"暖める" meaning in Japanese

See 暖める in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: [a̠ta̠ta̠me̞ɾɯ̟]
Head templates: {{ja-verb|あたためる|tr=trans|type=2}} 暖(あたた)める • (atatameru) transitive ichidan (stem 暖(あたた)め (atatame), past 暖(あたた)めた (atatameta)) Forms: 暖める [canonical] (ruby: (あたた)), atatameru [romanization], 暖め [stem] (ruby: (あたた)), 暖めた [past] (ruby: (あたた)), no-table-tags [table-tags], 暖め [error-unrecognized-form], あたため [error-unrecognized-form], atatame [error-unrecognized-form], 暖める [error-unrecognized-form], あたためる [error-unrecognized-form], atatameru [error-unrecognized-form], 暖めれ [error-unrecognized-form], あたためれ [error-unrecognized-form], atatamere [error-unrecognized-form], 暖めよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], 暖めろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], あたためよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], あたためろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], atatameyo [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], atatamero [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], 暖められる [passive], あたためられる [passive], atatamerareru [passive], 暖めさせる [causative], 暖めさす [causative], あたためさせる [causative], あたためさす [causative], atatamesaseru [causative], atatamesasu [causative], 暖められる [potential], 暖めれる [colloquial, potential], あたためられる [potential], あたためれる [colloquial, potential], atatamerareru [potential], atatamereru [colloquial, potential], 暖めよう [volitional], あたためよう [volitional], atatameyō [volitional], 暖めない [negative], 暖めぬ [negative], 暖めん [negative], あたためない [negative], あたためぬ [negative], あたためん [negative], atatamenai [negative], atatamenu [negative], atatamen [negative], 暖めず [continuative, negative], あたためず [continuative, negative], atatamezu [continuative, negative], 暖めます [formal], あたためます [formal], atatamemasu [formal], 暖めた [perfective], あたためた [perfective], atatameta [perfective], 暖めて [conjunctive], あたためて [conjunctive], atatamete [conjunctive], 暖めれば [conditional, hypothetical], あたためれば [conditional, hypothetical], atatamereba [conditional, hypothetical]
  1. warm a person or room Synonyms: 温める (atatameru) (ruby: (あたた))
{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "english": "to cool",
      "roman": "hiyasu",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "冷",
          "ひ"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "冷やす"
    },
    {
      "english": "to cool",
      "roman": "samasu",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "冷",
          "さ"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "冷ます"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "暖める",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "暖",
          "あたた"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "atatameru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "暖め",
      "roman": "atatame",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "暖",
          "あたた"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "暖めた",
      "roman": "atatameta",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "暖",
          "あたた"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-ichi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "暖め",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あたため",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "atatame",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "暖める",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あたためる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "atatameru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "暖めれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あたためれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "atatamere",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "暖めよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "暖めろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あたためよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あたためろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "atatameyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "atatamero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "暖められる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あたためられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "atatamerareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "暖めさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "暖めさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あたためさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あたためさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "atatamesaseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "atatamesasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "暖められる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "暖めれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あたためられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あたためれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "atatamerareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "atatamereru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "暖めよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あたためよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "atatameyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "暖めない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "暖めぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "暖めん",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あたためない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あたためぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あたためん",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "atatamenai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "atatamenu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "atatamen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "暖めず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あたためず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "atatamezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "暖めます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あたためます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "atatamemasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "暖めた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あたためた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "atatameta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "暖めて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あたためて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "atatamete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "暖めれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あたためれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "atatamereba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "あたためる",
        "tr": "trans",
        "type": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "暖(あたた)める • (atatameru) transitive ichidan (stem 暖(あたた)め (atatame), past 暖(あたた)めた (atatameta))",
      "name": "ja-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "warm a person or room"
      ],
      "id": "en-暖める-ja-verb-eiI0IUdb",
      "links": [
        [
          "warm",
          "warm"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "roman": "atatameru",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "温",
              "あたた"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "温める"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[a̠ta̠ta̠me̞ɾɯ̟]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "暖める"
}
{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "english": "to cool",
      "roman": "hiyasu",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "冷",
          "ひ"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "冷やす"
    },
    {
      "english": "to cool",
      "roman": "samasu",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "冷",
          "さ"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "冷ます"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "暖める",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "暖",
          "あたた"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "atatameru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "暖め",
      "roman": "atatame",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "暖",
          "あたた"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "暖めた",
      "roman": "atatameta",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "暖",
          "あたた"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-ichi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "暖め",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あたため",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "atatame",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "暖める",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あたためる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "atatameru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "暖めれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あたためれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "atatamere",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "暖めよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "暖めろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あたためよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あたためろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "atatameyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "atatamero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "暖められる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あたためられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "atatamerareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "暖めさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "暖めさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あたためさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あたためさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "atatamesaseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "atatamesasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "暖められる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "暖めれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あたためられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あたためれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "atatamerareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "atatamereru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "暖めよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あたためよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "atatameyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "暖めない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "暖めぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "暖めん",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あたためない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あたためぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あたためん",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "atatamenai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "atatamenu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "atatamen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "暖めず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あたためず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "atatamezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "暖めます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あたためます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "atatamemasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "暖めた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あたためた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "atatameta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "暖めて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あたためて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "atatamete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "暖めれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "あたためれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "atatamereba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "あたためる",
        "tr": "trans",
        "type": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "暖(あたた)める • (atatameru) transitive ichidan (stem 暖(あたた)め (atatame), past 暖(あたた)めた (atatameta))",
      "name": "ja-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Japanese ichidan verbs",
        "Japanese lemmas",
        "Japanese links with manual fragments",
        "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
        "Japanese shimo ichidan verbs",
        "Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji",
        "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
        "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
        "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
        "Japanese transitive verbs",
        "Japanese verbs",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "warm a person or room"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "warm",
          "warm"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[a̠ta̠ta̠me̞ɾɯ̟]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "atatameru",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "温",
          "あたた"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "温める"
    }
  ],
  "word": "暖める"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 暖める meaning in Japanese (6.4kB)

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "暖める"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "暖める",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
  "path": [
    "暖める"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "暖める",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
  "path": [
    "暖める"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "暖める",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
  "path": [
    "暖める"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "暖める",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
  "path": [
    "暖める"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "暖める",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
  "path": [
    "暖める"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "暖める",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
  "path": [
    "暖める"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "暖める",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.