See 向上 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "向上",
"ruby": [
[
"向",
"こう"
],
[
"上",
"じょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kōjō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "こうじょう"
},
"expansion": "向(こう)上(じょう) • (kōjō)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"improvement, progress"
],
"id": "en-向上-ja-noun-A~IUMPey",
"links": [
[
"improvement",
"improvement"
],
[
"progress",
"progress"
]
]
}
],
"word": "向上"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "向上する",
"ruby": [
[
"向",
"こう"
],
[
"上",
"じょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kōjō suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "向上し",
"roman": "kōjō shi",
"ruby": [
[
"向",
"こう"
],
[
"上",
"じょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "向上した",
"roman": "kōjō shita",
"ruby": [
[
"向",
"こう"
],
[
"上",
"じょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "向上し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こうじょうし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kōjō shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "向上する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こうじょうする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kōjō suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "向上すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こうじょうすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kōjō sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "向上せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "向上しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "こうじょうせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "こうじょうしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kōjō seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "kōjō shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "向上される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "こうじょうされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kōjō sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "向上させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "向上さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "こうじょうさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "こうじょうさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kōjō saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kōjō sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "向上できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "こうじょうできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kōjō dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "向上しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "こうじょうしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kōjō shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "向上しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こうじょうしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kōjō shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "向上せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こうじょうせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kōjō sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "向上します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "こうじょうします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kōjō shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "向上した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "こうじょうした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kōjō shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "向上して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "こうじょうして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kōjō shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "向上すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "こうじょうすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kōjō sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"improve, rise"
],
"id": "en-向上-ja-verb-MjaYyjFI",
"links": [
[
"improve",
"improve"
],
[
"rise",
"rise"
]
]
}
],
"word": "向上"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"Pages with 2 entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "向上",
"ruby": [
[
"向",
"こう"
],
[
"上",
"じょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kōjō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "こうじょう"
},
"expansion": "向(こう)上(じょう) • (kōjō)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"improvement, progress"
],
"links": [
[
"improvement",
"improvement"
],
[
"progress",
"progress"
]
]
}
],
"word": "向上"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"Pages with 2 entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "向上する",
"ruby": [
[
"向",
"こう"
],
[
"上",
"じょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kōjō suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "向上し",
"roman": "kōjō shi",
"ruby": [
[
"向",
"こう"
],
[
"上",
"じょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "向上した",
"roman": "kōjō shita",
"ruby": [
[
"向",
"こう"
],
[
"上",
"じょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "向上し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こうじょうし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kōjō shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "向上する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こうじょうする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kōjō suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "向上すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こうじょうすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kōjō sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "向上せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "向上しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "こうじょうせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "こうじょうしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kōjō seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "kōjō shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "向上される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "こうじょうされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kōjō sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "向上させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "向上さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "こうじょうさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "こうじょうさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kōjō saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kōjō sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "向上できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "こうじょうできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kōjō dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "向上しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "こうじょうしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kōjō shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "向上しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こうじょうしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kōjō shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "向上せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こうじょうせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kōjō sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "向上します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "こうじょうします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kōjō shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "向上した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "こうじょうした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kōjō shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "向上して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "こうじょうして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kōjō shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "向上すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "こうじょうすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kōjō sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"improve, rise"
],
"links": [
[
"improve",
"improve"
],
[
"rise",
"rise"
]
]
}
],
"word": "向上"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 向上 meaning in Japanese (6.2kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"向上"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "向上",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"向上"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "向上",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"向上"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "向上",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"向上"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "向上",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"向上"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "向上",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"向上"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "向上",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"向上"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "向上",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-09-20 using wiktextract (af5c55c and 66545a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.