See 独学 on Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "独学",
"ruby": [
[
"独",
"どく"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "どくがく"
},
"expansion": "独(どく)学(がく) • (dokugaku)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "91 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "88 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "78 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "89 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "70 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "91 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "93 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "I taught myself.",
"roman": "Dokugaku de mananda.",
"ruby": [
[
"独学",
"どくがく"
],
[
"学",
"まな"
]
],
"text": "独学で学んだ。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"self-learning"
],
"id": "en-独学-ja-noun-MV3hXWvy",
"links": [
[
"self-learning",
"self-learning"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "どくがく"
},
{
"ipa": "[do̞kɯ̟ɡa̠kɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "独学"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "独学する",
"ruby": [
[
"独",
"どく"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "独学し",
"roman": "dokugaku shi",
"ruby": [
[
"独",
"どく"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "独学した",
"roman": "dokugaku shita",
"ruby": [
[
"独",
"どく"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "独学し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "独学する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "独学すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "独学せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "独学しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "独学される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "独学させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "独学さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "独学できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "独学しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "独学しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "独学せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "独学します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "独学した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "独学して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "独学すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "どくがく"
},
"expansion": "独(どく)学(がく)する • (dokugaku suru) suru (stem 独(どく)学(がく)し (dokugaku shi), past 独(どく)学(がく)した (dokugaku shita))",
"name": "ja-verb-suru"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to teach oneself"
],
"id": "en-独学-ja-verb-Cd6mjRyx"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "どくがく"
},
{
"ipa": "[do̞kɯ̟ɡa̠kɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "独学"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "独学",
"ruby": [
[
"独",
"どく"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "どくがく"
},
"expansion": "独(どく)学(がく) • (dokugaku)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "I taught myself.",
"roman": "Dokugaku de mananda.",
"ruby": [
[
"独学",
"どくがく"
],
[
"学",
"まな"
]
],
"text": "独学で学んだ。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"self-learning"
],
"links": [
[
"self-learning",
"self-learning"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "どくがく"
},
{
"ipa": "[do̞kɯ̟ɡa̠kɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "独学"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "独学する",
"ruby": [
[
"独",
"どく"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "独学し",
"roman": "dokugaku shi",
"ruby": [
[
"独",
"どく"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "独学した",
"roman": "dokugaku shita",
"ruby": [
[
"独",
"どく"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "独学し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "独学する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "独学すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "独学せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "独学しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "独学される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "独学させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "独学さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "独学できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "独学しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "独学しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "独学せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "独学します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "独学した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "独学して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "独学すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "どくがくすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "dokugaku sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "どくがく"
},
"expansion": "独(どく)学(がく)する • (dokugaku suru) suru (stem 独(どく)学(がく)し (dokugaku shi), past 独(どく)学(がく)した (dokugaku shita))",
"name": "ja-verb-suru"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to teach oneself"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "どくがく"
},
{
"ipa": "[do̞kɯ̟ɡa̠kɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "独学"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 独学 meaning in All languages combined (6.9kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"独学"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "独学",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"独学"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "独学",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"独学"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "独学",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"独学"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "独学",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"独学"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "独学",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"独学"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "独学",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"独学"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "独学",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-20 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.