"鰊" meaning in Japanese

See in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Character

  1. herring Tags: Hyōgai, kanji, uncommon Categories (lifeform): Fish
    Sense id: en-鰊-ja-character-fkzeRpij Disambiguation of Fish: 19 41 41 Categories (other): Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese terms with redundant transliterations, Uncommon kanji Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 12 44 44

Noun

IPA: [ka̠do̞] Forms: [canonical] (ruby: (かど)), [canonical] (ruby: (カド)), kado [romanization]
Head templates: {{ja-noun|かど|カド}} 鰊(かど) or 鰊(カド) • (kado)
  1. (chiefly Tohōku) Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) Categories (lifeform): Fish Derived forms: かずの子, 数の子, (kazunoko) (english: herring roe)
    Sense id: en-鰊-ja-noun-UeqodH1R Disambiguation of Fish: 19 41 41 Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with multiple readings, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Pages with raw sortkeys, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 1 50 50 Disambiguation of Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup: 1 50 50 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 1 49 49 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with multiple readings: 2 49 49 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 12 44 44 Disambiguation of Pages with raw sortkeys: 5 48 48
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Noun

IPA: [ɲ̟iɕĩɴ] Forms: [canonical] (ruby: (にしん)), [canonical] (ruby: (ニシン)), nishin [romanization]
Etymology: Uncertain. * Probably from ニ親 (ni shin, two + parent, as in father and mother), due to the large number of herring offsprings. * Can also be from 煮渋 (ni shibu, boil(ed dish) + bitter). * From 二身 (ni shin, two + body), from the way it is prepared before cooking. * It can also be from a clipping of 西の海の魚 (nishi no umi no uo, literally, "fish of the west seas"). Etymology templates: {{unc|ja}} Uncertain, {{m|ja|ニ親|pos=two + parent, as in father and mother|tr=ni shin}} ニ親 (ni shin, two + parent, as in father and mother), {{m|ja|煮渋|pos=boil(ed dish) + bitter|tr=ni shibu}} 煮渋 (ni shibu, boil(ed dish) + bitter), {{m|ja|二身|pos=two + body|tr=ni shin}} 二身 (ni shin, two + body), {{m|ja|西の海の魚|pos=literally, "fish of the west seas"|tr=nishi no umi no uo}} 西の海の魚 (nishi no umi no uo, literally, "fish of the west seas") Head templates: {{ja-noun|にしん|ニシン}} 鰊(にしん) or 鰊(ニシン) • (nishin)
  1. Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) Categories (lifeform): Fish Synonyms: Derived forms: 鰊粕 (ruby: (にしん), (かす)) (english: dried and press boil herring), 鰊曇り (nishin-gumori) (ruby: (にしん), (ぐも)), 鰊蕎麦 (nishin-soba) (ruby: (にしん), 蕎麦(そば)), 身欠き鰊 (mikaki nishin) (ruby: (), (), (にしん)) (english: dried, slice herring)
    Sense id: en-鰊-ja-noun-UeqodH1R1 Disambiguation of Fish: 19 41 41 Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with multiple readings, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Pages with raw sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 1 50 50 Disambiguation of Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup: 1 50 50 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 1 49 49 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with multiple readings: 2 49 49 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 12 44 44 Disambiguation of Pages with raw sortkeys: 5 48 48
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Download JSON data for 鰊 meaning in Japanese (6.9kB)

{
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 44 44",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Uncommon kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 41 41",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "ja",
          "name": "Fish",
          "orig": "ja:Fish",
          "parents": [
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "herring"
      ],
      "id": "en-鰊-ja-character-fkzeRpij",
      "links": [
        [
          "herring",
          "herring"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Hyōgai",
        "kanji",
        "uncommon"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "鰊"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "鰊",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "鰊",
          "かど"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "鰊",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "鰊",
          "カド"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kado",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "かど",
        "2": "カド"
      },
      "expansion": "鰊(かど) or 鰊(カド) • (kado)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "1 50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 49 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 49 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 44 44",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 48 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 41 41",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "ja",
          "name": "Fish",
          "orig": "ja:Fish",
          "parents": [
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "かずの子"
        },
        {
          "word": "数の子"
        },
        {
          "english": "herring roe",
          "roman": "kazunoko",
          "word": "鯑"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii)"
      ],
      "id": "en-鰊-ja-noun-UeqodH1R",
      "links": [
        [
          "Pacific herring",
          "Pacific herring"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chiefly Tohōku) Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii)"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "かど"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ka̠do̞]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "鰊"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ニ親",
        "pos": "two + parent, as in father and mother",
        "tr": "ni shin"
      },
      "expansion": "ニ親 (ni shin, two + parent, as in father and mother)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "煮渋",
        "pos": "boil(ed dish) + bitter",
        "tr": "ni shibu"
      },
      "expansion": "煮渋 (ni shibu, boil(ed dish) + bitter)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "二身",
        "pos": "two + body",
        "tr": "ni shin"
      },
      "expansion": "二身 (ni shin, two + body)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "西の海の魚",
        "pos": "literally, \"fish of the west seas\"",
        "tr": "nishi no umi no uo"
      },
      "expansion": "西の海の魚 (nishi no umi no uo, literally, \"fish of the west seas\")",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain.\n* Probably from ニ親 (ni shin, two + parent, as in father and mother), due to the large number of herring offsprings.\n* Can also be from 煮渋 (ni shibu, boil(ed dish) + bitter).\n* From 二身 (ni shin, two + body), from the way it is prepared before cooking.\n* It can also be from a clipping of 西の海の魚 (nishi no umi no uo, literally, \"fish of the west seas\").",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "鰊",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "鰊",
          "にしん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "鰊",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "鰊",
          "ニシン"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nishin",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "にしん",
        "2": "ニシン"
      },
      "expansion": "鰊(にしん) or 鰊(ニシン) • (nishin)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "1 50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 49 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 49 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 44 44",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 48 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 41 41",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "ja",
          "name": "Fish",
          "orig": "ja:Fish",
          "parents": [
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "english": "dried and press boil herring",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "鰊",
              "にしん"
            ],
            [
              "粕",
              "かす"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "鰊粕"
        },
        {
          "roman": "nishin-gumori",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "鰊",
              "にしん"
            ],
            [
              "曇",
              "ぐも"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "鰊曇り"
        },
        {
          "roman": "nishin-soba",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "鰊",
              "にしん"
            ],
            [
              "蕎麦",
              "そば"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "鰊蕎麦"
        },
        {
          "english": "dried, slice herring",
          "roman": "mikaki nishin",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "身",
              "み"
            ],
            [
              "欠",
              "か"
            ],
            [
              "鰊",
              "にしん"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "身欠き鰊"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii)"
      ],
      "id": "en-鰊-ja-noun-UeqodH1R1",
      "links": [
        [
          "Pacific herring",
          "Pacific herring"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "鯡"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "にしん"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɲ̟iɕĩɴ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "鰊"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese Han characters",
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "Japanese kanji with goon reading れん",
    "Japanese kanji with kan'on reading れん",
    "Japanese kanji with kun reading にしん",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese single-kanji terms",
    "Japanese terms spelled with hyōgaiji kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with 鰊",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with unknown etymologies",
    "Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
    "Pages with raw sortkeys",
    "Uncommon kanji",
    "ja:Fish"
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "herring"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "herring",
          "herring"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Hyōgai",
        "kanji",
        "uncommon"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "鰊"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese single-kanji terms",
    "Japanese terms spelled with hyōgaiji kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with 鰊",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms with unknown etymologies",
    "Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
    "Pages with raw sortkeys",
    "ja:Fish"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "かずの子"
    },
    {
      "word": "数の子"
    },
    {
      "english": "herring roe",
      "roman": "kazunoko",
      "word": "鯑"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "鰊",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "鰊",
          "かど"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "鰊",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "鰊",
          "カド"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kado",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "かど",
        "2": "カド"
      },
      "expansion": "鰊(かど) or 鰊(カド) • (kado)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Pacific herring",
          "Pacific herring"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chiefly Tohōku) Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii)"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "かど"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ka̠do̞]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "鰊"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese single-kanji terms",
    "Japanese terms spelled with hyōgaiji kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with 鰊",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms with unknown etymologies",
    "Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
    "Pages with raw sortkeys",
    "ja:Fish"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "dried and press boil herring",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "鰊",
          "にしん"
        ],
        [
          "粕",
          "かす"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "鰊粕"
    },
    {
      "roman": "nishin-gumori",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "鰊",
          "にしん"
        ],
        [
          "曇",
          "ぐも"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "鰊曇り"
    },
    {
      "roman": "nishin-soba",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "鰊",
          "にしん"
        ],
        [
          "蕎麦",
          "そば"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "鰊蕎麦"
    },
    {
      "english": "dried, slice herring",
      "roman": "mikaki nishin",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "身",
          "み"
        ],
        [
          "欠",
          "か"
        ],
        [
          "鰊",
          "にしん"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "身欠き鰊"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ニ親",
        "pos": "two + parent, as in father and mother",
        "tr": "ni shin"
      },
      "expansion": "ニ親 (ni shin, two + parent, as in father and mother)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "煮渋",
        "pos": "boil(ed dish) + bitter",
        "tr": "ni shibu"
      },
      "expansion": "煮渋 (ni shibu, boil(ed dish) + bitter)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "二身",
        "pos": "two + body",
        "tr": "ni shin"
      },
      "expansion": "二身 (ni shin, two + body)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "西の海の魚",
        "pos": "literally, \"fish of the west seas\"",
        "tr": "nishi no umi no uo"
      },
      "expansion": "西の海の魚 (nishi no umi no uo, literally, \"fish of the west seas\")",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain.\n* Probably from ニ親 (ni shin, two + parent, as in father and mother), due to the large number of herring offsprings.\n* Can also be from 煮渋 (ni shibu, boil(ed dish) + bitter).\n* From 二身 (ni shin, two + body), from the way it is prepared before cooking.\n* It can also be from a clipping of 西の海の魚 (nishi no umi no uo, literally, \"fish of the west seas\").",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "鰊",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "鰊",
          "にしん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "鰊",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "鰊",
          "ニシン"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nishin",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "にしん",
        "2": "ニシン"
      },
      "expansion": "鰊(にしん) or 鰊(ニシン) • (nishin)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Pacific herring",
          "Pacific herring"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "にしん"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɲ̟iɕĩɴ]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "鯡"
    }
  ],
  "word": "鰊"
}
{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "鰊"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "鰊",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: chiefly Tohōku",
  "path": [
    "鰊"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "鰊",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: chiefly Tohōku",
  "path": [
    "鰊"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "鰊",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "鰊"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "鰊",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e268c0e and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.