See 抗争 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "抗争 ^",
"ruby": [
[
"抗",
"こう"
],
[
"争",
"そう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kōsō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kausau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "かうさう",
"roman": "kausau",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
},
{
"form": "抗爭",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"kanji",
"kyūjitai"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "こうそう",
"hhira": "かうさう"
},
"expansion": "抗(こう)争(そう) • (kōsō) ^(←かうさう (kausau)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 29 30 6 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fighting, resistance, antagonism"
],
"id": "en-抗争-ja-noun-cwRLHjZS",
"links": [
[
"fighting",
"fighting"
],
[
"resistance",
"resistance"
],
[
"antagonism",
"antagonism"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 29 30 6 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
6,
10
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
12,
20
]
],
"english": "an internal conflict",
"roman": "naibu kōsō",
"ruby": [
[
"内",
"ない"
],
[
"部",
"ぶ"
],
[
"抗",
"こう"
],
[
"争",
"そう"
]
],
"text": "内部抗争",
"translation": "an internal conflict",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"contention"
],
"id": "en-抗争-ja-noun-YBUBHnQj",
"links": [
[
"contention",
"contention"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Psychology",
"orig": "ja:Psychology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 22 12 30 18 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 22 13 30 17 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 29 30 6 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 28 37 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 26 39 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 8 30 20 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms read with on'yomi",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 9 30 19 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 11 71 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with Heiban pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 26 41 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 27 38 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"conflict"
],
"id": "en-抗争-ja-noun--p4dIiBa",
"links": [
[
"psychology",
"psychology"
],
[
"conflict",
"conflict"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(psychology) conflict"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "葛藤"
},
{
"word": "コンフリクト"
}
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"psychology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "こーそー"
},
{
"ipa": "[ko̞ːso̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "抗争"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "抗争する ^intransitive suru",
"ruby": [
[
"抗",
"こう"
],
[
"争",
"そう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kōsō suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kausau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "抗争し",
"roman": "kōsō shi",
"ruby": [
[
"抗",
"こう"
],
[
"争",
"そう"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "抗争した",
"roman": "kōsō shita",
"ruby": [
[
"抗",
"こう"
],
[
"争",
"そう"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "抗争し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こうそうし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kōsō shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "抗争する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こうそうする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kōsō suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "抗争すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こうそうすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kōsō sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "抗争せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "抗争しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "こうそうせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "こうそうしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kōsō seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "kōsō shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "抗争される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "こうそうされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kōsō sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "抗争させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "抗争さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "こうそうさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "こうそうさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kōsō saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kōsō sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "抗争できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "こうそうできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kōsō dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "抗争しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "こうそうしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kōsō shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "抗争しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こうそうしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kōsō shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "抗争せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こうそうせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kōsō sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "抗争します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "こうそうします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kōsō shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "抗争した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "こうそうした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kōsō shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "抗争して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "こうそうして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kōsō shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "抗争すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "こうそうすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kōsō sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "抗爭",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"kanji",
"kyūjitai"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "こうそう",
"hhira": "かうさう",
"tr": "intrans"
},
"expansion": "抗(こう)争(そう)する • (kōsō suru) ^(←かうさう (kausau)?)intransitive suru (stem 抗(こう)争(そう)し (kōsō shi), past 抗(こう)争(そう)した (kōsō shita))",
"name": "ja-verb-suru"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to fight with one another"
],
"id": "en-抗争-ja-verb-h9QEddBi",
"links": [
[
"fight",
"fight"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 29 30 6 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to contend"
],
"id": "en-抗争-ja-verb-KYbaqGWJ",
"links": [
[
"contend",
"contend"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "こーそー"
},
{
"ipa": "[ko̞ːso̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "抗争"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms read with on'yomi",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 争 read as そう",
"Japanese terms spelled with 抗 read as こう",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with Heiban pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "抗争 ^",
"ruby": [
[
"抗",
"こう"
],
[
"争",
"そう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kōsō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kausau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "かうさう",
"roman": "kausau",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
},
{
"form": "抗爭",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"kanji",
"kyūjitai"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "こうそう",
"hhira": "かうさう"
},
"expansion": "抗(こう)争(そう) • (kōsō) ^(←かうさう (kausau)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"fighting, resistance, antagonism"
],
"links": [
[
"fighting",
"fighting"
],
[
"resistance",
"resistance"
],
[
"antagonism",
"antagonism"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
6,
10
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
12,
20
]
],
"english": "an internal conflict",
"roman": "naibu kōsō",
"ruby": [
[
"内",
"ない"
],
[
"部",
"ぶ"
],
[
"抗",
"こう"
],
[
"争",
"そう"
]
],
"text": "内部抗争",
"translation": "an internal conflict",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"contention"
],
"links": [
[
"contention",
"contention"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"ja:Psychology"
],
"glosses": [
"conflict"
],
"links": [
[
"psychology",
"psychology"
],
[
"conflict",
"conflict"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(psychology) conflict"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "葛藤"
},
{
"word": "コンフリクト"
}
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"psychology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "こーそー"
},
{
"ipa": "[ko̞ːso̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "抗争"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms read with on'yomi",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 争 read as そう",
"Japanese terms spelled with 抗 read as こう",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with Heiban pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "抗争する ^intransitive suru",
"ruby": [
[
"抗",
"こう"
],
[
"争",
"そう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kōsō suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kausau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "抗争し",
"roman": "kōsō shi",
"ruby": [
[
"抗",
"こう"
],
[
"争",
"そう"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "抗争した",
"roman": "kōsō shita",
"ruby": [
[
"抗",
"こう"
],
[
"争",
"そう"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "抗争し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こうそうし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kōsō shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "抗争する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こうそうする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kōsō suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "抗争すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こうそうすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kōsō sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "抗争せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "抗争しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "こうそうせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "こうそうしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kōsō seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "kōsō shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "抗争される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "こうそうされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kōsō sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "抗争させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "抗争さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "こうそうさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "こうそうさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kōsō saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kōsō sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "抗争できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "こうそうできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kōsō dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "抗争しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "こうそうしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kōsō shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "抗争しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こうそうしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kōsō shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "抗争せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こうそうせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kōsō sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "抗争します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "こうそうします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kōsō shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "抗争した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "こうそうした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kōsō shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "抗争して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "こうそうして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kōsō shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "抗争すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "こうそうすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kōsō sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "抗爭",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"kanji",
"kyūjitai"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "こうそう",
"hhira": "かうさう",
"tr": "intrans"
},
"expansion": "抗(こう)争(そう)する • (kōsō suru) ^(←かうさう (kausau)?)intransitive suru (stem 抗(こう)争(そう)し (kōsō shi), past 抗(こう)争(そう)した (kōsō shita))",
"name": "ja-verb-suru"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to fight with one another"
],
"links": [
[
"fight",
"fight"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to contend"
],
"links": [
[
"contend",
"contend"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "こーそー"
},
{
"ipa": "[ko̞ːso̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "抗争"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 抗争 meaning in Japanese (8.6kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"抗争"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "抗争",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"抗争"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "抗争",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"抗争"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "抗争",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"抗争"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "抗争",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"抗争"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "抗争",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"抗争"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "抗争",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-11-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-11-20 using wiktextract (5887622 and c6a903f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.