See 怖がる in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "怖",
"3": "がる",
"t1": "scary",
"t2": "to act like",
"tr1": "kowa",
"tr2": "garu"
},
"expansion": "怖 (kowa, “scary”) + がる (-garu, “to act like”)",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compound of 怖 (kowa, “scary”) + がる (-garu, “to act like”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "怖がる",
"ruby": [
[
"怖",
"こわ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kowagaru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kofagaru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "怖がり",
"roman": "kowagari",
"ruby": [
[
"怖",
"こわ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "怖がった",
"roman": "kowagatta",
"ruby": [
[
"怖",
"こわ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-ru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "怖がら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こわがら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kowagara",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "怖がり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こわがり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kowagari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "怖がる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こわがる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kowagaru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "怖がれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こわがれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kowagare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "怖がられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "こわがられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kowagarareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "怖がらせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "怖がらす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "こわがらせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "こわがらす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kowagaraseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kowagarasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "怖がれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "こわがれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kowagareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "怖がろう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "こわがろう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kowagarō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "怖がらない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こわがらない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kowagaranai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "怖がらず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こわがらず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kowagarazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "怖がります",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "こわがります",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kowagarimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "怖がった",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "こわがった",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kowagatta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "怖がって",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "こわがって",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kowagatte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "怖がれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "こわがれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kowagareba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "こわがる",
"hhira": "こはがる",
"tr": "intrans",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "怖(こわ)がる • (kowagaru) ^(←こはがる (kofagaru)?)intransitive godan (stem 怖(こわ)がり (kowagari), past 怖(こわ)がった (kowagatta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -ru",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms suffixed with がる",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to fear; to be afraid; to be scared (mostly used with the third person)"
],
"id": "en-怖がる-ja-verb-qEBLMARR",
"links": [
[
"fear",
"fear"
],
[
"afraid",
"afraid"
],
[
"scared",
"scared"
]
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "kowai",
"ruby": [
[
"怖",
"こわ"
]
],
"word": "怖い"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "こわがる"
},
{
"ipa": "[ko̞β̞a̠ɡa̠ɾɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "怖がる"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "怖",
"3": "がる",
"t1": "scary",
"t2": "to act like",
"tr1": "kowa",
"tr2": "garu"
},
"expansion": "怖 (kowa, “scary”) + がる (-garu, “to act like”)",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compound of 怖 (kowa, “scary”) + がる (-garu, “to act like”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "怖がる",
"ruby": [
[
"怖",
"こわ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kowagaru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kofagaru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "怖がり",
"roman": "kowagari",
"ruby": [
[
"怖",
"こわ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "怖がった",
"roman": "kowagatta",
"ruby": [
[
"怖",
"こわ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-ru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "怖がら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こわがら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kowagara",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "怖がり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こわがり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kowagari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "怖がる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こわがる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kowagaru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "怖がれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こわがれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kowagare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "怖がられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "こわがられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kowagarareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "怖がらせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "怖がらす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "こわがらせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "こわがらす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kowagaraseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kowagarasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "怖がれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "こわがれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kowagareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "怖がろう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "こわがろう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kowagarō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "怖がらない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こわがらない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kowagaranai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "怖がらず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こわがらず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kowagarazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "怖がります",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "こわがります",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kowagarimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "怖がった",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "こわがった",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kowagatta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "怖がって",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "こわがって",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kowagatte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "怖がれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "こわがれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kowagareba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "こわがる",
"hhira": "こはがる",
"tr": "intrans",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "怖(こわ)がる • (kowagaru) ^(←こはがる (kofagaru)?)intransitive godan (stem 怖(こわ)がり (kowagari), past 怖(こわ)がった (kowagatta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"roman": "kowai",
"ruby": [
[
"怖",
"こわ"
]
],
"word": "怖い"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese godan verbs",
"Japanese godan verbs ending with -ru",
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms suffixed with がる",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"to fear; to be afraid; to be scared (mostly used with the third person)"
],
"links": [
[
"fear",
"fear"
],
[
"afraid",
"afraid"
],
[
"scared",
"scared"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "こわがる"
},
{
"ipa": "[ko̞β̞a̠ɡa̠ɾɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "怖がる"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 怖がる meaning in Japanese (5.6kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"怖がる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "怖がる",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"怖がる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "怖がる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"怖がる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "怖がる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"怖がる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "怖がる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"怖がる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "怖がる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"怖がる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "怖がる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"怖がる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "怖がる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"怖がる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "怖がる",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.