See 辞書 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 辞書 meaning in Japanese (9.2kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "辞書",
"3": "",
"4": "letter of resignation",
"pos": "see below",
"tr": "jisho"
},
"expansion": "辞書 (jisho, “letter of resignation”, see below)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "辞",
"3": "",
"4": "resignation, quitting; word",
"tr": "ji"
},
"expansion": "辞 (ji, “resignation, quitting; word”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "書",
"3": "",
"4": "writing, record, document, book",
"tr": "sho"
},
"expansion": "書 (sho, “writing, record, document, book”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ltc",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "辞典",
"3": "",
"4": "dictionary",
"tr": "jiten"
},
"expansion": "辞典 (jiten, “dictionary”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "辞"
},
"expansion": "辞",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "word"
},
"expansion": "word",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "じしょ"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "辭",
"tr": "zi"
},
"expansion": "辭／辞 (zi)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "resignation"
},
"expansion": "resignation",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "quitting"
},
"expansion": "quitting",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ltc",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "辤",
"tr": "zi"
},
"expansion": "辤 (zi)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Japanese",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Chinese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "word"
},
"expansion": "word",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Chinese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dictionary"
},
"expansion": "dictionary",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "羅葡日辞書"
},
"expansion": "羅葡日辞書",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Dictionarium Latino Lusitanicum, ac Iaponicum"
},
"expansion": "Dictionarium Latino Lusitanicum, ac Iaponicum",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ"
},
"expansion": "日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "dictionarium",
"3": "Dictionarium"
},
"expansion": "Dictionarium",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "辭書",
"3": "",
"4": "dictionary, lexicon",
"tr": "císhū"
},
"expansion": "辭書／辞书 (císhū, “dictionary, lexicon”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A repurposing of older term 辞書 (jisho, “letter of resignation”, see below), based on a reanalysis of the constituent characters 辞 (ji, “resignation, quitting; word”) + 書 (sho, “writing, record, document, book”). Influenced by Middle Chinese-derived term 辞典 (jiten, “dictionary”), wherein the 辞 character expresses the meaning word from Middle Chinese 辭／辞 (zi), instead of the meaning resignation or quitting from Middle Chinese 辤 (zi). Note that both of these older character forms were later conflated in both Japanese and Chinese into the simplified version 辞, with the word meaning becoming dominant in Chinese.\nFirst appearance in Japanese with the dictionary sense might be the 1595 publication by the Jesuits of the 羅葡日辞書 (Ra-Ho-Nichi Jisho, “Latin-Portuguese-Japanese Dictionary”), alternate title Dictionarium Latino Lusitanicum, ac Iaponicum.\nCompare modern Mandarin 辭書／辞书 (císhū, “dictionary, lexicon”), possibly reborrowed from or otherwise influenced by the Japanese.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "辞書",
"ruby": [
[
"辞",
"じ"
],
[
"書",
"しょ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "jisho",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "じしょ"
},
"expansion": "辞(じ)書(しょ) • (jisho)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a dictionary (publication that explains the meanings of an ordered list of words)"
],
"id": "en-辞書-ja-noun-6kdsmPlz",
"links": [
[
"dictionary",
"dictionary"
]
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "jiten",
"ruby": [
[
"事典",
"じてん"
]
],
"word": "事典"
},
{
"roman": "jiten",
"ruby": [
[
"字典",
"じてん"
]
],
"word": "字典"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "jiten",
"ruby": [
[
"辞典",
"じてん"
]
],
"word": "辞典"
},
{
"roman": "jirin",
"ruby": [
[
"辞林",
"じりん"
]
],
"word": "辞林"
},
{
"roman": "jibiki",
"ruby": [
[
"字引",
"じびき"
]
],
"word": "字引"
},
{
"roman": "jii",
"ruby": [
[
"辞彙",
"じい"
]
],
"word": "辞彙"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "じしょ"
},
{
"ipa": "[d͡ʑiɕo̞]"
}
],
"word": "辞書"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "じしょ"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "辤書",
"lit": "quit + writing",
"tr": "zi syo"
},
"expansion": "辤書／辤书 (zi syo, literally “quit + writing”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese compound 辤書／辤书 (zi syo, literally “quit + writing”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "辞書",
"ruby": [
[
"辞",
"じ"
],
[
"書",
"しょ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "jisho",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "じしょ"
},
"expansion": "辞(じ)書(しょ) • (jisho)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a letter of resignation"
],
"id": "en-辞書-ja-noun-Y2AYQguh",
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter"
],
[
"resignation",
"resignation"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"roman": "jihyō",
"ruby": [
[
"辞表",
"じひょう"
]
],
"sense": "resignation",
"word": "辞表"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 1 61 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 2 54 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 2 52 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 5 60 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 3 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 2 51 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 2 52 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 5 62 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 3 56 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Dictionaries",
"orig": "ja:Dictionaries",
"parents": [
"Lexicography",
"Reference works",
"Linguistics",
"Books",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Literature",
"Mass media",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"Culture",
"Entertainment",
"Writing",
"Media",
"All topics",
"Human behaviour",
"Fundamental",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a formal document of abdication when one emperor steps down and a new emperor ascends the throne"
],
"id": "en-辞書-ja-noun-xWcKs67A",
"links": [
[
"abdication",
"abdication"
],
[
"emperor",
"emperor"
],
[
"steps down",
"step down"
],
[
"ascend",
"ascend"
],
[
"throne",
"throne"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "15 85",
"roman": "gohōsho",
"ruby": [
[
"御報書",
"ごほうしょ"
]
],
"sense": "abdication",
"word": "御報書"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "じしょ"
},
{
"ipa": "[d͡ʑiɕo̞]"
}
],
"word": "辞書"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "直音表記",
"lit": "straight-sound spelling",
"tr": "chokuon hyōki"
},
"expansion": "直音表記 (chokuon hyōki, literally “straight-sound spelling”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The 直音表記 (chokuon hyōki, literally “straight-sound spelling”) of jisho above. Most common from the Heian through the Muromachi periods.\nIt is unclear if the pronunciation itself also shifted, or just the spelling.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "辞書",
"ruby": [
[
"辞",
"じ"
],
[
"書",
"そ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "jiso",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "じそ"
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"expansion": "辞(じ)書(そ) • (jiso)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a letter of resignation"
],
"id": "en-辞書-ja-noun-Y2AYQguh1",
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter"
],
[
"resignation",
"resignation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) a letter of resignation"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[d͡ʑiso̞]"
}
],
"word": "辞書"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"ja:Dictionaries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "辞書",
"3": "",
"4": "letter of resignation",
"pos": "see below",
"tr": "jisho"
},
"expansion": "辞書 (jisho, “letter of resignation”, see below)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "辞",
"3": "",
"4": "resignation, quitting; word",
"tr": "ji"
},
"expansion": "辞 (ji, “resignation, quitting; word”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "書",
"3": "",
"4": "writing, record, document, book",
"tr": "sho"
},
"expansion": "書 (sho, “writing, record, document, book”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ltc",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "辞典",
"3": "",
"4": "dictionary",
"tr": "jiten"
},
"expansion": "辞典 (jiten, “dictionary”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "辞"
},
"expansion": "辞",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "word"
},
"expansion": "word",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "じしょ"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "辭",
"tr": "zi"
},
"expansion": "辭／辞 (zi)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "resignation"
},
"expansion": "resignation",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "quitting"
},
"expansion": "quitting",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ltc",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "辤",
"tr": "zi"
},
"expansion": "辤 (zi)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Japanese",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Chinese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "word"
},
"expansion": "word",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Chinese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dictionary"
},
"expansion": "dictionary",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "羅葡日辞書"
},
"expansion": "羅葡日辞書",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Dictionarium Latino Lusitanicum, ac Iaponicum"
},
"expansion": "Dictionarium Latino Lusitanicum, ac Iaponicum",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ"
},
"expansion": "日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "dictionarium",
"3": "Dictionarium"
},
"expansion": "Dictionarium",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "辭書",
"3": "",
"4": "dictionary, lexicon",
"tr": "císhū"
},
"expansion": "辭書／辞书 (císhū, “dictionary, lexicon”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A repurposing of older term 辞書 (jisho, “letter of resignation”, see below), based on a reanalysis of the constituent characters 辞 (ji, “resignation, quitting; word”) + 書 (sho, “writing, record, document, book”). Influenced by Middle Chinese-derived term 辞典 (jiten, “dictionary”), wherein the 辞 character expresses the meaning word from Middle Chinese 辭／辞 (zi), instead of the meaning resignation or quitting from Middle Chinese 辤 (zi). Note that both of these older character forms were later conflated in both Japanese and Chinese into the simplified version 辞, with the word meaning becoming dominant in Chinese.\nFirst appearance in Japanese with the dictionary sense might be the 1595 publication by the Jesuits of the 羅葡日辞書 (Ra-Ho-Nichi Jisho, “Latin-Portuguese-Japanese Dictionary”), alternate title Dictionarium Latino Lusitanicum, ac Iaponicum.\nCompare modern Mandarin 辭書／辞书 (císhū, “dictionary, lexicon”), possibly reborrowed from or otherwise influenced by the Japanese.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "辞書",
"ruby": [
[
"辞",
"じ"
],
[
"書",
"しょ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "jisho",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "じしょ"
},
"expansion": "辞(じ)書(しょ) • (jisho)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "jiten",
"ruby": [
[
"事典",
"じてん"
]
],
"word": "事典"
},
{
"roman": "jiten",
"ruby": [
[
"字典",
"じてん"
]
],
"word": "字典"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a dictionary (publication that explains the meanings of an ordered list of words)"
],
"links": [
[
"dictionary",
"dictionary"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "じしょ"
},
{
"ipa": "[d͡ʑiɕo̞]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "jiten",
"ruby": [
[
"辞典",
"じてん"
]
],
"word": "辞典"
},
{
"roman": "jirin",
"ruby": [
[
"辞林",
"じりん"
]
],
"word": "辞林"
},
{
"roman": "jibiki",
"ruby": [
[
"字引",
"じびき"
]
],
"word": "字引"
},
{
"roman": "jii",
"ruby": [
[
"辞彙",
"じい"
]
],
"word": "辞彙"
}
],
"word": "辞書"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"ja:Dictionaries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "じしょ"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "辤書",
"lit": "quit + writing",
"tr": "zi syo"
},
"expansion": "辤書／辤书 (zi syo, literally “quit + writing”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese compound 辤書／辤书 (zi syo, literally “quit + writing”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "辞書",
"ruby": [
[
"辞",
"じ"
],
[
"書",
"しょ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "jisho",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "じしょ"
},
"expansion": "辞(じ)書(しょ) • (jisho)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a letter of resignation"
],
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter"
],
[
"resignation",
"resignation"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a formal document of abdication when one emperor steps down and a new emperor ascends the throne"
],
"links": [
[
"abdication",
"abdication"
],
[
"emperor",
"emperor"
],
[
"steps down",
"step down"
],
[
"ascend",
"ascend"
],
[
"throne",
"throne"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "じしょ"
},
{
"ipa": "[d͡ʑiɕo̞]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "jihyō",
"ruby": [
[
"辞表",
"じひょう"
]
],
"sense": "resignation",
"word": "辞表"
},
{
"roman": "gohōsho",
"ruby": [
[
"御報書",
"ごほうしょ"
]
],
"sense": "abdication",
"word": "御報書"
}
],
"word": "辞書"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"ja:Dictionaries"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "直音表記",
"lit": "straight-sound spelling",
"tr": "chokuon hyōki"
},
"expansion": "直音表記 (chokuon hyōki, literally “straight-sound spelling”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The 直音表記 (chokuon hyōki, literally “straight-sound spelling”) of jisho above. Most common from the Heian through the Muromachi periods.\nIt is unclear if the pronunciation itself also shifted, or just the spelling.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "辞書",
"ruby": [
[
"辞",
"じ"
],
[
"書",
"そ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "jiso",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "じそ"
},
"expansion": "辞(じ)書(そ) • (jiso)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"a letter of resignation"
],
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter"
],
[
"resignation",
"resignation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) a letter of resignation"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[d͡ʑiso̞]"
}
],
"word": "辞書"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"辞書"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "辞書",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"辞書"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "辞書",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"辞書"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "辞書",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.