See 窄める in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "The transitive form of 窄む (subomu, “to become tapered, pulled together, scrunched up”), from the adjective 窄い (suboi, “tapered, pulled together, scrunched up”) + verb suffix む (mu, “to be like, to become like”).\nRoot stem /subo-/ is semantically and phonetically similar to root /ɕibo/ (a pucker or wrinkle; see 皺 (shibo)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "窄める",
"ruby": [
[
"窄",
"すぼ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "subomeru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "窄め",
"roman": "subome",
"ruby": [
[
"窄",
"すぼ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めた",
"roman": "subometa",
"ruby": [
[
"窄",
"すぼ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-ichi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "窄め",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "すぼめ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "subome",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "窄める",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "すぼめる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "subomeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "すぼめれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "subomere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "すぼめよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "すぼめろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "subomeyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "subomero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "窄められる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "すぼめられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "subomerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "すぼめさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "すぼめさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "subomesaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "subomesasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "窄められる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "すぼめられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "すぼめれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "subomerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "subomereru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "すぼめよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "subomeyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "すぼめない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "すぼめぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "すぼめん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "subomenai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "subomenu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "subomen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "すぼめず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "subomezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "すぼめます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "subomemasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "すぼめた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "subometa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "すぼめて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "subomete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "すぼめれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "subomereba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "すぼめる",
"tr": "trans",
"type": "2"
},
"expansion": "窄(すぼ)める • (subomeru) transitive ichidan (stem 窄(すぼ)め (subome), past 窄(すぼ)めた (subometa))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "to become tapered, pulled together, scrunched up",
"roman": "subomaru",
"ruby": [
[
"窄",
"すぼ"
]
],
"word": "窄まる"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 31 31 3 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 28 28 6 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 30 30 4 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 30 30 4 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 21 21 12 13 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 29 4 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 30 30 4 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 30 30 4 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 31 31 2 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to make something become tapered, pulled together, scrunched up:",
"to shut or fold (an umbrella)"
],
"id": "en-窄める-ja-verb-80~bs6aC",
"links": [
[
"tapered",
"tapered"
],
[
"scrunched",
"scrunched"
],
[
"shut",
"shut"
],
[
"fold",
"fold"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 31 31 3 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 28 28 6 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 30 30 4 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 30 30 4 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 21 21 12 13 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 29 4 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 30 30 4 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 30 30 4 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 31 31 2 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to make something become tapered, pulled together, scrunched up:",
"to shrug (one's shoulders)"
],
"id": "en-窄める-ja-verb-X1AVElCj",
"links": [
[
"tapered",
"tapered"
],
[
"scrunched",
"scrunched"
],
[
"shrug",
"shrug"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 31 31 3 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 28 28 6 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 30 30 4 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 30 30 4 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 21 21 12 13 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 29 4 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 30 30 4 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 30 30 4 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 31 31 2 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to make something become tapered, pulled together, scrunched up:",
"to pucker or purse (one's lips)"
],
"id": "en-窄める-ja-verb-fw~tK5Nm",
"links": [
[
"tapered",
"tapered"
],
[
"scrunched",
"scrunched"
],
[
"pucker",
"pucker"
],
[
"purse",
"purse"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "すぼめる"
},
{
"other": "すぼめる"
},
{
"ipa": "[sɨbo̞me̞ɾɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "窄める"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "窄める",
"2": "つぼめる",
"linkto": "",
"rom": "-"
},
"expansion": "窄(つぼ)める",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "窄まる",
"2": "つぼまる",
"linkto": "",
"rom": "-"
},
"expansion": "窄(つぼ)まる",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "窄める",
"2": "窄まる",
"3": "つぼめる",
"4": "つぼまる"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ja-vp"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The transitive form of 窄む (tsubomu, “to be narrowed, scrunched up”), probably as a shift from /subomu/ influenced by 蕾む / 莟む (tsubomu, “to form a bud”), ultimately from root /t͡subo/ (a container, a vessel) + verb suffix む (mu, “to be like, to become like”): see 壺 (tsubo, “a vessel, a basin, a container”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "窄める",
"ruby": [
[
"窄",
"つぼ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubomeru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "窄め",
"roman": "tsubome",
"ruby": [
[
"窄",
"つぼ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めた",
"roman": "tsubometa",
"ruby": [
[
"窄",
"つぼ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-ichi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "窄め",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "つぼめ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubome",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "窄める",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "つぼめる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubomeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "つぼめれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubomere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "つぼめよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "つぼめろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubomeyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubomero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "窄められる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "つぼめられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubomerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "つぼめさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "つぼめさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubomesaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubomesasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "窄められる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "つぼめられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "つぼめれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubomerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubomereru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "つぼめよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubomeyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つぼめない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つぼめぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つぼめん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubomenai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubomenu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubomen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つぼめず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubomezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "つぼめます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubomemasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "つぼめた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubometa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "つぼめて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubomete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "つぼめれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubomereba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "つぼめる",
"tr": "trans",
"type": "2"
},
"expansion": "窄(つぼ)める • (tsubomeru) transitive ichidan (stem 窄(つぼ)め (tsubome), past 窄(つぼ)めた (tsubometa))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "to become narrowed, pulled together, scrunched up",
"roman": "tsubomaru",
"ruby": [
[
"窄",
"つぼ"
]
],
"word": "窄まる"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 21 21 12 13 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to narrow something, to scrunch something up:",
"to shut or fold (an umbrella)"
],
"id": "en-窄める-ja-verb-YqH2gVHI",
"links": [
[
"shut",
"shut"
],
[
"fold",
"fold"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 21 21 12 13 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to narrow something, to scrunch something up:",
"to shrug (one's shoulders)"
],
"id": "en-窄める-ja-verb-FwnsFh6D",
"links": [
[
"shrug",
"shrug"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 21 21 12 13 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to narrow something, to scrunch something up:",
"to pucker or purse (one's lips)"
],
"id": "en-窄める-ja-verb-C6D18Nos",
"links": [
[
"pucker",
"pucker"
],
[
"purse",
"purse"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "つぼめる"
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡sɨbo̞me̞ɾɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "窄める"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese ichidan verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese shimo ichidan verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese transitive verbs",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "The transitive form of 窄む (subomu, “to become tapered, pulled together, scrunched up”), from the adjective 窄い (suboi, “tapered, pulled together, scrunched up”) + verb suffix む (mu, “to be like, to become like”).\nRoot stem /subo-/ is semantically and phonetically similar to root /ɕibo/ (a pucker or wrinkle; see 皺 (shibo)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "窄める",
"ruby": [
[
"窄",
"すぼ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "subomeru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "窄め",
"roman": "subome",
"ruby": [
[
"窄",
"すぼ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めた",
"roman": "subometa",
"ruby": [
[
"窄",
"すぼ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-ichi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "窄め",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "すぼめ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "subome",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "窄める",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "すぼめる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "subomeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "すぼめれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "subomere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "すぼめよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "すぼめろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "subomeyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "subomero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "窄められる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "すぼめられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "subomerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "すぼめさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "すぼめさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "subomesaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "subomesasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "窄められる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "すぼめられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "すぼめれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "subomerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "subomereru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "すぼめよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "subomeyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "すぼめない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "すぼめぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "すぼめん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "subomenai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "subomenu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "subomen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "すぼめず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "subomezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "すぼめます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "subomemasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "すぼめた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "subometa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "すぼめて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "subomete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "すぼめれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "subomereba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "すぼめる",
"tr": "trans",
"type": "2"
},
"expansion": "窄(すぼ)める • (subomeru) transitive ichidan (stem 窄(すぼ)め (subome), past 窄(すぼ)めた (subometa))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"english": "to become tapered, pulled together, scrunched up",
"roman": "subomaru",
"ruby": [
[
"窄",
"すぼ"
]
],
"word": "窄まる"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to make something become tapered, pulled together, scrunched up:",
"to shut or fold (an umbrella)"
],
"links": [
[
"tapered",
"tapered"
],
[
"scrunched",
"scrunched"
],
[
"shut",
"shut"
],
[
"fold",
"fold"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to make something become tapered, pulled together, scrunched up:",
"to shrug (one's shoulders)"
],
"links": [
[
"tapered",
"tapered"
],
[
"scrunched",
"scrunched"
],
[
"shrug",
"shrug"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to make something become tapered, pulled together, scrunched up:",
"to pucker or purse (one's lips)"
],
"links": [
[
"tapered",
"tapered"
],
[
"scrunched",
"scrunched"
],
[
"pucker",
"pucker"
],
[
"purse",
"purse"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "すぼめる"
},
{
"other": "すぼめる"
},
{
"ipa": "[sɨbo̞me̞ɾɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "窄める"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese ichidan verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese shimo ichidan verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese transitive verbs",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "窄める",
"2": "つぼめる",
"linkto": "",
"rom": "-"
},
"expansion": "窄(つぼ)める",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "窄まる",
"2": "つぼまる",
"linkto": "",
"rom": "-"
},
"expansion": "窄(つぼ)まる",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "窄める",
"2": "窄まる",
"3": "つぼめる",
"4": "つぼまる"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ja-vp"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The transitive form of 窄む (tsubomu, “to be narrowed, scrunched up”), probably as a shift from /subomu/ influenced by 蕾む / 莟む (tsubomu, “to form a bud”), ultimately from root /t͡subo/ (a container, a vessel) + verb suffix む (mu, “to be like, to become like”): see 壺 (tsubo, “a vessel, a basin, a container”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "窄める",
"ruby": [
[
"窄",
"つぼ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubomeru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "窄め",
"roman": "tsubome",
"ruby": [
[
"窄",
"つぼ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めた",
"roman": "tsubometa",
"ruby": [
[
"窄",
"つぼ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-ichi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "窄め",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "つぼめ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubome",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "窄める",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "つぼめる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubomeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "つぼめれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubomere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "つぼめよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "つぼめろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubomeyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubomero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "窄められる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "つぼめられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubomerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "つぼめさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "つぼめさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubomesaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubomesasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "窄められる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "つぼめられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "つぼめれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubomerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubomereru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "つぼめよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubomeyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つぼめない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つぼめぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つぼめん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubomenai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubomenu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubomen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つぼめず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubomezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "つぼめます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubomemasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "つぼめた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubometa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "つぼめて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubomete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "窄めれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "つぼめれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "tsubomereba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "つぼめる",
"tr": "trans",
"type": "2"
},
"expansion": "窄(つぼ)める • (tsubomeru) transitive ichidan (stem 窄(つぼ)め (tsubome), past 窄(つぼ)めた (tsubometa))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"english": "to become narrowed, pulled together, scrunched up",
"roman": "tsubomaru",
"ruby": [
[
"窄",
"つぼ"
]
],
"word": "窄まる"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to narrow something, to scrunch something up:",
"to shut or fold (an umbrella)"
],
"links": [
[
"shut",
"shut"
],
[
"fold",
"fold"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to narrow something, to scrunch something up:",
"to shrug (one's shoulders)"
],
"links": [
[
"shrug",
"shrug"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to narrow something, to scrunch something up:",
"to pucker or purse (one's lips)"
],
"links": [
[
"pucker",
"pucker"
],
[
"purse",
"purse"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "つぼめる"
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡sɨbo̞me̞ɾɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "窄める"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 窄める meaning in Japanese (14.5kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"窄める"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "窄める",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"窄める"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "窄める",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"窄める"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "窄める",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"窄める"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "窄める",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"窄める"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "窄める",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"窄める"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "窄める",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"窄める"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "窄める",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"窄める"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "窄める",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"窄める"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "窄める",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"窄める"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "窄める",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"窄める"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "窄める",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"窄める"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "窄める",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"窄める"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "窄める",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"窄める"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "窄める",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.