See 越える in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"english": "go under",
"roman": "kiru",
"ruby": [
[
"切",
"き"
]
],
"sense": "antonym(s) of “go over numerically”",
"word": "切る"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "越ゆ",
"sort": "こえる",
"t": "",
"tr": "koyu"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese 越ゆ (koyu)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese 越ゆ (koyu), in the 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) pattern.\nDevelopment\nNatural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "越える",
"ruby": [
[
"越",
"こ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "koeru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "越え",
"roman": "koe",
"ruby": [
[
"越",
"こ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "越えた",
"roman": "koeta",
"ruby": [
[
"越",
"こ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-ichi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "越え",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こえ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "koe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "越える",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こえる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "koeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "越えれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こえれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "koere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "越えよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "越えろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "こえよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "こえろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "koeyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "koero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "越えられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "こえられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "koerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "越えさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "越えさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "こえさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "こえさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "koesaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "koesasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "越えられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "越えれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "こえられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "こえれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "koerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "koereru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "越えよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "こえよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "koeyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "越えない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "越えぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "越えん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こえない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こえぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こえん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "koenai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "koenu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "koen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "越えず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こえず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "koezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "越えます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "こえます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "koemasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "越えた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "こえた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "koeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "越えて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "こえて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "koete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "越えれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "こえれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "koereba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "こえる",
"tr": "trans",
"type": "2"
},
"expansion": "越(こ)える • (koeru) transitive ichidan (stem 越(こ)え (koe), past 越(こ)えた (koeta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "68 15 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "70 14 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "75 12 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "74 12 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 27 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "76 11 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "74 12 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 21 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "69 16 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to exceed boundaries/limits",
"roman": "genkai o koeru",
"ruby": [
[
"限界",
"げんかい"
],
[
"越",
"こ"
]
],
"text": "限界を越える",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to go over ten percent",
"roman": "10% o koeru",
"ruby": [
[
"超",
"こ"
]
],
"text": "10％を超える",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to exceed, to go over, to be more than, to cross"
],
"id": "en-越える-ja-verb-J7f3olKK",
"links": [
[
"exceed",
"exceed"
],
[
"go over",
"go over"
],
[
"more",
"more"
],
[
"cross",
"cross"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to surpass expectations",
"roman": "yosō o koeru",
"ruby": [
[
"予想",
"よそう"
],
[
"超",
"こ"
]
],
"text": "予想を超える",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to surpass a senior",
"roman": "senpai o koeru",
"ruby": [
[
"先輩",
"せんぱい"
],
[
"超",
"こ"
]
],
"text": "先輩を超える",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to surpass, to excel"
],
"id": "en-越える-ja-verb-2teiSvjB",
"links": [
[
"surpass",
"surpass"
],
[
"excel",
"excel"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "18 55 27",
"roman": "oikosu",
"sense": "surpass",
"word": "追い越す"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 55 27",
"roman": "shinogu",
"sense": "surpass",
"word": "凌ぐ"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to transcend time",
"roman": "toki o koeru",
"ruby": [
[
"時",
"とき"
],
[
"越",
"こ"
]
],
"text": "時を越える",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to transcend"
],
"id": "en-越える-ja-verb-r2A21zuA",
"links": [
[
"transcend",
"transcend"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "こえる"
},
{
"ipa": "[ko̞e̞ɾɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "越える"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"english": "go under",
"roman": "kiru",
"ruby": [
[
"切",
"き"
]
],
"sense": "antonym(s) of “go over numerically”",
"word": "切る"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese ichidan verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese shimo ichidan verbs",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese transitive verbs",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "越ゆ",
"sort": "こえる",
"t": "",
"tr": "koyu"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese 越ゆ (koyu)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese 越ゆ (koyu), in the 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) pattern.\nDevelopment\nNatural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "越える",
"ruby": [
[
"越",
"こ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "koeru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "越え",
"roman": "koe",
"ruby": [
[
"越",
"こ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "越えた",
"roman": "koeta",
"ruby": [
[
"越",
"こ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-ichi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "越え",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こえ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "koe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "越える",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こえる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "koeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "越えれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こえれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "koere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "越えよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "越えろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "こえよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "こえろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "koeyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "koero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "越えられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "こえられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "koerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "越えさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "越えさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "こえさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "こえさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "koesaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "koesasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "越えられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "越えれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "こえられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "こえれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "koerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "koereru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "越えよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "こえよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "koeyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "越えない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "越えぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "越えん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こえない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こえぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こえん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "koenai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "koenu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "koen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "越えず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こえず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "koezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "越えます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "こえます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "koemasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "越えた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "こえた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "koeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "越えて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "こえて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "koete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "越えれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "こえれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "koereba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "こえる",
"tr": "trans",
"type": "2"
},
"expansion": "越(こ)える • (koeru) transitive ichidan (stem 越(こ)え (koe), past 越(こ)えた (koeta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to exceed boundaries/limits",
"roman": "genkai o koeru",
"ruby": [
[
"限界",
"げんかい"
],
[
"越",
"こ"
]
],
"text": "限界を越える",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to go over ten percent",
"roman": "10% o koeru",
"ruby": [
[
"超",
"こ"
]
],
"text": "10％を超える",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to exceed, to go over, to be more than, to cross"
],
"links": [
[
"exceed",
"exceed"
],
[
"go over",
"go over"
],
[
"more",
"more"
],
[
"cross",
"cross"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to surpass expectations",
"roman": "yosō o koeru",
"ruby": [
[
"予想",
"よそう"
],
[
"超",
"こ"
]
],
"text": "予想を超える",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to surpass a senior",
"roman": "senpai o koeru",
"ruby": [
[
"先輩",
"せんぱい"
],
[
"超",
"こ"
]
],
"text": "先輩を超える",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to surpass, to excel"
],
"links": [
[
"surpass",
"surpass"
],
[
"excel",
"excel"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to transcend time",
"roman": "toki o koeru",
"ruby": [
[
"時",
"とき"
],
[
"越",
"こ"
]
],
"text": "時を越える",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to transcend"
],
"links": [
[
"transcend",
"transcend"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "こえる"
},
{
"ipa": "[ko̞e̞ɾɯ̟]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "oikosu",
"sense": "surpass",
"word": "追い越す"
},
{
"roman": "shinogu",
"sense": "surpass",
"word": "凌ぐ"
}
],
"word": "越える"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 越える meaning in Japanese (8.1kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"越える"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "越える",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"越える"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "越える",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"越える"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "越える",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"越える"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "越える",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"越える"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "越える",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"越える"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "越える",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"越える"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "越える",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.