See 昔 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 昔 meaning in Japanese (7.7kB)
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Grade 3 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"id": "en-昔-ja-character-47DEQpj8",
"tags": [
"grade-3-kanji",
"kanji",
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "昔"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "むかし"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "未然形",
"3": "",
"4": "incomplete form",
"tr": "mizenkei"
},
"expansion": "未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "向く",
"3": "",
"4": "to face opposite to something",
"tr": "muku"
},
"expansion": "向く (muku, “to face opposite to something”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "し",
"tr": "shi"
},
"expansion": "し (shi)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "縦し",
"3": "",
"4": "the standing or vertical direction",
"tr": "tatashi"
},
"expansion": "縦し (tatashi, “the standing or vertical direction”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "横し",
"3": "",
"4": "the sideways or horizontal direction",
"tr": "yokoshi"
},
"expansion": "横し (yokoshi, “the sideways or horizontal direction”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "さ",
"tr": "sa"
},
"expansion": "さ (sa)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "さ",
"tr": "sa"
},
"expansion": "さ (sa)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. The muka portion derives from the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) of verb 向く (muku, “to face opposite to something”), implying “that which stands opposite from the present”. The shi portion is suffix し (shi) indicating direction, also found in words 縦し (tatashi, “the standing or vertical direction”), 横し (yokoshi, “the sideways or horizontal direction”). This appears to be a somewhat rare alternative form, more commonly encountered as さ (sa), and may be cognate with the nominalizing adjective ending さ (sa).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "昔",
"ruby": [
[
"昔",
"むかし"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "mukashi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "adverb",
"2": "むかし"
},
"expansion": "昔(むかし) • (mukashi)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a movie I once saw",
"roman": "mukashi mita eiga",
"ruby": [
[
"昔",
"むかし"
],
[
"見",
"み"
],
[
"映",
"えい"
],
[
"画",
"が"
]
],
"text": "昔見た映画"
}
],
"glosses": [
"once (in the indeterminate past)"
],
"id": "en-昔-ja-adv-gM4cmzrw",
"links": [
[
"once",
"once"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "むかし"
},
{
"ipa": "[mɯ̟ᵝka̠ɕi]"
}
],
"word": "昔"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "mukashi mukashi",
"ruby": [
[
"昔",
"むかし"
],
[
"昔",
"むかし"
]
],
"word": "昔昔"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "むかし"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "未然形",
"3": "",
"4": "incomplete form",
"tr": "mizenkei"
},
"expansion": "未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "向く",
"3": "",
"4": "to face opposite to something",
"tr": "muku"
},
"expansion": "向く (muku, “to face opposite to something”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "し",
"tr": "shi"
},
"expansion": "し (shi)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "縦し",
"3": "",
"4": "the standing or vertical direction",
"tr": "tatashi"
},
"expansion": "縦し (tatashi, “the standing or vertical direction”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "横し",
"3": "",
"4": "the sideways or horizontal direction",
"tr": "yokoshi"
},
"expansion": "横し (yokoshi, “the sideways or horizontal direction”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "さ",
"tr": "sa"
},
"expansion": "さ (sa)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "さ",
"tr": "sa"
},
"expansion": "さ (sa)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. The muka portion derives from the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) of verb 向く (muku, “to face opposite to something”), implying “that which stands opposite from the present”. The shi portion is suffix し (shi) indicating direction, also found in words 縦し (tatashi, “the standing or vertical direction”), 横し (yokoshi, “the sideways or horizontal direction”). This appears to be a somewhat rare alternative form, more commonly encountered as さ (sa), and may be cognate with the nominalizing adjective ending さ (sa).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "昔",
"ruby": [
[
"昔",
"むかし"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "mukashi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "むかし"
},
"expansion": "昔(むかし) • (mukashi)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 4 4 2 3 7 9 5 3 2 4 0 21 0 2 1 4 2 0 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 0 94 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 0 87 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 0 92 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 0 88 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 0 92 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 0 65 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Time",
"orig": "ja:Time",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the past and the present",
"roman": "mukashi to ima",
"ruby": [
[
"昔",
"むかし"
],
[
"今",
"いま"
]
],
"text": "昔と今"
},
{
"english": "my past self",
"roman": "mukashi no jibun",
"ruby": [
[
"昔",
"むかし"
],
[
"自",
"じ"
],
[
"分",
"ぶん"
]
],
"text": "昔の自分"
},
{
"english": "a longtime friend (literally, “a friend since old times”)",
"roman": "mukashi kara no tomodachi",
"ruby": [
[
"昔",
"むかし"
],
[
"友達",
"ともだち"
]
],
"text": "昔からの友達"
},
{
"english": "to return to the past",
"roman": "mukashi ni modoru",
"ruby": [
[
"昔",
"むかし"
],
[
"戻",
"もど"
]
],
"text": "昔に戻る"
},
{
"text": "むかし、式部大輔、左大弁かけて清原の王ありけり。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the past, old times"
],
"id": "en-昔-ja-noun-T9FJ~cEt",
"links": [
[
"past",
"past"
],
[
"old",
"old"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "ancient people",
"roman": "mukashi no hito",
"ruby": [
[
"昔",
"むかし"
],
[
"人",
"ひと"
]
],
"text": "昔の人"
},
{
"english": "That's ancient history.",
"roman": "mō mukashi no hanashi da.",
"ruby": [
[
"昔",
"むかし"
],
[
"話",
"はなし"
]
],
"text": "もう昔の話だ。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ancient"
],
"id": "en-昔-ja-noun-Qd2jshE7",
"links": [
[
"ancient",
"ancient"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "むかし"
},
{
"ipa": "[mɯ̟ᵝka̠ɕi]"
}
],
"word": "昔"
}
{
"categories": [
"Grade 3 kanji",
"Japanese Han characters",
"Japanese adverbs",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Japanese kanji with goon reading しゃく",
"Japanese kanji with kan'on reading せき",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading むかし",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 昔",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"ja:Time"
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"tags": [
"grade-3-kanji",
"kanji",
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "昔"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adverbs",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 昔",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"ja:Time"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "むかし"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "未然形",
"3": "",
"4": "incomplete form",
"tr": "mizenkei"
},
"expansion": "未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "向く",
"3": "",
"4": "to face opposite to something",
"tr": "muku"
},
"expansion": "向く (muku, “to face opposite to something”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "し",
"tr": "shi"
},
"expansion": "し (shi)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "縦し",
"3": "",
"4": "the standing or vertical direction",
"tr": "tatashi"
},
"expansion": "縦し (tatashi, “the standing or vertical direction”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "横し",
"3": "",
"4": "the sideways or horizontal direction",
"tr": "yokoshi"
},
"expansion": "横し (yokoshi, “the sideways or horizontal direction”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "さ",
"tr": "sa"
},
"expansion": "さ (sa)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "さ",
"tr": "sa"
},
"expansion": "さ (sa)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. The muka portion derives from the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) of verb 向く (muku, “to face opposite to something”), implying “that which stands opposite from the present”. The shi portion is suffix し (shi) indicating direction, also found in words 縦し (tatashi, “the standing or vertical direction”), 横し (yokoshi, “the sideways or horizontal direction”). This appears to be a somewhat rare alternative form, more commonly encountered as さ (sa), and may be cognate with the nominalizing adjective ending さ (sa).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "昔",
"ruby": [
[
"昔",
"むかし"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "mukashi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "adverb",
"2": "むかし"
},
"expansion": "昔(むかし) • (mukashi)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a movie I once saw",
"roman": "mukashi mita eiga",
"ruby": [
[
"昔",
"むかし"
],
[
"見",
"み"
],
[
"映",
"えい"
],
[
"画",
"が"
]
],
"text": "昔見た映画"
}
],
"glosses": [
"once (in the indeterminate past)"
],
"links": [
[
"once",
"once"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "むかし"
},
{
"ipa": "[mɯ̟ᵝka̠ɕi]"
}
],
"word": "昔"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adverbs",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 昔",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"ja:Time"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "mukashi mukashi",
"ruby": [
[
"昔",
"むかし"
],
[
"昔",
"むかし"
]
],
"word": "昔昔"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "むかし"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "未然形",
"3": "",
"4": "incomplete form",
"tr": "mizenkei"
},
"expansion": "未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "向く",
"3": "",
"4": "to face opposite to something",
"tr": "muku"
},
"expansion": "向く (muku, “to face opposite to something”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "し",
"tr": "shi"
},
"expansion": "し (shi)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "縦し",
"3": "",
"4": "the standing or vertical direction",
"tr": "tatashi"
},
"expansion": "縦し (tatashi, “the standing or vertical direction”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "横し",
"3": "",
"4": "the sideways or horizontal direction",
"tr": "yokoshi"
},
"expansion": "横し (yokoshi, “the sideways or horizontal direction”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "さ",
"tr": "sa"
},
"expansion": "さ (sa)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "さ",
"tr": "sa"
},
"expansion": "さ (sa)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. The muka portion derives from the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) of verb 向く (muku, “to face opposite to something”), implying “that which stands opposite from the present”. The shi portion is suffix し (shi) indicating direction, also found in words 縦し (tatashi, “the standing or vertical direction”), 横し (yokoshi, “the sideways or horizontal direction”). This appears to be a somewhat rare alternative form, more commonly encountered as さ (sa), and may be cognate with the nominalizing adjective ending さ (sa).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "昔",
"ruby": [
[
"昔",
"むかし"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "mukashi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "むかし"
},
"expansion": "昔(むかし) • (mukashi)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the past and the present",
"roman": "mukashi to ima",
"ruby": [
[
"昔",
"むかし"
],
[
"今",
"いま"
]
],
"text": "昔と今"
},
{
"english": "my past self",
"roman": "mukashi no jibun",
"ruby": [
[
"昔",
"むかし"
],
[
"自",
"じ"
],
[
"分",
"ぶん"
]
],
"text": "昔の自分"
},
{
"english": "a longtime friend (literally, “a friend since old times”)",
"roman": "mukashi kara no tomodachi",
"ruby": [
[
"昔",
"むかし"
],
[
"友達",
"ともだち"
]
],
"text": "昔からの友達"
},
{
"english": "to return to the past",
"roman": "mukashi ni modoru",
"ruby": [
[
"昔",
"むかし"
],
[
"戻",
"もど"
]
],
"text": "昔に戻る"
},
{
"text": "むかし、式部大輔、左大弁かけて清原の王ありけり。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the past, old times"
],
"links": [
[
"past",
"past"
],
[
"old",
"old"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "ancient people",
"roman": "mukashi no hito",
"ruby": [
[
"昔",
"むかし"
],
[
"人",
"ひと"
]
],
"text": "昔の人"
},
{
"english": "That's ancient history.",
"roman": "mō mukashi no hanashi da.",
"ruby": [
[
"昔",
"むかし"
],
[
"話",
"はなし"
]
],
"text": "もう昔の話だ。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ancient"
],
"links": [
[
"ancient",
"ancient"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "むかし"
},
{
"ipa": "[mɯ̟ᵝka̠ɕi]"
}
],
"word": "昔"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"昔"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adverb",
"title": "昔",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"昔"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "昔",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (a644e18 and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.