See 聞く in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "きく"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "岐加受"
},
"expansion": "岐加受",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*kiku",
"sort": "きく"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *kiku",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates",
"name": "col-top"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kzg",
"2": "聞きゅい",
"sort": "きく",
"tr": "kikyui"
},
"expansion": "Kikai 聞きゅい (kikyui)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xug",
"2": "聞ちゅん",
"sort": "きく",
"tr": "hichun, shichun"
},
"expansion": "Kunigami 聞ちゅん (hichun, shichun)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mvi",
"2": "聞きぃ",
"sort": "きく",
"tr": "ksïksï"
},
"expansion": "Miyako 聞きぃ (ksïksï)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ryn",
"2": "聞きゅり",
"sort": "きく",
"tr": "kikyuri"
},
"expansion": "Northern Amami Ōshima 聞きゅり (kikyuri)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ryu",
"2": "聞ちゅん",
"sort": "きく",
"tr": "chichun"
},
"expansion": "Okinawan 聞ちゅん (chichun)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okn",
"2": "聞きゅん",
"sort": "きく",
"tr": "kikyun"
},
"expansion": "Okinoerabu 聞きゅん (kikyun)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ams",
"2": "聞きゅむっ",
"sort": "きく",
"tr": "xikyum"
},
"expansion": "Southern Amami Ōshima 聞きゅむっ (xikyum)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tkn",
"2": "聞き",
"3": "",
"sort": "きく",
"tr": "kiki"
},
"expansion": "Tokunoshima 聞き (kiki)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rys",
"2": "聞くん",
"sort": "きく",
"tr": "sïkun"
},
"expansion": "Yaeyama 聞くん (sïkun)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yoi",
"2": "聞ん",
"sort": "きく",
"tr": "kkun"
},
"expansion": "Yonaguni 聞ん (kkun)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yox",
"2": "聞きゅん",
"sort": "きく",
"tr": "kikyun"
},
"expansion": "Yoron 聞きゅん (kikyun)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. First appears in the Kojiki of 712 CE in its 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”), spelled in phonetic man'yōgana as 岐加受 (kikazu). Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *kiku.\nCognates\nIn the Ryukyuan branch of Japonic, cognate with Kikai 聞きゅい (kikyui), Kunigami 聞ちゅん (hichun, shichun), Miyako 聞きぃ (ksïksï), Northern Amami Ōshima 聞きゅり (kikyuri), Okinawan 聞ちゅん (chichun), Okinoerabu 聞きゅん (kikyun), Southern Amami Ōshima 聞きゅむっ (xikyum), Tokunoshima 聞き (kiki), Yaeyama 聞くん (sïkun), Yonaguni 聞ん (kkun), and Yoron 聞きゅん (kikyun).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "聞く",
"ruby": [
[
"聞",
"き"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kiku",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "聞き",
"roman": "kiki",
"ruby": [
[
"聞",
"き"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "聞いた",
"roman": "kiita",
"ruby": [
[
"聞",
"き"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-ku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "聞か",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きか",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kika",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "聞き",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kiki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "聞く",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kiku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "聞け",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きけ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kike",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "きかれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kikareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "きかせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "きかす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kikaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kikasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞ける",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "きける",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kikeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "聞こう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "きこう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kikō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きかない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kikanai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きかず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kikazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞きます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ききます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kikimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "聞いた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "きいた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kiita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "聞いて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "きいて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kiite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "聞けば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "きけば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kikeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "聞か",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きか",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kika",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "聞き",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kiki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞く",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "きく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kiku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞く",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kiku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "聞け",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きけ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kike",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "聞け",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きけ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kike",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きかず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kikazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞けど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "きけど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "kikedo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "聞けば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "きけば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kikeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "きかば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "kikaba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "聞きき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ききき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kikiki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "聞きけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ききけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kikikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "聞きつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "ききつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kikitu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "聞きぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "ききぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kikinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "聞けり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "聞きたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "きけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "ききたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kikitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "きかむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kikamu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-ex",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "聞き [kiki]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "聞く [kiku]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "聞いて [kiite]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かないで [kikanai de]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かなくて [kikanakute]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かない [kikanai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞きます [kikimasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "聞きません [kikimasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "聞いた [kiita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かなかった [kikanakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞きました [kikimashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "聞きませんでした [kikimasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かれ [kikare]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かれる [kikareru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かれない [kikarenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かれます [kikaremasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かれません [kikaremasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"passive",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かれた [kikareta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かれなかった [kikarenakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かれました [kikaremashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かれませんでした [kikaremasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かせ [kikase]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かせる [kikaseru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "short form: 聞かす [kikasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かせない [kikasenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かせます [kikasemasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かせません [kikasemasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かせた [kikaseta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かせなかった [kikasenakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かせました [kikasemashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かせませんでした [kikasemasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞け [kike]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "聞ける [kikeru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "聞けない [kikenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "聞けます [kikemasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"polite",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "聞けません [kikemasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"polite",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "聞けた [kiketa]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "聞けなかった [kikenakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"past",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "聞けました [kikemashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "聞けませんでした [kikemasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "聞け [kike]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞いてください [kiite kudasai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かないでください [kikanai de kudasai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞きなさい [kikinasai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞くな [kiku na]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞こう [kikō]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞きましょう [kikimashō]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "聞けば [kikeba]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かなければ [kikanakereba]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "colloquial: 聞かなきゃ [kikanakya]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞いたら [kiitara]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かなかったら [kikanakattara]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "standard: 聞かせられ [kikaserare]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "colloquial: 聞かされ [kikasare]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かせられる [kikaserareru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かされる [kikasareru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かせられない [kikaserarenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かされない [kikasarenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かせられます [kikaseraremasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かされます [kikasaremasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かせられません [kikaseraremasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かされません [kikasaremasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かせられた [kikaserareta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かされた [kikasareta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かせられなかった [kikaserarenakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かされなかった [kikasarenakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かせられました [kikaseraremashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かされました [kikasaremashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かせられませんでした [kikaseraremasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かされませんでした [kikasaremasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞きたい [kikitai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "聞きたくない [kikitaku nai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "For other desiderative forms",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞いている [kiite iru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "contraction: 聞いてる [kiiteru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "聞いていない [kiite inai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "contraction: 聞いてない [kiitenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞いています [kiite imasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "聞いていません [kiite imasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "聞いていた [kiite ita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "聞いていなかった [kiite inakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "聞いていました [kiite imashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "聞いていませんでした [kiite imasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-ex",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かぬ [kikanu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かん [kikan]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かず [kikazu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かず [kikazu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "聞いたり [kiitari]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "きく",
"tr": "trans",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "聞(き)く • (kiku) transitive godan (stem 聞(き)き (kiki), past 聞(き)いた (kiita))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "き",
"2": "4-k"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "き",
"2": "く"
},
"name": "ja-conj-ex"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "hear",
"roman": "kikoeru",
"ruby": [
[
"聞",
"き"
]
],
"word": "聞こえる"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "at TV or Video",
"roman": "shichō suru",
"ruby": [
[
"視",
"し"
],
[
"聴",
"ちょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "視聴する: watch and listen"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 21 21 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -ku",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 22 20 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 23 23 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 24 24 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "66 11 9 14",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Hearing",
"orig": "ja:Hearing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
7,
13
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
5,
9
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "If you listen closely, you can hear the cicadas.",
"roman": "Yoku kiku to semi no nakigoe ga kikoeru.",
"ruby": [
[
"聞",
"き"
],
[
"鳴",
"な"
],
[
"声",
"ごえ"
],
[
"聞",
"き"
]
],
"text": "よく聞くとセミの鳴き声が聞こえる。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
6,
14
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
9,
13
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
7
]
],
"english": "Never heard of such a thing, dude.",
"roman": "Sonna no kīta koto nai zo.",
"ruby": [
[
"聞",
"き"
]
],
"text": "そんなの聞いたことないぞ。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"聞く, 聴く: to hear, to listen"
],
"id": "en-聞く-ja-verb-6kKYMrmC",
"links": [
[
"聞く",
"聞く#Japanese"
],
[
"聴く",
"聴く#Japanese"
],
[
"聴",
"聴#Japanese"
],
[
"hear",
"hear"
],
[
"listen",
"listen"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 21 21 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -ku",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 22 20 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 23 23 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 24 24 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_literal_offsets": [
[
3,
13
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
10,
17
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
9
]
],
"english": "to be disobedient",
"literal_meaning": "to not listen to what is said",
"roman": "iu koto o kikanai",
"ruby": [
[
"言",
"い"
],
[
"聞",
"き"
]
],
"text": "言うことを聞かない",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"聞く: to obey"
],
"id": "en-聞く-ja-verb-n1gRgghv",
"links": [
[
"聞く",
"聞く#Japanese"
],
[
"obey",
"obey"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 21 21 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -ku",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 22 20 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 23 23 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 24 24 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
10,
17
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
9
]
],
"english": "When I asked my mom, she said no.",
"roman": "Okāsan ni kiitara, dame da tte.",
"ruby": [
[
"母",
"かあ"
],
[
"聞",
"き"
]
],
"text": "お母さんに聞いたら、だめだって。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
21,
26
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
37,
42
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
13
]
],
"english": "Since he was lost he asked me the way.",
"roman": "Michi ni mayotta kare wa, watashi ni kiita.",
"ruby": [
[
"道",
"みち"
],
[
"迷",
"まよ"
],
[
"彼",
"かれ"
],
[
"私",
"わたし"
],
[
"聞",
"き"
]
],
"text": "道に迷った彼は、私に聞いた。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"聞く, 訊く: to ask a question"
],
"id": "en-聞く-ja-verb-A1Eg-BvR",
"links": [
[
"聞く",
"聞く#Japanese"
],
[
"訊く",
"訊く#Japanese"
],
[
"ask",
"ask"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0",
"roman": "tazuneru",
"ruby": [
[
"尋",
"たず"
]
],
"sense": "ask",
"word": "尋ねる"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 15 15 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 21 21 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -ku",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 22 20 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 14 14 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 15 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 20 20 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 13 13 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 14 14 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 23 23 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 24 24 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
3,
8
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
5,
9
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "to smell the incense",
"roman": "kō o kiku",
"ruby": [
[
"香",
"こう"
],
[
"聞",
"き"
]
],
"text": "香を聞く",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
101,
105
]
],
"english": "Vocabulary of the Language of Japan",
"ref": "1603, Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki, page 132:",
"text": "Cǒ. カゥ （香） 沈香. Cǒuo taqu. (香を炷く) 芳香を放ち薫るように沈香を焚く. Cǒuo tomuru. (香をとむる) 沈香を薫らせる, または, 着物に薫りをつける. Cǒuo qiqu. (香を聞く) 香炉で焚く沈香や加羅などの香を嗅いで, その香の品質を見る, すなわち, 鑑定する.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"聞く: to smell, sniff"
],
"id": "en-聞く-ja-verb-V6Rj4RY0",
"links": [
[
"聞く",
"聞く#Japanese"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "きく"
},
{
"ipa": "[kʲi̥kɯ̟]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kojiki",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
"man'yōgana"
],
"word": "聞く"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese godan verbs",
"Japanese godan verbs ending with -ku",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese transitive verbs",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Hearing"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "きく"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "岐加受"
},
"expansion": "岐加受",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*kiku",
"sort": "きく"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *kiku",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates",
"name": "col-top"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kzg",
"2": "聞きゅい",
"sort": "きく",
"tr": "kikyui"
},
"expansion": "Kikai 聞きゅい (kikyui)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xug",
"2": "聞ちゅん",
"sort": "きく",
"tr": "hichun, shichun"
},
"expansion": "Kunigami 聞ちゅん (hichun, shichun)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mvi",
"2": "聞きぃ",
"sort": "きく",
"tr": "ksïksï"
},
"expansion": "Miyako 聞きぃ (ksïksï)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ryn",
"2": "聞きゅり",
"sort": "きく",
"tr": "kikyuri"
},
"expansion": "Northern Amami Ōshima 聞きゅり (kikyuri)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ryu",
"2": "聞ちゅん",
"sort": "きく",
"tr": "chichun"
},
"expansion": "Okinawan 聞ちゅん (chichun)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okn",
"2": "聞きゅん",
"sort": "きく",
"tr": "kikyun"
},
"expansion": "Okinoerabu 聞きゅん (kikyun)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ams",
"2": "聞きゅむっ",
"sort": "きく",
"tr": "xikyum"
},
"expansion": "Southern Amami Ōshima 聞きゅむっ (xikyum)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tkn",
"2": "聞き",
"3": "",
"sort": "きく",
"tr": "kiki"
},
"expansion": "Tokunoshima 聞き (kiki)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rys",
"2": "聞くん",
"sort": "きく",
"tr": "sïkun"
},
"expansion": "Yaeyama 聞くん (sïkun)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yoi",
"2": "聞ん",
"sort": "きく",
"tr": "kkun"
},
"expansion": "Yonaguni 聞ん (kkun)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yox",
"2": "聞きゅん",
"sort": "きく",
"tr": "kikyun"
},
"expansion": "Yoron 聞きゅん (kikyun)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. First appears in the Kojiki of 712 CE in its 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”), spelled in phonetic man'yōgana as 岐加受 (kikazu). Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *kiku.\nCognates\nIn the Ryukyuan branch of Japonic, cognate with Kikai 聞きゅい (kikyui), Kunigami 聞ちゅん (hichun, shichun), Miyako 聞きぃ (ksïksï), Northern Amami Ōshima 聞きゅり (kikyuri), Okinawan 聞ちゅん (chichun), Okinoerabu 聞きゅん (kikyun), Southern Amami Ōshima 聞きゅむっ (xikyum), Tokunoshima 聞き (kiki), Yaeyama 聞くん (sïkun), Yonaguni 聞ん (kkun), and Yoron 聞きゅん (kikyun).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "聞く",
"ruby": [
[
"聞",
"き"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kiku",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "聞き",
"roman": "kiki",
"ruby": [
[
"聞",
"き"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "聞いた",
"roman": "kiita",
"ruby": [
[
"聞",
"き"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-ku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "聞か",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きか",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kika",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "聞き",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kiki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "聞く",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kiku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "聞け",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きけ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kike",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "きかれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kikareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "きかせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "きかす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kikaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kikasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞ける",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "きける",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kikeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "聞こう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "きこう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kikō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きかない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kikanai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きかず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kikazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞きます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ききます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kikimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "聞いた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "きいた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kiita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "聞いて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "きいて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kiite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "聞けば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "きけば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kikeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "聞か",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きか",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kika",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "聞き",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kiki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞く",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "きく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kiku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞く",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kiku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "聞け",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きけ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kike",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "聞け",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きけ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kike",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きかず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kikazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞けど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "きけど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "kikedo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "聞けば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "きけば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kikeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "きかば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "kikaba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "聞きき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ききき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kikiki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "聞きけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ききけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kikikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "聞きつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "ききつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kikitu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "聞きぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "ききぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kikinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "聞けり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "聞きたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "きけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "ききたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kikitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "きかむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kikamu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-ex",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "聞き [kiki]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "聞く [kiku]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "聞いて [kiite]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かないで [kikanai de]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かなくて [kikanakute]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かない [kikanai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞きます [kikimasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "聞きません [kikimasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "聞いた [kiita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かなかった [kikanakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞きました [kikimashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "聞きませんでした [kikimasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かれ [kikare]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かれる [kikareru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かれない [kikarenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かれます [kikaremasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かれません [kikaremasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"passive",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かれた [kikareta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かれなかった [kikarenakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かれました [kikaremashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かれませんでした [kikaremasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かせ [kikase]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かせる [kikaseru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "short form: 聞かす [kikasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かせない [kikasenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かせます [kikasemasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かせません [kikasemasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かせた [kikaseta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かせなかった [kikasenakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かせました [kikasemashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かせませんでした [kikasemasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞け [kike]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "聞ける [kikeru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "聞けない [kikenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "聞けます [kikemasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"polite",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "聞けません [kikemasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"polite",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "聞けた [kiketa]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "聞けなかった [kikenakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"past",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "聞けました [kikemashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "聞けませんでした [kikemasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "聞け [kike]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞いてください [kiite kudasai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かないでください [kikanai de kudasai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞きなさい [kikinasai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞くな [kiku na]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞こう [kikō]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞きましょう [kikimashō]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "聞けば [kikeba]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かなければ [kikanakereba]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "colloquial: 聞かなきゃ [kikanakya]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞いたら [kiitara]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かなかったら [kikanakattara]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "standard: 聞かせられ [kikaserare]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "colloquial: 聞かされ [kikasare]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かせられる [kikaserareru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かされる [kikasareru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かせられない [kikaserarenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かされない [kikasarenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かせられます [kikaseraremasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かされます [kikasaremasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かせられません [kikaseraremasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かされません [kikasaremasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かせられた [kikaserareta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かされた [kikasareta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かせられなかった [kikaserarenakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かされなかった [kikasarenakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かせられました [kikaseraremashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かされました [kikasaremashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かせられませんでした [kikaseraremasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かされませんでした [kikasaremasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞きたい [kikitai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "聞きたくない [kikitaku nai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "For other desiderative forms",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞いている [kiite iru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "contraction: 聞いてる [kiiteru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "聞いていない [kiite inai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "contraction: 聞いてない [kiitenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞いています [kiite imasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "聞いていません [kiite imasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "聞いていた [kiite ita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "聞いていなかった [kiite inakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "聞いていました [kiite imashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "聞いていませんでした [kiite imasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-ex",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かぬ [kikanu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かん [kikan]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かず [kikazu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "聞かず [kikazu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "聞いたり [kiitari]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "きく",
"tr": "trans",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "聞(き)く • (kiku) transitive godan (stem 聞(き)き (kiki), past 聞(き)いた (kiita))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "き",
"2": "4-k"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "き",
"2": "く"
},
"name": "ja-conj-ex"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"english": "hear",
"roman": "kikoeru",
"ruby": [
[
"聞",
"き"
]
],
"word": "聞こえる"
},
{
"english": "at TV or Video",
"roman": "shichō suru",
"ruby": [
[
"視",
"し"
],
[
"聴",
"ちょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "視聴する: watch and listen"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
7,
13
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
5,
9
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "If you listen closely, you can hear the cicadas.",
"roman": "Yoku kiku to semi no nakigoe ga kikoeru.",
"ruby": [
[
"聞",
"き"
],
[
"鳴",
"な"
],
[
"声",
"ごえ"
],
[
"聞",
"き"
]
],
"text": "よく聞くとセミの鳴き声が聞こえる。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
6,
14
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
9,
13
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
7
]
],
"english": "Never heard of such a thing, dude.",
"roman": "Sonna no kīta koto nai zo.",
"ruby": [
[
"聞",
"き"
]
],
"text": "そんなの聞いたことないぞ。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"聞く, 聴く: to hear, to listen"
],
"links": [
[
"聞く",
"聞く#Japanese"
],
[
"聴く",
"聴く#Japanese"
],
[
"聴",
"聴#Japanese"
],
[
"hear",
"hear"
],
[
"listen",
"listen"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_literal_offsets": [
[
3,
13
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
10,
17
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
9
]
],
"english": "to be disobedient",
"literal_meaning": "to not listen to what is said",
"roman": "iu koto o kikanai",
"ruby": [
[
"言",
"い"
],
[
"聞",
"き"
]
],
"text": "言うことを聞かない",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"聞く: to obey"
],
"links": [
[
"聞く",
"聞く#Japanese"
],
[
"obey",
"obey"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
10,
17
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
9
]
],
"english": "When I asked my mom, she said no.",
"roman": "Okāsan ni kiitara, dame da tte.",
"ruby": [
[
"母",
"かあ"
],
[
"聞",
"き"
]
],
"text": "お母さんに聞いたら、だめだって。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
21,
26
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
37,
42
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
13
]
],
"english": "Since he was lost he asked me the way.",
"roman": "Michi ni mayotta kare wa, watashi ni kiita.",
"ruby": [
[
"道",
"みち"
],
[
"迷",
"まよ"
],
[
"彼",
"かれ"
],
[
"私",
"わたし"
],
[
"聞",
"き"
]
],
"text": "道に迷った彼は、私に聞いた。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"聞く, 訊く: to ask a question"
],
"links": [
[
"聞く",
"聞く#Japanese"
],
[
"訊く",
"訊く#Japanese"
],
[
"ask",
"ask"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with quotations",
"Japanese terms with usage examples",
"Requests for translations of Portuguese quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
3,
8
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
5,
9
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "to smell the incense",
"roman": "kō o kiku",
"ruby": [
[
"香",
"こう"
],
[
"聞",
"き"
]
],
"text": "香を聞く",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
101,
105
]
],
"english": "Vocabulary of the Language of Japan",
"ref": "1603, Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki, page 132:",
"text": "Cǒ. カゥ （香） 沈香. Cǒuo taqu. (香を炷く) 芳香を放ち薫るように沈香を焚く. Cǒuo tomuru. (香をとむる) 沈香を薫らせる, または, 着物に薫りをつける. Cǒuo qiqu. (香を聞く) 香炉で焚く沈香や加羅などの香を嗅いで, その香の品質を見る, すなわち, 鑑定する.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"聞く: to smell, sniff"
],
"links": [
[
"聞く",
"聞く#Japanese"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "きく"
},
{
"ipa": "[kʲi̥kɯ̟]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "tazuneru",
"ruby": [
[
"尋",
"たず"
]
],
"sense": "ask",
"word": "尋ねる"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kojiki",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
"man'yōgana"
],
"word": "聞く"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 聞く meaning in Japanese (25.8kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"聞く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "聞く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"聞く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "聞く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"聞く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "聞く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"聞く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "聞く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"聞く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "聞く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"聞く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "聞く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"聞く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "聞く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative form\")'",
"path": [
"聞く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "聞く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive form\")'",
"path": [
"聞く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "聞く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: 聞く/Japanese 'Plain' base_tags={'conjunctive'}",
"path": [
"聞く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "聞く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: 聞く/Japanese 'Plain' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'polite'}",
"path": [
"聞く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "聞く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Verb stem'",
"path": [
"聞く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "聞く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: 聞く/Japanese 'Plain' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'passive'}",
"path": [
"聞く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "聞く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Polite past'",
"path": [
"聞く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "聞く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Verb stem'",
"path": [
"聞く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "聞く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: 聞く/Japanese 'Plain' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'causative'}",
"path": [
"聞く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "聞く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Polite past'",
"path": [
"聞く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "聞く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Verb stem'",
"path": [
"聞く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "聞く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: 聞く/Japanese 'Plain' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'potential'}",
"path": [
"聞く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "聞く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Polite past'",
"path": [
"聞く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "聞く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei / Firm instruction'",
"path": [
"聞く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "聞く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Polite request'",
"path": [
"聞く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "聞く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: '-nasai form'",
"path": [
"聞く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "聞く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Prohibitive / Do not 〜'",
"path": [
"聞く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "聞く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: 聞く/Japanese 'Plain' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'imperative'}",
"path": [
"聞く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "聞く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Hypothetical / Provisional'",
"path": [
"聞く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "聞く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: '-tara form'",
"path": [
"聞く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "聞く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Verb stem'",
"path": [
"聞く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "聞く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: 聞く/Japanese 'Plain' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'conditional'}",
"path": [
"聞く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "聞く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Polite past'",
"path": [
"聞く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "聞く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: 聞く/Japanese 'Plain' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'desiderative'}",
"path": [
"聞く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "聞く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: 聞く/Japanese 'Plain' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'desiderative'}",
"path": [
"聞く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "聞く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Polite past'",
"path": [
"聞く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "聞く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Archaic or classical negative'",
"path": [
"聞く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "聞く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Archaic attributive negative'",
"path": [
"聞く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "聞く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Colloquial or dialectal -ん negative'",
"path": [
"聞く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "聞く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: '(〜に): without 〜ing'",
"path": [
"聞く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "聞く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Representative / Listing examples'",
"path": [
"聞く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "聞く",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (3dadd05 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.