See 赤い in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ja-mid-ear",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Early Middle Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/-k-/"
},
"expansion": "/-k-/",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "赤し",
"2": "aka"
},
"expansion": "From the 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of Early Middle Japanese adjective 赤し (akashi), with the medial /-k-/ falling out.",
"name": "ja-adj-ku"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨akaki₁⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨akaki₁⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/akakʲi/"
},
"expansion": "/akakʲi/",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/akaɡʲi/"
},
"expansion": "/akaɡʲi/",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/akaɣi/"
},
"expansion": "/akaɣi/",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/akaji/"
},
"expansion": "/akaji/",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/akai/"
},
"expansion": "/akai/",
"name": "IPAfont"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of Early Middle Japanese adjective 赤し (akashi), with the medial /-k-/ falling out. Cognate with 明るい (akarui, “bright”).\nMedial voiceless plosives, like /-k-/, underwent voicing, then spirantization, then gliding, then being dropped, before /-i, -u, -e, -o/. As this intervocalic sound-change did not occur before /-a/(Hamano, 2000), Middle Japanese /akaki/ became /akai/ 赤い.\n⟨akaki₁⟩ → */akakʲi/ → */akaɡʲi/ → */akaɣi/ → */akaji/ → */akai/.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "赤い",
"ruby": [
[
"赤",
"あか"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "akai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "赤く",
"roman": "akaku",
"ruby": [
[
"赤",
"あか"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "赤かろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "あかかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "akakaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "赤く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "あかく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "akaku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "赤い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "あかい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "akai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "赤い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "あかい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "akai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "赤けれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "あかけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "akakere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "赤かれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "あかかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "akakare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "赤くない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "あかくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "akaku nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "赤かった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "あかかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "akakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "赤くなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "あかくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "akaku nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "赤いです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "あかいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "akai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "赤くないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "あかくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "akaku nai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "赤かったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "あかかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "akakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "赤くなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "あかくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "akaku nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "赤くて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "あかくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "akakute",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "赤ければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "あかければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "akakereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "赤かったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "あかかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "akakattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "赤かろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "あかかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "akakarō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "赤く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "あかく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "akaku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "赤さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "あかさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "akasa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "あかい",
"infl": "i"
},
"expansion": "赤(あか)い • (akai) -i (adverbial 赤(あか)く (akaku))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": "く",
"attributive": "い",
"conditional": "ければ",
"conjunctive": "くて",
"continuative": "く",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": "い です",
"formal_negative": "く ない です",
"formal_negative_past": "く なかった です",
"formal_past": "かった です",
"hypothetical": "けれ",
"imperative": "かれ",
"imperfective": "かろ",
"informal_negative": "く ない",
"informal_negative_past": "く なかった",
"informal_past": "かった",
"kana": "あか",
"lemma": "赤",
"provisional": "かったら",
"terminal": "い",
"volitional": "かろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Colors",
"orig": "ja:Colors",
"parents": [
"Light",
"Vision",
"Energy",
"Senses",
"Nature",
"Perception",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "JLPT-5",
"orig": "ja:JLPT-5",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Reds",
"orig": "ja:Reds",
"parents": [
"Colors",
"Light",
"Vision",
"Energy",
"Senses",
"Nature",
"Perception",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 9:",
"text": "Acai. アカイ (赤い) 赤い(もの).",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"red (color)"
],
"id": "en-赤い-ja-adj-AN~8nTOu",
"links": [
[
"red",
"red"
]
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "aka",
"ruby": [
[
"赤",
"あか"
]
],
"word": "赤"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "あかい"
},
{
"ipa": "[a̠ka̠i]"
},
{
"other": "[áꜜkàì]",
"tags": [
"Kyoto"
]
}
],
"word": "赤い"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ja-mid-ear",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Early Middle Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/-k-/"
},
"expansion": "/-k-/",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "赤し",
"2": "aka"
},
"expansion": "From the 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of Early Middle Japanese adjective 赤し (akashi), with the medial /-k-/ falling out.",
"name": "ja-adj-ku"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨akaki₁⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨akaki₁⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/akakʲi/"
},
"expansion": "/akakʲi/",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/akaɡʲi/"
},
"expansion": "/akaɡʲi/",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/akaɣi/"
},
"expansion": "/akaɣi/",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/akaji/"
},
"expansion": "/akaji/",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/akai/"
},
"expansion": "/akai/",
"name": "IPAfont"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of Early Middle Japanese adjective 赤し (akashi), with the medial /-k-/ falling out. Cognate with 明るい (akarui, “bright”).\nMedial voiceless plosives, like /-k-/, underwent voicing, then spirantization, then gliding, then being dropped, before /-i, -u, -e, -o/. As this intervocalic sound-change did not occur before /-a/(Hamano, 2000), Middle Japanese /akaki/ became /akai/ 赤い.\n⟨akaki₁⟩ → */akakʲi/ → */akaɡʲi/ → */akaɣi/ → */akaji/ → */akai/.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "赤い",
"ruby": [
[
"赤",
"あか"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "akai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "赤く",
"roman": "akaku",
"ruby": [
[
"赤",
"あか"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "赤かろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "あかかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "akakaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "赤く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "あかく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "akaku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "赤い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "あかい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "akai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "赤い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "あかい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "akai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "赤けれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "あかけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "akakere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "赤かれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "あかかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "akakare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "赤くない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "あかくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "akaku nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "赤かった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "あかかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "akakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "赤くなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "あかくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "akaku nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "赤いです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "あかいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "akai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "赤くないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "あかくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "akaku nai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "赤かったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "あかかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "akakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "赤くなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "あかくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "akaku nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "赤くて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "あかくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "akakute",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "赤ければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "あかければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "akakereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "赤かったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "あかかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "akakattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "赤かろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "あかかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "akakarō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "赤く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "あかく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "akaku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "赤さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "あかさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "akasa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "あかい",
"infl": "i"
},
"expansion": "赤(あか)い • (akai) -i (adverbial 赤(あか)く (akaku))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": "く",
"attributive": "い",
"conditional": "ければ",
"conjunctive": "くて",
"continuative": "く",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": "い です",
"formal_negative": "く ない です",
"formal_negative_past": "く なかった です",
"formal_past": "かった です",
"hypothetical": "けれ",
"imperative": "かれ",
"imperfective": "かろ",
"informal_negative": "く ない",
"informal_negative_past": "く なかった",
"informal_past": "かった",
"kana": "あか",
"lemma": "赤",
"provisional": "かったら",
"terminal": "い",
"volitional": "かろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"roman": "aka",
"ruby": [
[
"赤",
"あか"
]
],
"word": "赤"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms derived from Early Middle Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Early Middle Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with quotations",
"Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese い-i adjectives",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for translations of Japanese quotations",
"Requests for transliteration of Japanese quotations",
"ja:Colors",
"ja:JLPT-5",
"ja:Reds"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 9:",
"text": "Acai. アカイ (赤い) 赤い(もの).",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"red (color)"
],
"links": [
[
"red",
"red"
]
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "あかい"
},
{
"ipa": "[a̠ka̠i]"
},
{
"other": "[áꜜkàì]",
"tags": [
"Kyoto"
]
}
],
"word": "赤い"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 赤い meaning in Japanese (8.3kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"赤い"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "赤い",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.