See 痛快 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSONL data for 痛快 meaning in Japanese (9.3kB)
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "痛快",
"ruby": [
[
"痛",
"つう"
],
[
"快",
"かい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快な",
"roman": "tsūkai na",
"ruby": [
[
"痛",
"つう"
],
[
"快",
"かい"
]
],
"tags": [
"adnominal"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快に",
"roman": "tsūkai ni",
"ruby": [
[
"痛",
"つう"
],
[
"快",
"かい"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快だろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つうかいだろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai daro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つうかいで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快だ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "つうかいだ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai da",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快な",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つうかいな",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快なら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つうかいなら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai nara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快であれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つうかいであれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai de are",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快ではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快じゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つうかいではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つうかいじゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai de wa nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai ja nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快だった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つうかいだった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai datta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快ではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快じゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つうかいではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つうかいじゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai de wa nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai ja nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快です",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "つうかいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快ではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快じゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つうかいではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つうかいじゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai de wa arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai ja arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快でした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つうかいでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快ではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快じゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つうかいではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つうかいじゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai de wa arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai ja arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "つうかいで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快なら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "つうかいなら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai nara (ba)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快だったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つうかいだったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai dattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快だろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "つうかいだろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai darō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快に",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "つうかいに",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai ni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "つうかいさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkaisa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "つうかい",
"infl": "na"
},
"expansion": "痛(つう)快(かい) • (tsūkai) -na (adnominal 痛(つう)快(かい)な (tsūkai na), adverbial 痛(つう)快(かい)に (tsūkai ni))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": ". に",
"attributive": ". な",
"conditional": ". なら（ば）",
"conjunctive": ". で",
"continuative": ". で",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": ". です",
"formal_negative": ". で は ありません",
"formal_negative2": ". じゃ ありません",
"formal_negative_past": ". で は ありません でした",
"formal_negative_past2": ". じゃ ありません でした",
"formal_past": ". でした",
"hypothetical": ". なら",
"imperative": ". で あれ",
"imperfective": ". だろ",
"informal_negative": ". で は ない",
"informal_negative2": ". じゃ ない",
"informal_negative_past": ". で は なかった",
"informal_negative_past2": ". じゃ なかった",
"informal_past": ". だった",
"kana": "つうかい",
"lemma": "痛快",
"provisional": ". だったら",
"terminal": ". だ",
"volitional": ". だろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "84 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "96 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "96 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "96 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "96 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thrilling"
],
"id": "en-痛快-ja-adj-o5eWCbkf",
"links": [
[
"thrilling",
"thrilling"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "つうかい"
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡sɨᵝːka̠i]"
}
],
"word": "痛快"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "痛快",
"ruby": [
[
"痛",
"つう"
],
[
"快",
"かい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "つうかい"
},
"expansion": "痛(つう)快(かい) • (tsūkai)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a kick, a thrill"
],
"id": "en-痛快-ja-noun-Y~VyDaGP",
"links": [
[
"kick",
"kick"
],
[
"thrill",
"thrill"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "つうかい"
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡sɨᵝːka̠i]"
}
],
"word": "痛快"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"Japanese な-na adjectives"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "痛快",
"ruby": [
[
"痛",
"つう"
],
[
"快",
"かい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快な",
"roman": "tsūkai na",
"ruby": [
[
"痛",
"つう"
],
[
"快",
"かい"
]
],
"tags": [
"adnominal"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快に",
"roman": "tsūkai ni",
"ruby": [
[
"痛",
"つう"
],
[
"快",
"かい"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快だろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つうかいだろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai daro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つうかいで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快だ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "つうかいだ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai da",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快な",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つうかいな",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快なら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つうかいなら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai nara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快であれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つうかいであれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai de are",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快ではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快じゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つうかいではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つうかいじゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai de wa nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai ja nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快だった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つうかいだった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai datta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快ではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快じゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つうかいではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つうかいじゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai de wa nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai ja nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快です",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "つうかいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快ではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快じゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つうかいではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つうかいじゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai de wa arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai ja arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快でした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つうかいでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快ではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快じゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つうかいではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つうかいじゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai de wa arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai ja arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "つうかいで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快なら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "つうかいなら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai nara (ba)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快だったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つうかいだったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai dattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快だろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "つうかいだろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai darō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快に",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "つうかいに",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai ni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "痛快さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "つうかいさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkaisa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "つうかい",
"infl": "na"
},
"expansion": "痛(つう)快(かい) • (tsūkai) -na (adnominal 痛(つう)快(かい)な (tsūkai na), adverbial 痛(つう)快(かい)に (tsūkai ni))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": ". に",
"attributive": ". な",
"conditional": ". なら（ば）",
"conjunctive": ". で",
"continuative": ". で",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": ". です",
"formal_negative": ". で は ありません",
"formal_negative2": ". じゃ ありません",
"formal_negative_past": ". で は ありません でした",
"formal_negative_past2": ". じゃ ありません でした",
"formal_past": ". でした",
"hypothetical": ". なら",
"imperative": ". で あれ",
"imperfective": ". だろ",
"informal_negative": ". で は ない",
"informal_negative2": ". じゃ ない",
"informal_negative_past": ". で は なかった",
"informal_negative_past2": ". じゃ なかった",
"informal_past": ". だった",
"kana": "つうかい",
"lemma": "痛快",
"provisional": ". だったら",
"terminal": ". だ",
"volitional": ". だろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"thrilling"
],
"links": [
[
"thrilling",
"thrilling"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "つうかい"
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡sɨᵝːka̠i]"
}
],
"word": "痛快"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"Japanese な-na adjectives"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "痛快",
"ruby": [
[
"痛",
"つう"
],
[
"快",
"かい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "つうかい"
},
"expansion": "痛(つう)快(かい) • (tsūkai)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a kick, a thrill"
],
"links": [
[
"kick",
"kick"
],
[
"thrill",
"thrill"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "つうかい"
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡sɨᵝːka̠i]"
}
],
"word": "痛快"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"痛快"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "痛快",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"痛快"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "痛快",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (0f7b3ac and b863ecc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.