See 独学 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "独学",
"ruby": [
[
"独",
"どく"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "どくがく"
},
"expansion": "独(どく)学(がく) • (dokugaku)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "95 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "94 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "94 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "76 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "95 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "66 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "93 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "94 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I taught myself.",
"roman": "Dokugaku de mananda.",
"ruby": [
[
"独学",
"どくがく"
],
[
"学",
"まな"
]
],
"text": "独学で学んだ。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"self-learning"
],
"id": "en-独学-ja-noun-MV3hXWvy",
"links": [
[
"self-learning",
"self-learning"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "どくがく"
},
{
"ipa": "[do̞kɯ̟ɡa̠kɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "独学"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "独学する",
"ruby": [
[
"独",
"どく"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "独学し",
"roman": "dokugaku shi",
"ruby": [
[
"独",
"どく"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "独学した",
"roman": "dokugaku shita",
"ruby": [
[
"独",
"どく"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "独学し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "独学する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "独学すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "独学せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "独学しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "独学される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "独学させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "独学さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "独学できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "独学しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "独学しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "独学せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "独学します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "独学した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "独学して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "独学すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to teach oneself"
],
"id": "en-独学-ja-verb-Cd6mjRyx"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "どくがく"
},
{
"ipa": "[do̞kɯ̟ɡa̠kɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "独学"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "独学",
"ruby": [
[
"独",
"どく"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "どくがく"
},
"expansion": "独(どく)学(がく) • (dokugaku)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I taught myself.",
"roman": "Dokugaku de mananda.",
"ruby": [
[
"独学",
"どくがく"
],
[
"学",
"まな"
]
],
"text": "独学で学んだ。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"self-learning"
],
"links": [
[
"self-learning",
"self-learning"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "どくがく"
},
{
"ipa": "[do̞kɯ̟ɡa̠kɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "独学"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "独学する",
"ruby": [
[
"独",
"どく"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "独学し",
"roman": "dokugaku shi",
"ruby": [
[
"独",
"どく"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "独学した",
"roman": "dokugaku shita",
"ruby": [
[
"独",
"どく"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "独学し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "独学する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "独学すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "独学せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "独学しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "独学される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "独学させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "独学さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "独学できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "独学しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "独学しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "独学せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "独学します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "独学した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "独学して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "独学すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to teach oneself"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "どくがく"
},
{
"ipa": "[do̞kɯ̟ɡa̠kɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "独学"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 独学 meaning in Japanese (6.6kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"独学"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "独学",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"独学"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "独学",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"独学"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "独学",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"独学"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "独学",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"独学"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "独学",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"独学"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "独学",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"独学"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "独学",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.