “to pull”) + ふ (-fu, repetitious suffix), with the 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) pattern. Compare 抑える (osaeru, “to hold back”), from 押す (osu, “to push”), and 伝える (tsutaeru, “to communicate”), from earlier 伝つ (tutu, “to communicate”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hikaeru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "fikaferu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ひかえ",
"roman": "hikae",
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ひかえた",
"roman": "hikaeta",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-ichi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ひかえ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hikae",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ひかえる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hikaeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ひかえれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hikaere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ひかえよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "ひかえろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "hikaeyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "hikaero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "ひかえられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "hikaerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "ひかえさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ひかえさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "hikaesaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "hikaesasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ひかえられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "ひかえれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "hikaerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "hikaereru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "ひかえよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "hikaeyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ひかえない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ひかえぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ひかえん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hikaenai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hikaenu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hikaen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ひかえず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hikaezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ひかえます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "hikaemasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ひかえた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "hikaeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "ひかえて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hikaete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ひかえれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "hikaereba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hhira": "ひかへる",
"tr": "both",
"type": "2"
},
"expansion": "ひかえる • (hikaeru) ^(←ひかへる (fikaferu)?)transitive or intransitive ichidan (stem ひかえ (hikae), past ひかえた (hikaeta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"wait nearby"
],
"links": [
[
"wait",
"wait"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) wait nearby"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"be nearby, be at hand"
],
"links": [
[
"at hand",
"at hand"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) be nearby, be at hand"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples",
"Japanese transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "women facing childbirth",
"roman": "shussan o hikaeta fujin",
"ruby": [
[
"出",
"しゅっ"
],
[
"産",
"さん"
],
[
"婦",
"ふ"
],
[
"人",
"じん"
]
],
"text": "出産をひかえた婦人",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"deal with, face, contend with"
],
"links": [
[
"deal with",
"deal with"
],
[
"face",
"face"
],
[
"contend",
"contend"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) deal with, face, contend with"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples",
"Japanese transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "please do not clap to the beat",
"roman": "tebyōshi wa hikaete kudasai",
"ruby": [
[
"手",
"て"
],
[
"拍",
"びょう"
],
[
"子",
"し"
],
[
"控",
"ひか"
]
],
"text": "手拍子は控えてください",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"refrain, restrain (oneself or oneself’s actions)"
],
"links": [
[
"refrain",
"refrain"
],
[
"restrain",
"restrain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) refrain, restrain (oneself or oneself’s actions)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "遠慮する"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"cut back"
],
"links": [
[
"cut back",
"cut back"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) cut back"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"jot down"
],
"links": [
[
"jot down",
"jot down"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) jot down"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "メモする"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ひかえる"
},
{
"other": "ひかえる"
},
{
"ipa": "[çi̥ka̠e̞ɾɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "ひかえる"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ひかえる meaning in Japanese (7.7kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"ひかえる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ひかえる",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"ひかえる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ひかえる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"ひかえる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ひかえる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"ひかえる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ひかえる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"ひかえる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ひかえる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"ひかえる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ひかえる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"ひかえる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ひかえる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"ひかえる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ひかえる",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.