"聞く" meaning in Japanese

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "きく"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "nodots": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "C.E."
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "CE"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "岐加受"
      },
      "expansion": "岐加受",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "jpx-pro",
        "3": "*kiku",
        "sort": "きく"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Japonic *kiku",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "2",
        "2": "cog"
      },
      "expansion": "Cognates",
      "name": "col-top"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kzg",
        "2": "聞きゅい",
        "sort": "きく",
        "tr": "kikyui"
      },
      "expansion": "Kikai 聞きゅい (kikyui)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xug",
        "2": "聞ちゅん",
        "sort": "きく",
        "tr": "hichun, shichun"
      },
      "expansion": "Kunigami 聞ちゅん (hichun, shichun)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mvi",
        "2": "聞きぃ",
        "sort": "きく",
        "tr": "ksïksï"
      },
      "expansion": "Miyako 聞きぃ (ksïksï)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ryn",
        "2": "聞きゅり",
        "sort": "きく",
        "tr": "kikyuri"
      },
      "expansion": "Northern Amami Ōshima 聞きゅり (kikyuri)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ryu",
        "2": "聞ちゅん",
        "sort": "きく",
        "tr": "chichun"
      },
      "expansion": "Okinawan 聞ちゅん (chichun)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okn",
        "2": "聞きゅん",
        "sort": "きく",
        "tr": "kikyun"
      },
      "expansion": "Okinoerabu 聞きゅん (kikyun)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ams",
        "2": "聞きゅむっ",
        "sort": "きく",
        "tr": "xikyum"
      },
      "expansion": "Southern Amami Ōshima 聞きゅむっ (xikyum)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tkn",
        "2": "聞き",
        "3": "",
        "sort": "きく",
        "tr": "kiki"
      },
      "expansion": "Tokunoshima 聞き (kiki)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rys",
        "2": "聞くん",
        "sort": "きく",
        "tr": "sïkun"
      },
      "expansion": "Yaeyama 聞くん (sïkun)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yoi",
        "2": "聞ん",
        "sort": "きく",
        "tr": "kkun"
      },
      "expansion": "Yonaguni 聞ん (kkun)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yox",
        "2": "聞きゅん",
        "sort": "きく",
        "tr": "kikyun"
      },
      "expansion": "Yoron 聞きゅん (kikyun)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. First appears in the Kojiki of 712 CE in its 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”), spelled in phonetic man'yōgana as 岐加受 (kikazu). Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *kiku.\nCognates\nIn the Ryukyuan branch of Japonic, cognate with Kikai 聞きゅい (kikyui), Kunigami 聞ちゅん (hichun, shichun), Miyako 聞きぃ (ksïksï), Northern Amami Ōshima 聞きゅり (kikyuri), Okinawan 聞ちゅん (chichun), Okinoerabu 聞きゅん (kikyun), Southern Amami Ōshima 聞きゅむっ (xikyum), Tokunoshima 聞き (kiki), Yaeyama 聞くん (sïkun), Yonaguni 聞ん (kkun), and Yoron 聞きゅん (kikyun).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "聞く",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "聞",
          "き"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiku",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞き",
      "roman": "kiki",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "聞",
          "き"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞いた",
      "roman": "kiita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "聞",
          "き"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-go-ku",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞か",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きか",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kika",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞き",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きき",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiki",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞く",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きく",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiku",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞け",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きけ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kike",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞かれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きかれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kikareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞かせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞かす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きかせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きかす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kikaseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kikasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞ける",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きける",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kikeru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞こう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きこう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kikō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞かない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きかない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kikanai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞かず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きかず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kikazu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞きます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ききます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kikimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞いた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きいた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞いて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きいて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞けば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きけば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kikeba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-conj-bungo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞か",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きか",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kika",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞き",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きき",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiki",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞く",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きく",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiku",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞く",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きく",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiku",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞け",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きけ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kike",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞け",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きけ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kike",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞かず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きかず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kikazu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞けど",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きけど",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kikedo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞けば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きけば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kikeba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞かば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きかば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kikaba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞きき",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ききき",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kikiki",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞きけり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ききけり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kikikeri",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞きつ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ききつ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kikitu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞きぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ききぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kikinu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞けり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞きたり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きけり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ききたり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kikeri",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kikitari",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞かむ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きかむ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kikamu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "きく",
        "tr": "trans",
        "type": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "聞(き)く • (kiku) transitive godan (stem 聞(き)き (kiki), past 聞(き)いた (kiita))",
      "name": "ja-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "き",
        "2": "4-k"
      },
      "name": "ja-conj-bungo"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "english": "hear",
      "roman": "kikoeru",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "聞",
          "き"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "聞こえる"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "english": "at TV or Video",
      "roman": "shichō suru",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "視",
          "し"
        ],
        [
          "聴",
          "ちょう"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "視聴する: watch and listen"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "29 21 21 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -ku",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 19 19 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 6 5 38",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ja",
          "name": "Hearing",
          "orig": "ja:Hearing",
          "parents": [
            "Senses",
            "Perception",
            "Body",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "If you listen closely, you can hear the cicadas.",
          "roman": "Yoku kiku to semi no nakigoe ga kikoeru.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "聞",
              "き"
            ],
            [
              "鳴",
              "な"
            ],
            [
              "声",
              "ごえ"
            ],
            [
              "聞",
              "き"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "よく聞くとセミの鳴き声が聞こえる。",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Never heard of such a thing, dude.",
          "roman": "Sonna no kīta koto nai zo.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "聞",
              "き"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "そんなの聞いたことないぞ。",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "聞く, 聴く: to hear, to listen"
      ],
      "id": "en-聞く-ja-verb-6kKYMrmC",
      "links": [
        [
          "聞く",
          "聞く#Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "聴く",
          "聴く#Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "聴",
          "聴#Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "hear",
          "hear"
        ],
        [
          "listen",
          "listen"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "29 21 21 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -ku",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 19 19 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to be disobedient",
          "literal_meaning": "to not listen to what is said",
          "roman": "iu koto o kikanai",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "言",
              "い"
            ],
            [
              "聞",
              "き"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "言うことを聞かない",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "聞く: to obey"
      ],
      "id": "en-聞く-ja-verb-n1gRgghv",
      "links": [
        [
          "聞く",
          "聞く#Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "obey",
          "obey"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "29 21 21 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -ku",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 19 19 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "When I asked my mom, she said no.",
          "roman": "Okāsan ni kiitara, dame da tte.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "母",
              "かあ"
            ],
            [
              "聞",
              "き"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "お母さんに聞いたら、だめだって。",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Since he was lost he asked me the way.",
          "roman": "Michi ni mayotta kare wa, watashi ni kiita.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "道",
              "みち"
            ],
            [
              "迷",
              "まよ"
            ],
            [
              "彼",
              "かれ"
            ],
            [
              "私",
              "わたし"
            ],
            [
              "聞",
              "き"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "道に迷った彼は、私に聞いた。",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "聞く, 訊く: to ask a question"
      ],
      "id": "en-聞く-ja-verb-A1Eg-BvR",
      "links": [
        [
          "聞く",
          "聞く#Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "訊く",
          "訊く#Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "ask",
          "ask"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 100 0",
          "roman": "tazuneru",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "尋",
              "たず"
            ]
          ],
          "sense": "ask",
          "word": "尋ねる"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "16 11 11 62",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 21 21 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -ku",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 11 10 64",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 8 8 72",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 8 8 72",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 19 19 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 7 7 74",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 8 8 73",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 15 15 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 13 13 59",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to smell the incense",
          "roman": "kō o kiku",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "香",
              "こう"
            ],
            [
              "聞",
              "き"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "香を聞く",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Vocabulary of the Language of Japan",
          "ref": "1603, Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki, page 132:",
          "text": "Cǒ. カゥ （香） 沈香. Cǒuo taqu. (香を炷く) 芳香を放ち薫るように沈香を焚く. Cǒuo tomuru. (香をとむる) 沈香を薫らせる, または, 着物に薫りをつける. Cǒuo qiqu. (香を聞く) 香炉で焚く沈香や加羅などの香を嗅いで, その香の品質を見る, すなわち, 鑑定する.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "聞く: to smell, sniff"
      ],
      "id": "en-聞く-ja-verb-V6Rj4RY0",
      "links": [
        [
          "聞く",
          "聞く#Japanese"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "きく"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʲi̥kɯ̟]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Kojiki",
    "Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
    "man'yōgana"
  ],
  "word": "聞く"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese godan verbs",
    "Japanese godan verbs ending with -ku",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with manual fragments",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
    "Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
    "Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese transitive verbs",
    "Japanese verbs",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "ja:Hearing"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "きく"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "nodots": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "C.E."
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "CE"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "岐加受"
      },
      "expansion": "岐加受",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "jpx-pro",
        "3": "*kiku",
        "sort": "きく"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Japonic *kiku",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "2",
        "2": "cog"
      },
      "expansion": "Cognates",
      "name": "col-top"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kzg",
        "2": "聞きゅい",
        "sort": "きく",
        "tr": "kikyui"
      },
      "expansion": "Kikai 聞きゅい (kikyui)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xug",
        "2": "聞ちゅん",
        "sort": "きく",
        "tr": "hichun, shichun"
      },
      "expansion": "Kunigami 聞ちゅん (hichun, shichun)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mvi",
        "2": "聞きぃ",
        "sort": "きく",
        "tr": "ksïksï"
      },
      "expansion": "Miyako 聞きぃ (ksïksï)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ryn",
        "2": "聞きゅり",
        "sort": "きく",
        "tr": "kikyuri"
      },
      "expansion": "Northern Amami Ōshima 聞きゅり (kikyuri)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ryu",
        "2": "聞ちゅん",
        "sort": "きく",
        "tr": "chichun"
      },
      "expansion": "Okinawan 聞ちゅん (chichun)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okn",
        "2": "聞きゅん",
        "sort": "きく",
        "tr": "kikyun"
      },
      "expansion": "Okinoerabu 聞きゅん (kikyun)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ams",
        "2": "聞きゅむっ",
        "sort": "きく",
        "tr": "xikyum"
      },
      "expansion": "Southern Amami Ōshima 聞きゅむっ (xikyum)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tkn",
        "2": "聞き",
        "3": "",
        "sort": "きく",
        "tr": "kiki"
      },
      "expansion": "Tokunoshima 聞き (kiki)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rys",
        "2": "聞くん",
        "sort": "きく",
        "tr": "sïkun"
      },
      "expansion": "Yaeyama 聞くん (sïkun)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yoi",
        "2": "聞ん",
        "sort": "きく",
        "tr": "kkun"
      },
      "expansion": "Yonaguni 聞ん (kkun)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yox",
        "2": "聞きゅん",
        "sort": "きく",
        "tr": "kikyun"
      },
      "expansion": "Yoron 聞きゅん (kikyun)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. First appears in the Kojiki of 712 CE in its 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”), spelled in phonetic man'yōgana as 岐加受 (kikazu). Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *kiku.\nCognates\nIn the Ryukyuan branch of Japonic, cognate with Kikai 聞きゅい (kikyui), Kunigami 聞ちゅん (hichun, shichun), Miyako 聞きぃ (ksïksï), Northern Amami Ōshima 聞きゅり (kikyuri), Okinawan 聞ちゅん (chichun), Okinoerabu 聞きゅん (kikyun), Southern Amami Ōshima 聞きゅむっ (xikyum), Tokunoshima 聞き (kiki), Yaeyama 聞くん (sïkun), Yonaguni 聞ん (kkun), and Yoron 聞きゅん (kikyun).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "聞く",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "聞",
          "き"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiku",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞き",
      "roman": "kiki",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "聞",
          "き"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞いた",
      "roman": "kiita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "聞",
          "き"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-go-ku",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞か",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きか",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kika",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞き",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きき",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiki",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞く",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きく",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiku",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞け",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きけ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kike",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞かれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きかれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kikareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞かせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞かす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きかせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きかす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kikaseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kikasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞ける",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きける",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kikeru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞こう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きこう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kikō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞かない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きかない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kikanai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞かず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きかず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kikazu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞きます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ききます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kikimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞いた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きいた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞いて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きいて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞けば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きけば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kikeba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-conj-bungo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞か",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きか",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kika",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞き",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きき",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiki",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞く",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きく",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiku",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞く",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きく",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiku",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞け",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きけ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kike",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞け",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きけ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kike",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞かず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きかず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kikazu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞けど",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きけど",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kikedo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞けば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きけば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kikeba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞かば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きかば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kikaba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞きき",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ききき",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kikiki",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞きけり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ききけり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kikikeri",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞きつ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ききつ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kikitu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞きぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ききぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kikinu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞けり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞きたり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きけり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ききたり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kikeri",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kikitari",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "聞かむ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きかむ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kikamu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "きく",
        "tr": "trans",
        "type": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "聞(き)く • (kiku) transitive godan (stem 聞(き)き (kiki), past 聞(き)いた (kiita))",
      "name": "ja-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "き",
        "2": "4-k"
      },
      "name": "ja-conj-bungo"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "hear",
      "roman": "kikoeru",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "聞",
          "き"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "聞こえる"
    },
    {
      "english": "at TV or Video",
      "roman": "shichō suru",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "視",
          "し"
        ],
        [
          "聴",
          "ちょう"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "視聴する: watch and listen"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "If you listen closely, you can hear the cicadas.",
          "roman": "Yoku kiku to semi no nakigoe ga kikoeru.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "聞",
              "き"
            ],
            [
              "鳴",
              "な"
            ],
            [
              "声",
              "ごえ"
            ],
            [
              "聞",
              "き"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "よく聞くとセミの鳴き声が聞こえる。",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Never heard of such a thing, dude.",
          "roman": "Sonna no kīta koto nai zo.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "聞",
              "き"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "そんなの聞いたことないぞ。",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "聞く, 聴く: to hear, to listen"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "聞く",
          "聞く#Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "聴く",
          "聴く#Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "聴",
          "聴#Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "hear",
          "hear"
        ],
        [
          "listen",
          "listen"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to be disobedient",
          "literal_meaning": "to not listen to what is said",
          "roman": "iu koto o kikanai",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "言",
              "い"
            ],
            [
              "聞",
              "き"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "言うことを聞かない",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "聞く: to obey"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "聞く",
          "聞く#Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "obey",
          "obey"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "When I asked my mom, she said no.",
          "roman": "Okāsan ni kiitara, dame da tte.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "母",
              "かあ"
            ],
            [
              "聞",
              "き"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "お母さんに聞いたら、だめだって。",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Since he was lost he asked me the way.",
          "roman": "Michi ni mayotta kare wa, watashi ni kiita.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "道",
              "みち"
            ],
            [
              "迷",
              "まよ"
            ],
            [
              "彼",
              "かれ"
            ],
            [
              "私",
              "わたし"
            ],
            [
              "聞",
              "き"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "道に迷った彼は、私に聞いた。",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "聞く, 訊く: to ask a question"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "聞く",
          "聞く#Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "訊く",
          "訊く#Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "ask",
          "ask"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with quotations",
        "Japanese terms with usage examples",
        "Requests for translations of Portuguese quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to smell the incense",
          "roman": "kō o kiku",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "香",
              "こう"
            ],
            [
              "聞",
              "き"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "香を聞く",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Vocabulary of the Language of Japan",
          "ref": "1603, Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki, page 132:",
          "text": "Cǒ. カゥ （香） 沈香. Cǒuo taqu. (香を炷く) 芳香を放ち薫るように沈香を焚く. Cǒuo tomuru. (香をとむる) 沈香を薫らせる, または, 着物に薫りをつける. Cǒuo qiqu. (香を聞く) 香炉で焚く沈香や加羅などの香を嗅いで, その香の品質を見る, すなわち, 鑑定する.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "聞く: to smell, sniff"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "聞く",
          "聞く#Japanese"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "きく"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʲi̥kɯ̟]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "tazuneru",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "尋",
          "たず"
        ]
      ],
      "sense": "ask",
      "word": "尋ねる"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Kojiki",
    "Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
    "man'yōgana"
  ],
  "word": "聞く"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "聞く"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "聞く",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
  "path": [
    "聞く"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "聞く",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
  "path": [
    "聞く"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "聞く",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
  "path": [
    "聞く"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "聞く",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
  "path": [
    "聞く"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "聞く",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
  "path": [
    "聞く"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "聞く",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
  "path": [
    "聞く"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "聞く",
  "trace": ""
}