See 蛙 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 蛙 meaning in Japanese (13.3kB)
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Uncommon kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"id": "en-蛙-ja-character-47DEQpj8",
"tags": [
"Hyōgai",
"kanji",
"no-gloss",
"uncommon"
]
}
],
"word": "蛙"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "蛙",
"tr": "kaeru, kawazu, kairu"
},
"expansion": "蛙 (kaeru, kawazu, kairu)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨kaperu⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨kaperu⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "かえる"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frog"
},
"expansion": "frog",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "帰る",
"3": "",
"4": "to return (to a point of origin)",
"tr": "kaeru"
},
"expansion": "帰る (kaeru, “to return (to a point of origin)”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "孵る",
"3": "",
"4": "to hatch (from an egg)",
"tr": "kaeru"
},
"expansion": "孵る (kaeru, “to hatch (from an egg)”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frog"
},
"expansion": "frog",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨kaperu⟩ → /kaperu/ → /kaferu/ → /kaweru/ → /kajeru/ → /kaeru/\nFrom Old Japanese.\nThe Nihon Kokugo Daijiten cites this to the Nihon Shoki of 720, however, that may only be traceable to supplemental glosses added later to the kanbun original.\nSpelled phonetically once in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE, where it is used phonetically to spell the name of the maple tree. Generally regarded as the informal or everyday term for frog, in contrast to the formal or poetic term kawazu (see below).\nThe ultimate derivation is unclear, with numerous theories. Some of the leading ideas include:\n* Cognate with 帰る (kaeru, “to return (to a point of origin)”), from the way that some species of frogs return to their birthplace to spawn\n* Cognate with 孵る (kaeru, “to hatch (from an egg)”), in reference to tadpoles\n* Derived from onomatopoeia, where kape originally referred to the frog's call, suffixed uncertain element -ru\nThe phonetic development went through a clear stage where the middle mora was pronounced /je/, as illustrated in the 1603 Nippo Jisho entry, spelled cayeru. This was likely a result of the Muromachi period sound shift, where /we/ shifted to /je/, followed later by /je/ merging into /e/ to produce modern /kaeru/.\nNow the most common term for frog.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "蛙",
"ruby": [
[
"蛙",
"かえる"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "蛙",
"ruby": [
[
"蛙",
"カエル"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kaeru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kaferu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "かへる",
"roman": "kaferu",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かえる",
"2": "カエル",
"hhira": "かへる"
},
"expansion": "蛙(かえる) or 蛙(カエル) • (kaeru) ^(←かへる (kaferu)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 0 20 22 18 20",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Amphibians",
"orig": "ja:Amphibians",
"parents": [
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "aogaeru",
"ruby": [
[
"青蛙",
"あおがえる"
]
],
"word": "青蛙"
},
{
"roman": "akagaeru",
"ruby": [
[
"赤蛙",
"あかがえる"
]
],
"word": "赤蛙"
},
{
"roman": "amagaeru",
"ruby": [
[
"雨蛙",
"あまがえる"
]
],
"word": "雨蛙"
},
{
"roman": "kaeruoyogi",
"ruby": [
[
"蛙泳",
"かえるおよ"
]
],
"word": "蛙泳ぎ"
},
{
"roman": "kaerutobi",
"ruby": [
[
"蛙跳",
"かえるとび"
]
],
"word": "蛙跳"
},
{
"roman": "kaerutobi",
"ruby": [
[
"蛙跳",
"かえると"
]
],
"word": "蛙跳び"
},
{
"roman": "kaerumata",
"ruby": [
[
"蛙股",
"かえるまた"
]
],
"word": "蛙股"
},
{
"roman": "kaerumata",
"ruby": [
[
"蛙又",
"かえるまた"
]
],
"word": "蛙又"
},
{
"roman": "tsunogaeru",
"ruby": [
[
"角蛙",
"つのがえる"
]
],
"word": "角蛙"
},
{
"roman": "tonosamagaeru",
"ruby": [
[
"殿様蛙",
"とのさまがえる"
]
],
"word": "殿様蛙"
},
{
"roman": "hikigaeru",
"ruby": [
[
"蟇蛙",
"ひきがえる"
]
],
"word": "蟇蛙"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a frog (amphibious animal)"
],
"id": "en-蛙-ja-noun-iQHYGzOU",
"links": [
[
"frog",
"frog"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かえる"
},
{
"ipa": "[ka̠e̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Frog",
"Man'yōshū",
"Muromachi period",
"Nihon Shoki",
"Nippo Jisho",
"ja:カエル",
"蛙"
],
"word": "蛙"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "a frog in a well does not know the great ocean",
"roman": "i no naka no kawazu taikai o shirazu",
"ruby": [
[
"井",
"い"
],
[
"中",
"なか"
],
[
"蛙大海",
"かわずたいかい"
],
[
"知",
"し"
]
],
"word": "井の中の蛙大海を知らず: → metaphor of a narrow world view based on limited experience"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨kapadu⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨kapadu⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "川"
},
"expansion": "川",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ancient"
},
"expansion": "ancient",
"name": "upright"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "河",
"3": "",
"4": "river",
"tr": "kawa, ancient kapa"
},
"expansion": "河 (kawa, ancient kapa, “river”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨kapadu⟩ → */kapadu/ → /kafad͡zu/ → /kawad͡zu/ → /kawazu/\nThe more formal or poetic counterpart to kaeru (see above). Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.\nThe ultimate derivation is unclear, but the initial kawa portion (ancient kapa) is very likely 川, 河 (kawa, ancient kapa, “river”).\nThe phonetic development of the term had already progressed to kawadzu by 1603, as seen in the Nippo Jisho entry, spelled cauazzu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "蛙",
"ruby": [
[
"蛙",
"かわず"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kawazu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kafadu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "かはづ",
"roman": "kafadu",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かわず",
"hhira": "かはづ"
},
"expansion": "蛙(かわず) • (kawazu) ^(←かはづ (kafadu)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "20 0 20 22 18 20",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Amphibians",
"orig": "ja:Amphibians",
"parents": [
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "old pond -- a frog jumps in -- the sound of water",
"ref": "1686, 松尾芭蕉 Matsuo Bashō 古池や蛙飛びこむ水の音 ふるいけやかはづとびこむみづのおと (modern kana: ふるいけやかわずとびこむみずのおと)",
"text": "furuike ya kawazu tobikomu mizu no oto",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a frog (amphibious animal)"
],
"id": "en-蛙-ja-noun-iQHYGzOU1",
"links": [
[
"poetic",
"poetic"
],
[
"frog",
"frog"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poetic) a frog (amphibious animal)"
],
"tags": [
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Theater",
"orig": "ja:Theater",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Entertainment",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 16 16 69 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese affixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 0 9 19 46 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 0 9 17 49 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 0 11 21 37 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 0 11 23 34 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 0 13 17 47 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 0 11 23 34 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 0 10 24 34 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 0 11 23 34 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 0 12 16 53 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese words with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 34 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 0 20 22 18 20",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Amphibians",
"orig": "ja:Amphibians",
"parents": [
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a specific mask used in certain Noh plays, depicting a drowned person"
],
"id": "en-蛙-ja-noun-69UQc18z",
"links": [
[
"theater",
"theater"
],
[
"mask",
"mask"
],
[
"Noh",
"Noh"
],
[
"play",
"play"
],
[
"drowned",
"drowned"
]
],
"qualifier": "Noh theater",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Noh theater) a specific mask used in certain Noh plays, depicting a drowned person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かわず"
},
{
"ipa": "[ka̠ɰᵝa̠zɨᵝ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Man'yōshū",
"Nippo Jisho",
"蛙"
],
"word": "蛙"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨kaperu⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨kaperu⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "raã"
},
"expansion": "raã",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "rãa"
},
"expansion": "rãa",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "rã",
"3": "",
"4": "frog"
},
"expansion": "rã (“frog”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨kaperu⟩ → /kaperu/ → /kaferu/ → /kaweru/ → /kajeru/ → /kairu/\nSound shift. Existed alongside earlier kayeru in the late 1500s, early 1600s, as seen in the 1603 Nippo Jisho entry, spelled cairu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "蛙",
"ruby": [
[
"蛙",
"かいる"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kairu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かいる"
},
"expansion": "蛙(かいる) • (kairu)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "20 0 20 22 18 20",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Amphibians",
"orig": "ja:Amphibians",
"parents": [
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a frog (amphibious animal)"
],
"id": "en-蛙-ja-noun-iQHYGzOU1",
"links": [
[
"frog",
"frog"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, possibly obsolete) a frog (amphibious animal)"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"obsolete",
"possibly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ka̠iɾɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nippo Jisho",
"蛙"
],
"word": "蛙"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"forms": [
{
"form": "蛙",
"ruby": [
[
"蛙",
"あ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "affix",
"2": "あ"
},
"expansion": "蛙(あ) • (a)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "affix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 0 20 22 18 20",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Amphibians",
"orig": "ja:Amphibians",
"parents": [
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "abō",
"ruby": [
[
"蛙黽",
"あぼう"
]
],
"word": "蛙黽"
},
{
"roman": "amei",
"ruby": [
[
"蛙鳴",
"あめい"
]
],
"word": "蛙鳴"
}
],
"glosses": [
"frog (amphibious animal)"
],
"id": "en-蛙-ja-affix-ZMm55H2s",
"links": [
[
"frog",
"frog"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "toad",
"roman": "hikigaeru",
"ruby": [
[
"蟇",
"ひき"
],
[
"蛙",
"がえる"
]
],
"word": "蟇蛙"
},
{
"english": "tadpole",
"roman": "otamajakushi",
"ruby": [
[
"御",
"お"
],
[
"玉",
"たま"
],
[
"杓",
"じゃく"
],
[
"子",
"し"
]
],
"word": "御玉杓子"
}
]
}
],
"word": "蛙"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese Han characters",
"Japanese affixes",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Japanese kanji with goon reading え",
"Japanese kanji with historical goon reading ゑ",
"Japanese kanji with historical kun reading かはづ",
"Japanese kanji with historical kun reading かへる",
"Japanese kanji with kan'on reading わ",
"Japanese kanji with kan'on reading わい",
"Japanese kanji with kan'yōon reading あ",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading かえる",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading かわず",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading かえる",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with hyōgaiji kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 蛙",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Japanese words with multiple readings",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Uncommon kanji",
"ja:Amphibians"
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"tags": [
"Hyōgai",
"kanji",
"no-gloss",
"uncommon"
]
}
],
"word": "蛙"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese affixes",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with hyōgaiji kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 蛙",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Japanese words with multiple readings",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"ja:Amphibians"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "aogaeru",
"ruby": [
[
"青蛙",
"あおがえる"
]
],
"word": "青蛙"
},
{
"roman": "akagaeru",
"ruby": [
[
"赤蛙",
"あかがえる"
]
],
"word": "赤蛙"
},
{
"roman": "amagaeru",
"ruby": [
[
"雨蛙",
"あまがえる"
]
],
"word": "雨蛙"
},
{
"roman": "kaeruoyogi",
"ruby": [
[
"蛙泳",
"かえるおよ"
]
],
"word": "蛙泳ぎ"
},
{
"roman": "kaerutobi",
"ruby": [
[
"蛙跳",
"かえるとび"
]
],
"word": "蛙跳"
},
{
"roman": "kaerutobi",
"ruby": [
[
"蛙跳",
"かえると"
]
],
"word": "蛙跳び"
},
{
"roman": "kaerumata",
"ruby": [
[
"蛙股",
"かえるまた"
]
],
"word": "蛙股"
},
{
"roman": "kaerumata",
"ruby": [
[
"蛙又",
"かえるまた"
]
],
"word": "蛙又"
},
{
"roman": "tsunogaeru",
"ruby": [
[
"角蛙",
"つのがえる"
]
],
"word": "角蛙"
},
{
"roman": "tonosamagaeru",
"ruby": [
[
"殿様蛙",
"とのさまがえる"
]
],
"word": "殿様蛙"
},
{
"roman": "hikigaeru",
"ruby": [
[
"蟇蛙",
"ひきがえる"
]
],
"word": "蟇蛙"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "蛙",
"tr": "kaeru, kawazu, kairu"
},
"expansion": "蛙 (kaeru, kawazu, kairu)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨kaperu⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨kaperu⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "かえる"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frog"
},
"expansion": "frog",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "帰る",
"3": "",
"4": "to return (to a point of origin)",
"tr": "kaeru"
},
"expansion": "帰る (kaeru, “to return (to a point of origin)”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "孵る",
"3": "",
"4": "to hatch (from an egg)",
"tr": "kaeru"
},
"expansion": "孵る (kaeru, “to hatch (from an egg)”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frog"
},
"expansion": "frog",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨kaperu⟩ → /kaperu/ → /kaferu/ → /kaweru/ → /kajeru/ → /kaeru/\nFrom Old Japanese.\nThe Nihon Kokugo Daijiten cites this to the Nihon Shoki of 720, however, that may only be traceable to supplemental glosses added later to the kanbun original.\nSpelled phonetically once in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE, where it is used phonetically to spell the name of the maple tree. Generally regarded as the informal or everyday term for frog, in contrast to the formal or poetic term kawazu (see below).\nThe ultimate derivation is unclear, with numerous theories. Some of the leading ideas include:\n* Cognate with 帰る (kaeru, “to return (to a point of origin)”), from the way that some species of frogs return to their birthplace to spawn\n* Cognate with 孵る (kaeru, “to hatch (from an egg)”), in reference to tadpoles\n* Derived from onomatopoeia, where kape originally referred to the frog's call, suffixed uncertain element -ru\nThe phonetic development went through a clear stage where the middle mora was pronounced /je/, as illustrated in the 1603 Nippo Jisho entry, spelled cayeru. This was likely a result of the Muromachi period sound shift, where /we/ shifted to /je/, followed later by /je/ merging into /e/ to produce modern /kaeru/.\nNow the most common term for frog.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "蛙",
"ruby": [
[
"蛙",
"かえる"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "蛙",
"ruby": [
[
"蛙",
"カエル"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kaeru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kaferu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "かへる",
"roman": "kaferu",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かえる",
"2": "カエル",
"hhira": "かへる"
},
"expansion": "蛙(かえる) or 蛙(カエル) • (kaeru) ^(←かへる (kaferu)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a frog (amphibious animal)"
],
"links": [
[
"frog",
"frog"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かえる"
},
{
"ipa": "[ka̠e̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Frog",
"Man'yōshū",
"Muromachi period",
"Nihon Shoki",
"Nippo Jisho",
"ja:カエル",
"蛙"
],
"word": "蛙"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese affixes",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms historically spelled with づ",
"Japanese terms spelled with hyōgaiji kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 蛙",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Japanese words with multiple readings",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"ja:Amphibians"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "a frog in a well does not know the great ocean",
"roman": "i no naka no kawazu taikai o shirazu",
"ruby": [
[
"井",
"い"
],
[
"中",
"なか"
],
[
"蛙大海",
"かわずたいかい"
],
[
"知",
"し"
]
],
"word": "井の中の蛙大海を知らず: → metaphor of a narrow world view based on limited experience"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨kapadu⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨kapadu⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "川"
},
"expansion": "川",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ancient"
},
"expansion": "ancient",
"name": "upright"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "河",
"3": "",
"4": "river",
"tr": "kawa, ancient kapa"
},
"expansion": "河 (kawa, ancient kapa, “river”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨kapadu⟩ → */kapadu/ → /kafad͡zu/ → /kawad͡zu/ → /kawazu/\nThe more formal or poetic counterpart to kaeru (see above). Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.\nThe ultimate derivation is unclear, but the initial kawa portion (ancient kapa) is very likely 川, 河 (kawa, ancient kapa, “river”).\nThe phonetic development of the term had already progressed to kawadzu by 1603, as seen in the Nippo Jisho entry, spelled cauazzu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "蛙",
"ruby": [
[
"蛙",
"かわず"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kawazu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kafadu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "かはづ",
"roman": "kafadu",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かわず",
"hhira": "かはづ"
},
"expansion": "蛙(かわず) • (kawazu) ^(←かはづ (kafadu)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese poetic terms",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with quotations",
"Requests for transliteration of Japanese quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "old pond -- a frog jumps in -- the sound of water",
"ref": "1686, 松尾芭蕉 Matsuo Bashō 古池や蛙飛びこむ水の音 ふるいけやかはづとびこむみづのおと (modern kana: ふるいけやかわずとびこむみずのおと)",
"text": "furuike ya kawazu tobikomu mizu no oto",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a frog (amphibious animal)"
],
"links": [
[
"poetic",
"poetic"
],
[
"frog",
"frog"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poetic) a frog (amphibious animal)"
],
"tags": [
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"ja:Theater"
],
"glosses": [
"a specific mask used in certain Noh plays, depicting a drowned person"
],
"links": [
[
"theater",
"theater"
],
[
"mask",
"mask"
],
[
"Noh",
"Noh"
],
[
"play",
"play"
],
[
"drowned",
"drowned"
]
],
"qualifier": "Noh theater",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Noh theater) a specific mask used in certain Noh plays, depicting a drowned person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かわず"
},
{
"ipa": "[ka̠ɰᵝa̠zɨᵝ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Man'yōshū",
"Nippo Jisho",
"蛙"
],
"word": "蛙"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese affixes",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with hyōgaiji kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 蛙",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Japanese words with multiple readings",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"ja:Amphibians"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨kaperu⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨kaperu⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "raã"
},
"expansion": "raã",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "rãa"
},
"expansion": "rãa",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "rã",
"3": "",
"4": "frog"
},
"expansion": "rã (“frog”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨kaperu⟩ → /kaperu/ → /kaferu/ → /kaweru/ → /kajeru/ → /kairu/\nSound shift. Existed alongside earlier kayeru in the late 1500s, early 1600s, as seen in the 1603 Nippo Jisho entry, spelled cairu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "蛙",
"ruby": [
[
"蛙",
"かいる"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kairu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かいる"
},
"expansion": "蛙(かいる) • (kairu)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with archaic senses",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"a frog (amphibious animal)"
],
"links": [
[
"frog",
"frog"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, possibly obsolete) a frog (amphibious animal)"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"obsolete",
"possibly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ka̠iɾɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nippo Jisho",
"蛙"
],
"word": "蛙"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese affixes",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with hyōgaiji kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 蛙",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Japanese words with multiple readings",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"ja:Amphibians"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "abō",
"ruby": [
[
"蛙黽",
"あぼう"
]
],
"word": "蛙黽"
},
{
"roman": "amei",
"ruby": [
[
"蛙鳴",
"あめい"
]
],
"word": "蛙鳴"
}
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"forms": [
{
"form": "蛙",
"ruby": [
[
"蛙",
"あ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "affix",
"2": "あ"
},
"expansion": "蛙(あ) • (a)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "affix",
"related": [
{
"english": "toad",
"roman": "hikigaeru",
"ruby": [
[
"蟇",
"ひき"
],
[
"蛙",
"がえる"
]
],
"word": "蟇蛙"
},
{
"english": "tadpole",
"roman": "otamajakushi",
"ruby": [
[
"御",
"お"
],
[
"玉",
"たま"
],
[
"杓",
"じゃく"
],
[
"子",
"し"
]
],
"word": "御玉杓子"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"frog (amphibious animal)"
],
"links": [
[
"frog",
"frog"
]
]
}
],
"word": "蛙"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"蛙"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "蛙",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"蛙"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "蛙",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"蛙"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "蛙",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"蛙"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "蛙",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"蛙"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "蛙",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"蛙"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "affix",
"title": "蛙",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.