"直筆" meaning in Japanese

See 直筆 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [d͡ʑikʲiçit͡sɨᵝ] Forms: 直筆 [canonical] (ruby: 直(じき), 筆(ひつ)), jikihitsu [romanization], dikifitu [romanization], ぢきひつ [hiragana, historical]
Etymology: * /dikipitu/ → /dikifitu/ → /d͡ʑikihit͡su/ From Middle Chinese compound 直筆／直笔 (drik pit, literally “straight, direct + writing”). Compare modern Mandarin 直筆／直笔 (zhíbǐ, “an honest story, a straightforward account of something”). This reading uses the goon of jiki for the first character and the kan'on of hitsu for the second character, possibly suggesting an innovation in the reading within Japanese after the initial borrowing. Etymology templates: {{der|ja|ltc|-|sort=じきひつ}} Middle Chinese, {{cog|cmn|-}} Mandarin, {{zh-l|直筆|an honest story, a straightforward account of something|tr=zhíbǐ}} 直筆／直笔 (zhíbǐ, “an honest story, a straightforward account of something”) Head templates: {{ja-noun|じきひつ|hhira=ぢきひつ}} 直(じき)筆(ひつ) • (jikihitsu) ^(←ぢきひつ (dikifitu)?)
  1. the act of writing something oneself by hand
    Sense id: en-直筆-ja-noun-dERmCMiP
  2. the resulting handwritten document or writing:
    one's own handwriting
    Sense id: en-直筆-ja-noun-ZVghf84l Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with multiple readings, Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 1 10 10 10 16 1 10 10 1 10 17 3 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 2 15 13 10 11 2 15 13 1 7 11 2 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 2 15 13 10 10 2 15 13 1 7 11 2 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with multiple readings: 2 12 11 11 12 2 12 11 2 9 13 4 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 1 14 14 10 10 1 14 14 1 7 10 1 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 2 14 14 10 11 2 14 14 1 7 11 1 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 5 48 42 5
  3. the resulting handwritten document or writing:
    a holograph, an autograph (something written by oneself, not just one's signature)
    Sense id: en-直筆-ja-noun-ftsnEstY Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with multiple readings, Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 1 10 10 10 16 1 10 10 1 10 17 3 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 2 15 13 10 11 2 15 13 1 7 11 2 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 2 15 13 10 10 2 15 13 1 7 11 2 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with multiple readings: 2 12 11 11 12 2 12 11 2 9 13 4 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 1 14 14 10 10 1 14 14 1 7 10 1 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 2 14 14 10 11 2 14 14 1 7 11 1 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 5 48 42 5
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: 自筆 (jihitsu) (ruby: 自筆(じひつ)), 直書 (jikisho) (ruby: 直書(じきしょ)), 親書 (shinsho) (ruby: 親書(しんしょ))
Etymology number: 1

Noun

IPA: [t͡ɕo̞kɯ̟ᵝçit͡sɨᵝ] Forms: 直筆 [canonical] (ruby: 直(ちょく), 筆(ひつ)), chokuhitsu [romanization]
Etymology: From Middle Chinese compound 直筆／直笔 (drik pit, literally “straight, direct + writing”). Compare modern Mandarin 直筆／直笔 (zhíbǐ, “an honest story, a straightforward account of something”). This reading uses the kan'on for both characters, suggesting either a later borrowing of the term as a whole, or a shift in reading influenced by other later borrowings. Etymology templates: {{der|ja|ltc|-|sort=ちょくひつ}} Middle Chinese, {{cog|cmn|-}} Mandarin, {{zh-l|直筆|an honest story, a straightforward account of something|tr=zhíbǐ}} 直筆／直笔 (zhíbǐ, “an honest story, a straightforward account of something”) Head templates: {{ja-noun|ちょくひつ}} 直(ちょく)筆(ひつ) • (chokuhitsu)
  1. an honest and straightforward record of something, without embellishment or omission
    Sense id: en-直筆-ja-noun-YtA5UnR1 Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with multiple readings, Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese verbs without transitivity Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 1 10 10 10 16 1 10 10 1 10 17 3 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 2 15 13 10 11 2 15 13 1 7 11 2 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 2 15 13 10 10 2 15 13 1 7 11 2 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with multiple readings: 2 12 11 11 12 2 12 11 2 9 13 4 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 1 14 14 10 10 1 14 14 1 7 10 1 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 2 14 14 10 11 2 14 14 1 7 11 1 Disambiguation of Japanese verbs without transitivity: 2 5 10 26 4 2 5 10 2 25 5 5
  2. holding a brush vertically when writing to use the tip of the brush
    Sense id: en-直筆-ja-noun-4nRTcsjS Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with multiple readings, Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 1 10 10 10 16 1 10 10 1 10 17 3 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 2 15 13 10 11 2 15 13 1 7 11 2 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 2 15 13 10 10 2 15 13 1 7 11 2 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with multiple readings: 2 12 11 11 12 2 12 11 2 9 13 4 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 1 14 14 10 10 1 14 14 1 7 10 1 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 2 14 14 10 11 2 14 14 1 7 11 1
  3. the act of writing something oneself by hand
    Sense id: en-直筆-ja-noun-dERmCMiP1
  4. the resulting handwritten document or writing:
    one's own handwriting
    Sense id: en-直筆-ja-noun-ZVghf84l1 Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with multiple readings, Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 1 10 10 10 16 1 10 10 1 10 17 3 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 2 15 13 10 11 2 15 13 1 7 11 2 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 2 15 13 10 10 2 15 13 1 7 11 2 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with multiple readings: 2 12 11 11 12 2 12 11 2 9 13 4 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 1 14 14 10 10 1 14 14 1 7 10 1 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 2 14 14 10 11 2 14 14 1 7 11 1
  5. the resulting handwritten document or writing:
    a holograph, an autograph (something written by oneself, not just one's signature)
    Sense id: en-直筆-ja-noun-ftsnEstY1 Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with multiple readings, Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 1 10 10 10 16 1 10 10 1 10 17 3 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 2 15 13 10 11 2 15 13 1 7 11 2 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 2 15 13 10 10 2 15 13 1 7 11 2 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with multiple readings: 2 12 11 11 12 2 12 11 2 9 13 4 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 1 14 14 10 10 1 14 14 1 7 10 1 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 2 14 14 10 11 2 14 14 1 7 11 1
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Verb

IPA: [d͡ʑikʲiçit͡sɨᵝ]
Etymology: * /dikipitu/ → /dikifitu/ → /d͡ʑikihit͡su/ From Middle Chinese compound 直筆／直笔 (drik pit, literally “straight, direct + writing”). Compare modern Mandarin 直筆／直笔 (zhíbǐ, “an honest story, a straightforward account of something”). This reading uses the goon of jiki for the first character and the kan'on of hitsu for the second character, possibly suggesting an innovation in the reading within Japanese after the initial borrowing. Etymology templates: {{der|ja|ltc|-|sort=じきひつ}} Middle Chinese, {{cog|cmn|-}} Mandarin, {{zh-l|直筆|an honest story, a straightforward account of something|tr=zhíbǐ}} 直筆／直笔 (zhíbǐ, “an honest story, a straightforward account of something”) Forms: 直筆する [canonical] (ruby: 直(じき), 筆(ひつ)), jikihitsu suru [romanization], dikifitu [romanization], 直筆し [stem] (ruby: 直(じき), 筆(ひつ)), 直筆した [past] (ruby: 直(じき), 筆(ひつ)), no-table-tags [table-tags], 直筆し [error-unrecognized-form], じきひつし [error-unrecognized-form], jikihitsu shi [error-unrecognized-form], 直筆する [error-unrecognized-form], じきひつする [error-unrecognized-form], jikihitsu suru [error-unrecognized-form], 直筆すれ [error-unrecognized-form], じきひつすれ [error-unrecognized-form], jikihitsu sure [error-unrecognized-form], 直筆せよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], 直筆しろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], じきひつせよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], じきひつしろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], jikihitsu seyo [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], jikihitsu shiro [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], 直筆される [passive], じきひつされる [passive], jikihitsu sareru [passive], 直筆させる [causative], 直筆さす [causative], じきひつさせる [causative], じきひつさす [causative], jikihitsu saseru [causative], jikihitsu sasu [causative], 直筆できる [potential], じきひつできる [potential], jikihitsu dekiru [potential], 直筆しよう [volitional], じきひつしよう [volitional], jikihitsu shiyō [volitional], 直筆しない [negative], じきひつしない [negative], jikihitsu shinai [negative], 直筆せず [continuative, negative], じきひつせず [continuative, negative], jikihitsu sezu [continuative, negative], 直筆します [formal], じきひつします [formal], jikihitsu shimasu [formal], 直筆した [perfective], じきひつした [perfective], jikihitsu shita [perfective], 直筆して [conjunctive], じきひつして [conjunctive], jikihitsu shite [conjunctive], 直筆すれば [conditional, hypothetical], じきひつすれば [conditional, hypothetical], jikihitsu sureba [conditional, hypothetical]
  1. to write something oneself by hand
    Sense id: en-直筆-ja-verb-1o8f5oFm
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Verb

IPA: [t͡ɕo̞kɯ̟ᵝçit͡sɨᵝ]
Etymology: From Middle Chinese compound 直筆／直笔 (drik pit, literally “straight, direct + writing”). Compare modern Mandarin 直筆／直笔 (zhíbǐ, “an honest story, a straightforward account of something”). This reading uses the kan'on for both characters, suggesting either a later borrowing of the term as a whole, or a shift in reading influenced by other later borrowings. Etymology templates: {{der|ja|ltc|-|sort=ちょくひつ}} Middle Chinese, {{cog|cmn|-}} Mandarin, {{zh-l|直筆|an honest story, a straightforward account of something|tr=zhíbǐ}} 直筆／直笔 (zhíbǐ, “an honest story, a straightforward account of something”) Forms: 直筆する [canonical] (ruby: 直(ちょく), 筆(ひつ)), chokuhitsu suru [romanization], 直筆し [stem] (ruby: 直(ちょく), 筆(ひつ)), 直筆した [past] (ruby: 直(ちょく), 筆(ひつ)), no-table-tags [table-tags], 直筆し [error-unrecognized-form], ちょくひつし [error-unrecognized-form], chokuhitsu shi [error-unrecognized-form], 直筆する [error-unrecognized-form], ちょくひつする [error-unrecognized-form], chokuhitsu suru [error-unrecognized-form], 直筆すれ [error-unrecognized-form], ちょくひつすれ [error-unrecognized-form], chokuhitsu sure [error-unrecognized-form], 直筆せよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], 直筆しろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], ちょくひつせよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], ちょくひつしろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], chokuhitsu seyo [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], chokuhitsu shiro [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], 直筆される [passive], ちょくひつされる [passive], chokuhitsu sareru [passive], 直筆させる [causative], 直筆さす [causative], ちょくひつさせる [causative], ちょくひつさす [causative], chokuhitsu saseru [causative], chokuhitsu sasu [causative], 直筆できる [potential], ちょくひつできる [potential], chokuhitsu dekiru [potential], 直筆しよう [volitional], ちょくひつしよう [volitional], chokuhitsu shiyō [volitional], 直筆しない [negative], ちょくひつしない [negative], chokuhitsu shinai [negative], 直筆せず [continuative, negative], ちょくひつせず [continuative, negative], chokuhitsu sezu [continuative, negative], 直筆します [formal], ちょくひつします [formal], chokuhitsu shimasu [formal], 直筆した [perfective], ちょくひつした [perfective], chokuhitsu shita [perfective], 直筆して [conjunctive], ちょくひつして [conjunctive], chokuhitsu shite [conjunctive], 直筆すれば [conditional, hypothetical], ちょくひつすれば [conditional, hypothetical], chokuhitsu sureba [conditional, hypothetical]
  1. to record something in an honest and straightforward manner, without embellishment or omission
    Sense id: en-直筆-ja-verb-9AmhX8Vv Categories (other): Japanese verbs without transitivity Disambiguation of Japanese verbs without transitivity: 2 5 10 26 4 2 5 10 2 25 5 5
  2. to hold a brush vertically when writing to use the tip of the brush
    Sense id: en-直筆-ja-verb-yz-SmC5d Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with multiple readings, Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 1 10 10 10 16 1 10 10 1 10 17 3 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 2 15 13 10 11 2 15 13 1 7 11 2 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 2 15 13 10 10 2 15 13 1 7 11 2 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with multiple readings: 2 12 11 11 12 2 12 11 2 9 13 4 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 1 14 14 10 10 1 14 14 1 7 10 1 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 2 14 14 10 11 2 14 14 1 7 11 1
  3. to write something oneself by hand
    Sense id: en-直筆-ja-verb-1o8f5oFm1
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Download JSON data for 直筆 meaning in Japanese (27.7kB)

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ltc",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "じきひつ"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Chinese",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cmn",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Mandarin",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "直筆",
        "2": "an honest story, a straightforward account of something",
        "tr": "zhíbǐ"
      },
      "expansion": "直筆／直笔 (zhíbǐ, “an honest story, a straightforward account of something”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "* /dikipitu/ → /dikifitu/ → /d͡ʑikihit͡su/\nFrom Middle Chinese compound 直筆／直笔 (drik pit, literally “straight, direct + writing”). Compare modern Mandarin 直筆／直笔 (zhíbǐ, “an honest story, a straightforward account of something”).\nThis reading uses the goon of jiki for the first character and the kan'on of hitsu for the second character, possibly suggesting an innovation in the reading within Japanese after the initial borrowing.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "直筆",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "直",
          "じき"
        ],
        [
          "筆",
          "ひつ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jikihitsu",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dikifitu",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぢきひつ",
      "roman": "dikifitu",
      "tags": [
        "hiragana",
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "じきひつ",
        "hhira": "ぢきひつ"
      },
      "expansion": "直(じき)筆(ひつ) • (jikihitsu) ^(←ぢきひつ (dikifitu)?)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "the act of writing something oneself by hand"
      ],
      "id": "en-直筆-ja-noun-dERmCMiP",
      "links": [
        [
          "writing",
          "writing"
        ],
        [
          "oneself",
          "oneself"
        ],
        [
          "by hand",
          "by hand"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "1 10 10 10 16 1 10 10 1 10 17 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 15 13 10 11 2 15 13 1 7 11 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
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        {
          "_dis": "2 15 13 10 10 2 15 13 1 7 11 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 12 11 11 12 2 12 11 2 9 13 4",
          "kind": "other",
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          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
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          "_dis": "1 14 14 10 10 1 14 14 1 7 10 1",
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          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
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          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 14 14 10 11 2 14 14 1 7 11 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 48 42 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the resulting handwritten document or writing:",
        "one's own handwriting"
      ],
      "id": "en-直筆-ja-noun-ZVghf84l",
      "links": [
        [
          "handwritten",
          "handwritten"
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          "document"
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        [
          "handwriting",
          "handwriting"
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      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "1 10 10 10 16 1 10 10 1 10 17 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
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            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
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        {
          "_dis": "2 15 13 10 11 2 15 13 1 7 11 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
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          "source": "w+disamb"
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        {
          "_dis": "2 15 13 10 10 2 15 13 1 7 11 2",
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            "Entry maintenance"
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          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 12 11 11 12 2 12 11 2 9 13 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 14 14 10 10 1 14 14 1 7 10 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 14 14 10 11 2 14 14 1 7 11 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 48 42 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the resulting handwritten document or writing:",
        "a holograph, an autograph (something written by oneself, not just one's signature)"
      ],
      "id": "en-直筆-ja-noun-ftsnEstY",
      "links": [
        [
          "handwritten",
          "handwritten"
        ],
        [
          "document",
          "document"
        ],
        [
          "holograph",
          "holograph"
        ],
        [
          "autograph",
          "autograph"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "じきひつ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[d͡ʑikʲiçit͡sɨᵝ]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "jihitsu",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "自筆",
          "じひつ"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "自筆"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "jikisho",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "直書",
          "じきしょ"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "直書"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "shinsho",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "親書",
          "しんしょ"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "親書"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Holograph",
    "ja:直筆"
  ],
  "word": "直筆"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ltc",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "じきひつ"
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      "expansion": "Middle Chinese",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cmn",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Mandarin",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "直筆",
        "2": "an honest story, a straightforward account of something",
        "tr": "zhíbǐ"
      },
      "expansion": "直筆／直笔 (zhíbǐ, “an honest story, a straightforward account of something”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "* /dikipitu/ → /dikifitu/ → /d͡ʑikihit͡su/\nFrom Middle Chinese compound 直筆／直笔 (drik pit, literally “straight, direct + writing”). Compare modern Mandarin 直筆／直笔 (zhíbǐ, “an honest story, a straightforward account of something”).\nThis reading uses the goon of jiki for the first character and the kan'on of hitsu for the second character, possibly suggesting an innovation in the reading within Japanese after the initial borrowing.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "直筆する",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "直",
          "じき"
        ],
        [
          "筆",
          "ひつ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jikihitsu suru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dikifitu",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆し",
      "roman": "jikihitsu shi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "直",
          "じき"
        ],
        [
          "筆",
          "ひつ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆した",
      "roman": "jikihitsu shita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "直",
          "じき"
        ],
        [
          "筆",
          "ひつ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "じきひつし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jikihitsu shi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆する",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "じきひつする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jikihitsu suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆すれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "じきひつすれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jikihitsu sure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆せよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆しろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "じきひつせよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "じきひつしろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jikihitsu seyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jikihitsu shiro",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆される",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "じきひつされる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jikihitsu sareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆させる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆さす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "じきひつさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "じきひつさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jikihitsu saseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jikihitsu sasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆できる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "じきひつできる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jikihitsu dekiru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆しよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "じきひつしよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jikihitsu shiyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆しない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "じきひつしない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jikihitsu shinai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆せず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "じきひつせず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jikihitsu sezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆します",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "じきひつします",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jikihitsu shimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆した",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "じきひつした",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jikihitsu shita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆して",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "じきひつして",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jikihitsu shite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆すれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "じきひつすれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jikihitsu sureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to write something oneself by hand"
      ],
      "id": "en-直筆-ja-verb-1o8f5oFm",
      "links": [
        [
          "write",
          "write"
        ],
        [
          "oneself",
          "oneself"
        ],
        [
          "by hand",
          "by hand"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "じきひつ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[d͡ʑikʲiçit͡sɨᵝ]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Holograph",
    "ja:直筆"
  ],
  "word": "直筆"
}

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "english": "an embellished story, a tall tale",
      "roman": "kyokuhitsu",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "曲筆",
          "きょくひつ"
        ]
      ],
      "sense": "antonym(s) of “honest record”",
      "word": "曲筆"
    },
    {
      "english": "holding a brush at an angle to use the body of the brush",
      "roman": "sokuhitsu",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "側筆",
          "そくひつ"
        ]
      ],
      "sense": "antonym(s) of “vertical brush”",
      "word": "側筆"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ltc",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "ちょくひつ"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Chinese",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cmn",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Mandarin",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "直筆",
        "2": "an honest story, a straightforward account of something",
        "tr": "zhíbǐ"
      },
      "expansion": "直筆／直笔 (zhíbǐ, “an honest story, a straightforward account of something”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese compound 直筆／直笔 (drik pit, literally “straight, direct + writing”). Compare modern Mandarin 直筆／直笔 (zhíbǐ, “an honest story, a straightforward account of something”).\nThis reading uses the kan'on for both characters, suggesting either a later borrowing of the term as a whole, or a shift in reading influenced by other later borrowings.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "直筆",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "直",
          "ちょく"
        ],
        [
          "筆",
          "ひつ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chokuhitsu",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ちょくひつ"
      },
      "expansion": "直(ちょく)筆(ひつ) • (chokuhitsu)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "1 10 10 10 16 1 10 10 1 10 17 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 15 13 10 11 2 15 13 1 7 11 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 15 13 10 10 2 15 13 1 7 11 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 12 11 11 12 2 12 11 2 9 13 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 14 14 10 10 1 14 14 1 7 10 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 14 14 10 11 2 14 14 1 7 11 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 5 10 26 4 2 5 10 2 25 5 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "an honest and straightforward record of something, without embellishment or omission"
      ],
      "id": "en-直筆-ja-noun-YtA5UnR1",
      "links": [
        [
          "honest",
          "honest"
        ],
        [
          "straightforward",
          "straightforward"
        ],
        [
          "record",
          "record"
        ],
        [
          "embellishment",
          "embellishment"
        ],
        [
          "omission",
          "omission"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "1 10 10 10 16 1 10 10 1 10 17 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 15 13 10 11 2 15 13 1 7 11 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 15 13 10 10 2 15 13 1 7 11 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 12 11 11 12 2 12 11 2 9 13 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 14 14 10 10 1 14 14 1 7 10 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 14 14 10 11 2 14 14 1 7 11 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "holding a brush vertically when writing to use the tip of the brush"
      ],
      "id": "en-直筆-ja-noun-4nRTcsjS",
      "links": [
        [
          "holding",
          "holding"
        ],
        [
          "brush",
          "brush"
        ],
        [
          "vertically",
          "vertically"
        ],
        [
          "writing",
          "writing"
        ],
        [
          "tip",
          "tip"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "the act of writing something oneself by hand"
      ],
      "id": "en-直筆-ja-noun-dERmCMiP1",
      "links": [
        [
          "writing",
          "writing"
        ],
        [
          "oneself",
          "oneself"
        ],
        [
          "by hand",
          "by hand"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "1 10 10 10 16 1 10 10 1 10 17 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 15 13 10 11 2 15 13 1 7 11 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 15 13 10 10 2 15 13 1 7 11 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 12 11 11 12 2 12 11 2 9 13 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 14 14 10 10 1 14 14 1 7 10 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 14 14 10 11 2 14 14 1 7 11 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the resulting handwritten document or writing:",
        "one's own handwriting"
      ],
      "id": "en-直筆-ja-noun-ZVghf84l1",
      "links": [
        [
          "handwritten",
          "handwritten"
        ],
        [
          "document",
          "document"
        ],
        [
          "handwriting",
          "handwriting"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "1 10 10 10 16 1 10 10 1 10 17 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 15 13 10 11 2 15 13 1 7 11 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 15 13 10 10 2 15 13 1 7 11 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 12 11 11 12 2 12 11 2 9 13 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 14 14 10 10 1 14 14 1 7 10 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 14 14 10 11 2 14 14 1 7 11 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the resulting handwritten document or writing:",
        "a holograph, an autograph (something written by oneself, not just one's signature)"
      ],
      "id": "en-直筆-ja-noun-ftsnEstY1",
      "links": [
        [
          "handwritten",
          "handwritten"
        ],
        [
          "document",
          "document"
        ],
        [
          "holograph",
          "holograph"
        ],
        [
          "autograph",
          "autograph"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "ちょくひつ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[t͡ɕo̞kɯ̟ᵝçit͡sɨᵝ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "直筆"
}

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "english": "to write an embellished story, to write a tall tale",
      "roman": "kyokuhitsu",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "曲筆",
          "きょくひつ"
        ]
      ],
      "sense": "antonym(s) of “honest record”",
      "word": "曲筆"
    },
    {
      "english": "to hold a brush at an angle to use the body of the brush",
      "roman": "sokuhitsu",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "側筆",
          "そくひつ"
        ]
      ],
      "sense": "antonym(s) of “vertical brush”",
      "word": "側筆"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ltc",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "ちょくひつ"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Chinese",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cmn",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Mandarin",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "直筆",
        "2": "an honest story, a straightforward account of something",
        "tr": "zhíbǐ"
      },
      "expansion": "直筆／直笔 (zhíbǐ, “an honest story, a straightforward account of something”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese compound 直筆／直笔 (drik pit, literally “straight, direct + writing”). Compare modern Mandarin 直筆／直笔 (zhíbǐ, “an honest story, a straightforward account of something”).\nThis reading uses the kan'on for both characters, suggesting either a later borrowing of the term as a whole, or a shift in reading influenced by other later borrowings.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "直筆する",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "直",
          "ちょく"
        ],
        [
          "筆",
          "ひつ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chokuhitsu suru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆し",
      "roman": "chokuhitsu shi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "直",
          "ちょく"
        ],
        [
          "筆",
          "ひつ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆した",
      "roman": "chokuhitsu shita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "直",
          "ちょく"
        ],
        [
          "筆",
          "ひつ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ちょくひつし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chokuhitsu shi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆する",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ちょくひつする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chokuhitsu suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆すれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ちょくひつすれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chokuhitsu sure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆せよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆しろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ちょくひつせよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ちょくひつしろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chokuhitsu seyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chokuhitsu shiro",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆される",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ちょくひつされる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chokuhitsu sareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆させる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆さす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ちょくひつさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ちょくひつさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chokuhitsu saseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chokuhitsu sasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆できる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ちょくひつできる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chokuhitsu dekiru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆しよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ちょくひつしよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chokuhitsu shiyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆しない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ちょくひつしない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chokuhitsu shinai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆せず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ちょくひつせず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chokuhitsu sezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆します",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ちょくひつします",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chokuhitsu shimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆した",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ちょくひつした",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chokuhitsu shita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆して",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ちょくひつして",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chokuhitsu shite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆すれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ちょくひつすれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chokuhitsu sureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "2 5 10 26 4 2 5 10 2 25 5 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to record something in an honest and straightforward manner, without embellishment or omission"
      ],
      "id": "en-直筆-ja-verb-9AmhX8Vv",
      "links": [
        [
          "record",
          "record"
        ],
        [
          "honest",
          "honest"
        ],
        [
          "straightforward",
          "straightforward"
        ],
        [
          "manner",
          "manner"
        ],
        [
          "embellishment",
          "embellishment"
        ],
        [
          "omission",
          "omission"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "1 10 10 10 16 1 10 10 1 10 17 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 15 13 10 11 2 15 13 1 7 11 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 15 13 10 10 2 15 13 1 7 11 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 12 11 11 12 2 12 11 2 9 13 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 14 14 10 10 1 14 14 1 7 10 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 14 14 10 11 2 14 14 1 7 11 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to hold a brush vertically when writing to use the tip of the brush"
      ],
      "id": "en-直筆-ja-verb-yz-SmC5d",
      "links": [
        [
          "hold",
          "hold"
        ],
        [
          "brush",
          "brush"
        ],
        [
          "vertically",
          "vertically"
        ],
        [
          "writing",
          "writing"
        ],
        [
          "tip",
          "tip"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to write something oneself by hand"
      ],
      "id": "en-直筆-ja-verb-1o8f5oFm1",
      "links": [
        [
          "write",
          "write"
        ],
        [
          "oneself",
          "oneself"
        ],
        [
          "by hand",
          "by hand"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "ちょくひつ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[t͡ɕo̞kɯ̟ᵝçit͡sɨᵝ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "直筆"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese suru verbs",
    "Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
    "Japanese terms historically spelled with ぢ",
    "Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
    "Japanese verbs",
    "Japanese verbs without transitivity"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ltc",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "じきひつ"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Chinese",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cmn",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Mandarin",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "直筆",
        "2": "an honest story, a straightforward account of something",
        "tr": "zhíbǐ"
      },
      "expansion": "直筆／直笔 (zhíbǐ, “an honest story, a straightforward account of something”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "* /dikipitu/ → /dikifitu/ → /d͡ʑikihit͡su/\nFrom Middle Chinese compound 直筆／直笔 (drik pit, literally “straight, direct + writing”). Compare modern Mandarin 直筆／直笔 (zhíbǐ, “an honest story, a straightforward account of something”).\nThis reading uses the goon of jiki for the first character and the kan'on of hitsu for the second character, possibly suggesting an innovation in the reading within Japanese after the initial borrowing.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "直筆",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "直",
          "じき"
        ],
        [
          "筆",
          "ひつ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jikihitsu",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dikifitu",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぢきひつ",
      "roman": "dikifitu",
      "tags": [
        "hiragana",
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "じきひつ",
        "hhira": "ぢきひつ"
      },
      "expansion": "直(じき)筆(ひつ) • (jikihitsu) ^(←ぢきひつ (dikifitu)?)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "the act of writing something oneself by hand"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "writing",
          "writing"
        ],
        [
          "oneself",
          "oneself"
        ],
        [
          "by hand",
          "by hand"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "the resulting handwritten document or writing:",
        "one's own handwriting"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "handwritten",
          "handwritten"
        ],
        [
          "document",
          "document"
        ],
        [
          "handwriting",
          "handwriting"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "the resulting handwritten document or writing:",
        "a holograph, an autograph (something written by oneself, not just one's signature)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "handwritten",
          "handwritten"
        ],
        [
          "document",
          "document"
        ],
        [
          "holograph",
          "holograph"
        ],
        [
          "autograph",
          "autograph"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "じきひつ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[d͡ʑikʲiçit͡sɨᵝ]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "jihitsu",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "自筆",
          "じひつ"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "自筆"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jikisho",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "直書",
          "じきしょ"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "直書"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shinsho",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "親書",
          "しんしょ"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "親書"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Holograph",
    "ja:直筆"
  ],
  "word": "直筆"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese suru verbs",
    "Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
    "Japanese terms historically spelled with ぢ",
    "Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
    "Japanese verbs",
    "Japanese verbs without transitivity"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ltc",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "じきひつ"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Chinese",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cmn",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Mandarin",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "直筆",
        "2": "an honest story, a straightforward account of something",
        "tr": "zhíbǐ"
      },
      "expansion": "直筆／直笔 (zhíbǐ, “an honest story, a straightforward account of something”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "* /dikipitu/ → /dikifitu/ → /d͡ʑikihit͡su/\nFrom Middle Chinese compound 直筆／直笔 (drik pit, literally “straight, direct + writing”). Compare modern Mandarin 直筆／直笔 (zhíbǐ, “an honest story, a straightforward account of something”).\nThis reading uses the goon of jiki for the first character and the kan'on of hitsu for the second character, possibly suggesting an innovation in the reading within Japanese after the initial borrowing.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "直筆する",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "直",
          "じき"
        ],
        [
          "筆",
          "ひつ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jikihitsu suru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dikifitu",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆し",
      "roman": "jikihitsu shi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "直",
          "じき"
        ],
        [
          "筆",
          "ひつ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆した",
      "roman": "jikihitsu shita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "直",
          "じき"
        ],
        [
          "筆",
          "ひつ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "じきひつし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jikihitsu shi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆する",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "じきひつする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jikihitsu suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆すれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "じきひつすれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jikihitsu sure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆せよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆しろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "じきひつせよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "じきひつしろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jikihitsu seyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jikihitsu shiro",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆される",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "じきひつされる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jikihitsu sareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆させる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆さす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "じきひつさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "じきひつさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jikihitsu saseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jikihitsu sasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆できる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "じきひつできる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jikihitsu dekiru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆しよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "じきひつしよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jikihitsu shiyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆しない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "じきひつしない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jikihitsu shinai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆せず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "じきひつせず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jikihitsu sezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆します",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "じきひつします",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jikihitsu shimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆した",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "じきひつした",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jikihitsu shita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆して",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "じきひつして",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jikihitsu shite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆すれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "じきひつすれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jikihitsu sureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to write something oneself by hand"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "write",
          "write"
        ],
        [
          "oneself",
          "oneself"
        ],
        [
          "by hand",
          "by hand"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "じきひつ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[d͡ʑikʲiçit͡sɨᵝ]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Holograph",
    "ja:直筆"
  ],
  "word": "直筆"
}

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "english": "an embellished story, a tall tale",
      "roman": "kyokuhitsu",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "曲筆",
          "きょくひつ"
        ]
      ],
      "sense": "antonym(s) of “honest record”",
      "word": "曲筆"
    },
    {
      "english": "holding a brush at an angle to use the body of the brush",
      "roman": "sokuhitsu",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "側筆",
          "そくひつ"
        ]
      ],
      "sense": "antonym(s) of “vertical brush”",
      "word": "側筆"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese suru verbs",
    "Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
    "Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
    "Japanese verbs",
    "Japanese verbs without transitivity"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ltc",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "ちょくひつ"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Chinese",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cmn",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Mandarin",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "直筆",
        "2": "an honest story, a straightforward account of something",
        "tr": "zhíbǐ"
      },
      "expansion": "直筆／直笔 (zhíbǐ, “an honest story, a straightforward account of something”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese compound 直筆／直笔 (drik pit, literally “straight, direct + writing”). Compare modern Mandarin 直筆／直笔 (zhíbǐ, “an honest story, a straightforward account of something”).\nThis reading uses the kan'on for both characters, suggesting either a later borrowing of the term as a whole, or a shift in reading influenced by other later borrowings.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "直筆",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "直",
          "ちょく"
        ],
        [
          "筆",
          "ひつ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chokuhitsu",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ちょくひつ"
      },
      "expansion": "直(ちょく)筆(ひつ) • (chokuhitsu)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "an honest and straightforward record of something, without embellishment or omission"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "honest",
          "honest"
        ],
        [
          "straightforward",
          "straightforward"
        ],
        [
          "record",
          "record"
        ],
        [
          "embellishment",
          "embellishment"
        ],
        [
          "omission",
          "omission"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "holding a brush vertically when writing to use the tip of the brush"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "holding",
          "holding"
        ],
        [
          "brush",
          "brush"
        ],
        [
          "vertically",
          "vertically"
        ],
        [
          "writing",
          "writing"
        ],
        [
          "tip",
          "tip"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "the act of writing something oneself by hand"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "writing",
          "writing"
        ],
        [
          "oneself",
          "oneself"
        ],
        [
          "by hand",
          "by hand"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "the resulting handwritten document or writing:",
        "one's own handwriting"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "handwritten",
          "handwritten"
        ],
        [
          "document",
          "document"
        ],
        [
          "handwriting",
          "handwriting"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "the resulting handwritten document or writing:",
        "a holograph, an autograph (something written by oneself, not just one's signature)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "handwritten",
          "handwritten"
        ],
        [
          "document",
          "document"
        ],
        [
          "holograph",
          "holograph"
        ],
        [
          "autograph",
          "autograph"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "ちょくひつ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[t͡ɕo̞kɯ̟ᵝçit͡sɨᵝ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "直筆"
}

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "english": "to write an embellished story, to write a tall tale",
      "roman": "kyokuhitsu",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "曲筆",
          "きょくひつ"
        ]
      ],
      "sense": "antonym(s) of “honest record”",
      "word": "曲筆"
    },
    {
      "english": "to hold a brush at an angle to use the body of the brush",
      "roman": "sokuhitsu",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "側筆",
          "そくひつ"
        ]
      ],
      "sense": "antonym(s) of “vertical brush”",
      "word": "側筆"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese suru verbs",
    "Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
    "Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
    "Japanese verbs",
    "Japanese verbs without transitivity"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ltc",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "ちょくひつ"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Chinese",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cmn",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Mandarin",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "直筆",
        "2": "an honest story, a straightforward account of something",
        "tr": "zhíbǐ"
      },
      "expansion": "直筆／直笔 (zhíbǐ, “an honest story, a straightforward account of something”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese compound 直筆／直笔 (drik pit, literally “straight, direct + writing”). Compare modern Mandarin 直筆／直笔 (zhíbǐ, “an honest story, a straightforward account of something”).\nThis reading uses the kan'on for both characters, suggesting either a later borrowing of the term as a whole, or a shift in reading influenced by other later borrowings.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "直筆する",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "直",
          "ちょく"
        ],
        [
          "筆",
          "ひつ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chokuhitsu suru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆し",
      "roman": "chokuhitsu shi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "直",
          "ちょく"
        ],
        [
          "筆",
          "ひつ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆した",
      "roman": "chokuhitsu shita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "直",
          "ちょく"
        ],
        [
          "筆",
          "ひつ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ちょくひつし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chokuhitsu shi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆する",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ちょくひつする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chokuhitsu suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆すれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ちょくひつすれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chokuhitsu sure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆せよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆しろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ちょくひつせよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ちょくひつしろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chokuhitsu seyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chokuhitsu shiro",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆される",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ちょくひつされる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chokuhitsu sareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆させる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆さす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ちょくひつさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ちょくひつさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chokuhitsu saseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chokuhitsu sasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆できる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ちょくひつできる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chokuhitsu dekiru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆しよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ちょくひつしよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chokuhitsu shiyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆しない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ちょくひつしない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chokuhitsu shinai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆せず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ちょくひつせず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chokuhitsu sezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆します",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ちょくひつします",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chokuhitsu shimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆した",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ちょくひつした",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chokuhitsu shita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆して",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ちょくひつして",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chokuhitsu shite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "直筆すれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ちょくひつすれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chokuhitsu sureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to record something in an honest and straightforward manner, without embellishment or omission"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "record",
          "record"
        ],
        [
          "honest",
          "honest"
        ],
        [
          "straightforward",
          "straightforward"
        ],
        [
          "manner",
          "manner"
        ],
        [
          "embellishment",
          "embellishment"
        ],
        [
          "omission",
          "omission"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to hold a brush vertically when writing to use the tip of the brush"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hold",
          "hold"
        ],
        [
          "brush",
          "brush"
        ],
        [
          "vertically",
          "vertically"
        ],
        [
          "writing",
          "writing"
        ],
        [
          "tip",
          "tip"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to write something oneself by hand"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "write",
          "write"
        ],
        [
          "oneself",
          "oneself"
        ],
        [
          "by hand",
          "by hand"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "ちょくひつ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[t͡ɕo̞kɯ̟ᵝçit͡sɨᵝ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "直筆"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/304",
  "msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
  "path": [
    "直筆"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "直筆",
  "trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "直筆"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "直筆",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/304",
  "msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
  "path": [
    "直筆"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "直筆",
  "trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
  "path": [
    "直筆"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "直筆",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
  "path": [
    "直筆"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "直筆",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
  "path": [
    "直筆"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "直筆",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
  "path": [
    "直筆"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "直筆",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
  "path": [
    "直筆"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "直筆",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
  "path": [
    "直筆"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "直筆",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "直筆"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "直筆",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
  "path": [
    "直筆"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "直筆",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
  "path": [
    "直筆"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "直筆",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
  "path": [
    "直筆"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "直筆",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
  "path": [
    "直筆"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "直筆",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
  "path": [
    "直筆"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "直筆",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
  "path": [
    "直筆"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "直筆",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (1b9bfc5 and 0136956). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.