See 可愛い in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 可愛い meaning in Japanese (26.1kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "pitiful, pitiable, poor, sad",
"roman": "kawaisō",
"ruby": [
[
"可",
"か"
],
[
"愛",
"わい"
],
[
"可",
"か"
],
[
"哀",
"わい"
],
[
"相",
"そう"
],
[
"可",
"か"
],
[
"哀",
"わい"
],
[
"想",
"そう"
]
],
"word": "可愛そう, 可哀相, 可哀想"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to think that someone or something is cute, to be sweet on someone or something",
"roman": "kawaigaru",
"ruby": [
[
"可",
"か"
],
[
"愛",
"わい"
]
],
"word": "可愛がる"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kawaige",
"word": "可愛い気: cuteness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lovableness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "cute-like, cute-looking",
"roman": "kawairashii",
"ruby": [
[
"可",
"か"
],
[
"愛",
"わい"
]
],
"word": "可愛らしい"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kawaikunai",
"ruby": [
[
"可",
"か"
],
[
"愛",
"わい"
]
],
"word": "可愛くない"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "可愛い"
},
"expansion": "可愛い",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "当て字"
},
"expansion": "当て字",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"sort": "かわいい"
},
"expansion": "ateji (当て字)",
"name": "ateji"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "愛"
},
"expansion": "愛",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "zh",
"3": "可愛",
"4": "",
"5": "lovable",
"pos": "Mandarin kě'ài, Min Nan khó-ài"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 可愛／可爱 (kě'ài, “lovable”, Mandarin kě'ài, Min Nan khó-ài)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "可"
},
"expansion": "可",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "愛"
},
"expansion": "愛",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/kawajui/ → /kawaiː/\nShift in pronunciation from kawayui below.\nThe kanji spelling 可愛い is an example of ateji (当て字), and uses an irregular reading of 愛. The phonological resemblance to Chinese 可愛／可爱 (kě'ài, “lovable”, Mandarin kě'ài, Min Nan khó-ài) is coincidental. Note that the medial -w- here is not an excrescence added between ka (可) and ai (愛), since the word is not formed from these morphemes.\nAlready realized phonetically as /kawaiː/ by the early 1600s, and possibly found alongside older form kawayui, as seen in the 1603 edition of the Nippo Jisho.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "可愛い",
"ruby": [
[
"可",
"か"
],
[
"愛",
"わい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kawaii",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kafaii",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛く",
"roman": "kawaiku",
"ruby": [
[
"可",
"か"
],
[
"愛",
"わい"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛かろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かわいかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kawaikaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かわいく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kawaiku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "かわいい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kawaii",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かわいい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kawaii",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛けれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かわいけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kawaikere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛かれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かわいかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kawaikare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛くない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かわいくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kawaiku nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛かった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かわいかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kawaikatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛くなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かわいくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kawaiku nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛いです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "かわいいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kawaii desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛くないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かわいくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kawaiku nai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛かったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かわいかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kawaikatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛くなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かわいくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kawaiku nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛くて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "かわいくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kawaikute",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛ければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "かわいければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "kawaikereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛かったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かわいかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kawaikattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛かろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "かわいかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kawaikarō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "かわいく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "kawaiku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "かわいさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "kawaisa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かわいい",
"hhira": "かはいい",
"infl": "i"
},
"expansion": "可(か)愛(わい)い • (kawaii) ^(←かはいい (kafaii)?)-i (adverbial 可(か)愛(わい)く (kawaiku))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": "く",
"attributive": "い",
"conditional": "ければ",
"conjunctive": "くて",
"continuative": "く",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": "い です",
"formal_negative": "く ない です",
"formal_negative_past": "く なかった です",
"formal_past": "かった です",
"hypothetical": "けれ",
"imperative": "かれ",
"imperfective": "かろ",
"informal_negative": "く ない",
"informal_negative_past": "く なかった",
"informal_past": "かった",
"kana": "かわい",
"lemma": "可愛",
"provisional": "かったら",
"terminal": "い",
"volitional": "かろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 20 23 20 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 20 20 18 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 19 21 19 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 18 23 17 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 20 20 19 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 19 19 21 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ruby": [
[
"可",
"か"
],
[
"愛",
"わい"
],
[
"子",
"こ"
],
[
"旅",
"たび"
]
],
"text": "可愛い子には旅をさせよ\nkawaii ko ni wa tabi o saseyo\nspare the rod and spoil the child\n(literally, “send your beloved child on a journey”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lovable, beloved"
],
"id": "en-可愛い-ja-adj-La2oeRBa",
"links": [
[
"lovable",
"lovable"
],
[
"beloved",
"beloved"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 23 20 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 20 20 18 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 19 21 19 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 38 16 15 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 18 23 17 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 20 20 19 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 19 19 21 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to go out with (date) a cute girl",
"roman": "kawaii ko to tsukiau",
"ruby": [
[
"子",
"こ"
],
[
"付",
"つ"
],
[
"合",
"あ"
]
],
"text": "かわいい子と付き合う"
},
{
"english": "so cute I could just eat you up",
"roman": "tabechaitai kurai kawaii",
"ruby": [
[
"食",
"た"
],
[
"可愛",
"かわい"
]
],
"text": "食べちゃいたいくらい可愛い"
},
{
"english": "Her face when she’s not mad is actually pretty cute.",
"ref": "2003 September 22, Akinobu Uraku, “第63話 幼い記憶”, in 東京アンダーグラウンド, volume 11 (fiction), Square Enix, page 99",
"roman": "Abarenakya kawaii kao na n da yo na",
"ruby": [
[
"第",
"だい"
],
[
"63",
"ろくじゅうさん"
],
[
"話",
"わ"
],
[
"幼",
"おさな"
],
[
"記",
"き"
],
[
"憶",
"おく"
],
[
"東",
"とう"
],
[
"京",
"きょう"
],
[
"暴",
"あば"
],
[
"可",
"か"
],
[
"愛",
"わい"
],
[
"顔",
"かお"
]
],
"text": "暴れなきゃ可愛い顔なんだよな"
},
{
"english": "Cuteness and beauty aren't the same now, are they?",
"ref": "2018, Aka Akasaka, “第92話 かぐや様を照れさせたい”, in かぐや様は告らせたい〜天才たちの恋愛頭脳戦〜 [Kaguya-sama Wants to Make Him Confess: The Intellectual Battle of Love Between Geniuses], volume 10 (fiction), Shueisha",
"roman": "Kawaisa to kireisa wa betsumono daro",
"ruby": [
[
"第",
"だい"
],
[
"92",
"きゅうじゅうに"
],
[
"話",
"わ"
],
[
"様",
"さま"
],
[
"照",
"て"
],
[
"私",
"わたし"
],
[
"藤",
"ふじ"
],
[
"原",
"わら"
],
[
"方",
"ほう"
],
[
"可",
"か"
],
[
"愛",
"わい"
],
[
"可",
"か"
],
[
"愛",
"わい"
],
[
"綺",
"き"
],
[
"麗",
"れい"
],
[
"別",
"べつ"
],
[
"物",
"もの"
]
],
"text": "私なんかより藤原さんの方が可愛いですよ\nWatashi nanka yori Fujiwara-san no hō ga kawaii desu yo\nFujiwara's more cute than I am.\n可愛さと綺麗さは別物だろ"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cute, adorable"
],
"id": "en-可愛い-ja-adj-4Hr9XA1e",
"links": [
[
"cute",
"cute"
],
[
"adorable",
"adorable"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "めんこい"
},
{
"word": "めごい"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かわいい"
},
{
"ipa": "[ka̠ɰᵝa̠ii]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kāii",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "かあいい"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kyawaii",
"word": "きゃわいい"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kawayusu",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "カワユス"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kawaii",
"word": "かわE"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kawaii",
"Nippo Jisho",
"ja:可愛い"
],
"word": "可愛い"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "顔映し",
"3": "",
"4": "embarrassing, shameful",
"tr": "kawahayushi"
},
"expansion": "顔映し (kawahayushi, “embarrassing, shameful”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "shameful"
},
"expansion": "shameful",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "evoking pity"
},
"expansion": "evoking pity",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "evoking compassion"
},
"expansion": "evoking compassion",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lovable"
},
"expansion": "lovable",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "熟字訓"
},
"expansion": "熟字訓",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "可愛い"
},
"expansion": "かわいい",
"name": "sortkey"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "jukujikun (熟字訓)",
"name": "juku"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From classical Japanese /kawo hajuɕi/ → /kawajui/.\nA contraction of classical 顔映し (kawahayushi, “embarrassing, shameful”). The meaning evolved from shameful to evoking pity, to evoking compassion, and then to lovable. The kanji spelling appears to be jukujikun (熟字訓), from the above reading. Compare Korean 예쁘다 (yeppeu-da), which originally meant poor (as in \"poor, poor kid\") but now means pretty.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "可愛い",
"ruby": [
[
"可愛",
"かわゆ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kawayui",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kafayui",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛く",
"roman": "kawayuku",
"ruby": [
[
"可愛",
"かわゆ"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛かろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かわゆかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kawayukaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かわゆく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kawayuku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "かわゆい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kawayui",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かわゆい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kawayui",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛けれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かわゆけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kawayukere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛かれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かわゆかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kawayukare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛くない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かわゆくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kawayuku nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛かった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かわゆかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kawayukatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛くなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かわゆくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kawayuku nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛いです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "かわゆいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kawayui desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛くないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かわゆくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kawayuku nai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛かったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かわゆかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kawayukatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛くなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かわゆくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kawayuku nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛くて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "かわゆくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kawayukute",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛ければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "かわゆければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "kawayukereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛かったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かわゆかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kawayukattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛かろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "かわゆかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kawayukarō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "かわゆく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "kawayuku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "かわゆさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "kawayusa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かわゆい",
"hhira": "かはゆい",
"infl": "i"
},
"expansion": "可愛(かわゆ)い • (kawayui) ^(←かはゆい (kafayui)?)-i (adverbial 可愛(かわゆ)く (kawayuku))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": "く",
"attributive": "い",
"conditional": "ければ",
"conjunctive": "くて",
"continuative": "く",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": "い です",
"formal_negative": "く ない です",
"formal_negative_past": "く なかった です",
"formal_past": "かった です",
"hypothetical": "けれ",
"imperative": "かれ",
"imperfective": "かろ",
"informal_negative": "く ない",
"informal_negative_past": "く なかった",
"informal_past": "かった",
"kana": "かわゆ",
"lemma": "可愛",
"provisional": "かったら",
"terminal": "い",
"volitional": "かろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Enodake",
"ruby": [
[
"可愛",
"えの"
],
[
"岳",
"だけ"
]
],
"word": "可愛岳"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 20 23 20 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 20 20 18 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 19 21 19 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 18 23 17 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 20 20 19 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 19 19 21 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"embarrassed, having a guilty conscience: see 顔映し (kawahayushi)."
],
"id": "en-可愛い-ja-adj-kI94ysqJ",
"links": [
[
"embarrassed",
"embarrassed"
],
[
"guilty",
"guilty"
],
[
"conscience",
"conscience"
],
[
"顔映し",
"顔映し#Japanese"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 23 20 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 20 20 18 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 19 21 19 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 18 23 17 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 20 20 19 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 19 19 21 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(Latin:) Wretched; (Spanish:) thing that causes pity, kawaii.\n(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"text": "1632, Diego Collado, Dictionarium sive thesauri linguae Iaponicae compendium\nMiſerabilis, e: coſa que cauſa laſtima, cavaij.\n(Latin:) Wretched; (Spanish:) thing that causes pity, kawaii.\nMiſerabilis, e: coſa que cauſa laſtima, cavaij.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pitiable, pitiful"
],
"id": "en-可愛い-ja-adj-T4pV0duk",
"links": [
[
"pitiable",
"pitiable"
],
[
"pitiful",
"pitiful"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) pitiable, pitiful"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 20 23 20 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 20 20 18 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 19 21 19 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 18 23 17 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 20 20 19 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 19 19 21 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lovable, adorable, cute"
],
"id": "en-可愛い-ja-adj-oK0D155J",
"links": [
[
"lovable",
"lovable"
],
[
"adorable",
"adorable"
],
[
"cute",
"cute"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かわゆい"
},
{
"ipa": "[ka̠ɰᵝa̠jɯ̟ᵝi]"
}
],
"word": "可愛い"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms derived from Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with ateji",
"Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with jukujikun",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with audio links",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"Japanese い-i adjectives",
"Requests for audio pronunciation in Japanese entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "pitiful, pitiable, poor, sad",
"roman": "kawaisō",
"ruby": [
[
"可",
"か"
],
[
"愛",
"わい"
],
[
"可",
"か"
],
[
"哀",
"わい"
],
[
"相",
"そう"
],
[
"可",
"か"
],
[
"哀",
"わい"
],
[
"想",
"そう"
]
],
"word": "可愛そう, 可哀相, 可哀想"
},
{
"english": "to think that someone or something is cute, to be sweet on someone or something",
"roman": "kawaigaru",
"ruby": [
[
"可",
"か"
],
[
"愛",
"わい"
]
],
"word": "可愛がる"
},
{
"roman": "kawaige",
"word": "可愛い気: cuteness"
},
{
"word": "lovableness"
},
{
"english": "cute-like, cute-looking",
"roman": "kawairashii",
"ruby": [
[
"可",
"か"
],
[
"愛",
"わい"
]
],
"word": "可愛らしい"
},
{
"roman": "kawaikunai",
"ruby": [
[
"可",
"か"
],
[
"愛",
"わい"
]
],
"word": "可愛くない"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "可愛い"
},
"expansion": "可愛い",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "当て字"
},
"expansion": "当て字",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"sort": "かわいい"
},
"expansion": "ateji (当て字)",
"name": "ateji"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "愛"
},
"expansion": "愛",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "zh",
"3": "可愛",
"4": "",
"5": "lovable",
"pos": "Mandarin kě'ài, Min Nan khó-ài"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 可愛／可爱 (kě'ài, “lovable”, Mandarin kě'ài, Min Nan khó-ài)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "可"
},
"expansion": "可",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "愛"
},
"expansion": "愛",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/kawajui/ → /kawaiː/\nShift in pronunciation from kawayui below.\nThe kanji spelling 可愛い is an example of ateji (当て字), and uses an irregular reading of 愛. The phonological resemblance to Chinese 可愛／可爱 (kě'ài, “lovable”, Mandarin kě'ài, Min Nan khó-ài) is coincidental. Note that the medial -w- here is not an excrescence added between ka (可) and ai (愛), since the word is not formed from these morphemes.\nAlready realized phonetically as /kawaiː/ by the early 1600s, and possibly found alongside older form kawayui, as seen in the 1603 edition of the Nippo Jisho.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "可愛い",
"ruby": [
[
"可",
"か"
],
[
"愛",
"わい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kawaii",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kafaii",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛く",
"roman": "kawaiku",
"ruby": [
[
"可",
"か"
],
[
"愛",
"わい"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛かろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かわいかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kawaikaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かわいく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kawaiku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "かわいい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kawaii",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かわいい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kawaii",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛けれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かわいけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kawaikere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛かれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かわいかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kawaikare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛くない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かわいくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kawaiku nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛かった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かわいかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kawaikatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛くなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かわいくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kawaiku nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛いです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "かわいいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kawaii desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛くないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かわいくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kawaiku nai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛かったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かわいかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kawaikatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛くなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かわいくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kawaiku nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛くて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "かわいくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kawaikute",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛ければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "かわいければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "kawaikereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛かったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かわいかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kawaikattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛かろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "かわいかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kawaikarō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "かわいく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "kawaiku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "かわいさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "kawaisa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かわいい",
"hhira": "かはいい",
"infl": "i"
},
"expansion": "可(か)愛(わい)い • (kawaii) ^(←かはいい (kafaii)?)-i (adverbial 可(か)愛(わい)く (kawaiku))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": "く",
"attributive": "い",
"conditional": "ければ",
"conjunctive": "くて",
"continuative": "く",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": "い です",
"formal_negative": "く ない です",
"formal_negative_past": "く なかった です",
"formal_past": "かった です",
"hypothetical": "けれ",
"imperative": "かれ",
"imperfective": "かろ",
"informal_negative": "く ない",
"informal_negative_past": "く なかった",
"informal_past": "かった",
"kana": "かわい",
"lemma": "可愛",
"provisional": "かったら",
"terminal": "い",
"volitional": "かろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"ruby": [
[
"可",
"か"
],
[
"愛",
"わい"
],
[
"子",
"こ"
],
[
"旅",
"たび"
]
],
"text": "可愛い子には旅をさせよ\nkawaii ko ni wa tabi o saseyo\nspare the rod and spoil the child\n(literally, “send your beloved child on a journey”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lovable, beloved"
],
"links": [
[
"lovable",
"lovable"
],
[
"beloved",
"beloved"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to go out with (date) a cute girl",
"roman": "kawaii ko to tsukiau",
"ruby": [
[
"子",
"こ"
],
[
"付",
"つ"
],
[
"合",
"あ"
]
],
"text": "かわいい子と付き合う"
},
{
"english": "so cute I could just eat you up",
"roman": "tabechaitai kurai kawaii",
"ruby": [
[
"食",
"た"
],
[
"可愛",
"かわい"
]
],
"text": "食べちゃいたいくらい可愛い"
},
{
"english": "Her face when she’s not mad is actually pretty cute.",
"ref": "2003 September 22, Akinobu Uraku, “第63話 幼い記憶”, in 東京アンダーグラウンド, volume 11 (fiction), Square Enix, page 99",
"roman": "Abarenakya kawaii kao na n da yo na",
"ruby": [
[
"第",
"だい"
],
[
"63",
"ろくじゅうさん"
],
[
"話",
"わ"
],
[
"幼",
"おさな"
],
[
"記",
"き"
],
[
"憶",
"おく"
],
[
"東",
"とう"
],
[
"京",
"きょう"
],
[
"暴",
"あば"
],
[
"可",
"か"
],
[
"愛",
"わい"
],
[
"顔",
"かお"
]
],
"text": "暴れなきゃ可愛い顔なんだよな"
},
{
"english": "Cuteness and beauty aren't the same now, are they?",
"ref": "2018, Aka Akasaka, “第92話 かぐや様を照れさせたい”, in かぐや様は告らせたい〜天才たちの恋愛頭脳戦〜 [Kaguya-sama Wants to Make Him Confess: The Intellectual Battle of Love Between Geniuses], volume 10 (fiction), Shueisha",
"roman": "Kawaisa to kireisa wa betsumono daro",
"ruby": [
[
"第",
"だい"
],
[
"92",
"きゅうじゅうに"
],
[
"話",
"わ"
],
[
"様",
"さま"
],
[
"照",
"て"
],
[
"私",
"わたし"
],
[
"藤",
"ふじ"
],
[
"原",
"わら"
],
[
"方",
"ほう"
],
[
"可",
"か"
],
[
"愛",
"わい"
],
[
"可",
"か"
],
[
"愛",
"わい"
],
[
"綺",
"き"
],
[
"麗",
"れい"
],
[
"別",
"べつ"
],
[
"物",
"もの"
]
],
"text": "私なんかより藤原さんの方が可愛いですよ\nWatashi nanka yori Fujiwara-san no hō ga kawaii desu yo\nFujiwara's more cute than I am.\n可愛さと綺麗さは別物だろ"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cute, adorable"
],
"links": [
[
"cute",
"cute"
],
[
"adorable",
"adorable"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "めんこい"
},
{
"word": "めごい"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かわいい"
},
{
"ipa": "[ka̠ɰᵝa̠ii]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "kāii",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "かあいい"
},
{
"roman": "kyawaii",
"word": "きゃわいい"
},
{
"roman": "kawayusu",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "カワユス"
},
{
"roman": "kawaii",
"word": "かわE"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kawaii",
"Nippo Jisho",
"ja:可愛い"
],
"word": "可愛い"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with jukujikun",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"Japanese い-i adjectives",
"Requests for audio pronunciation in Japanese entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "顔映し",
"3": "",
"4": "embarrassing, shameful",
"tr": "kawahayushi"
},
"expansion": "顔映し (kawahayushi, “embarrassing, shameful”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "shameful"
},
"expansion": "shameful",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "evoking pity"
},
"expansion": "evoking pity",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "evoking compassion"
},
"expansion": "evoking compassion",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lovable"
},
"expansion": "lovable",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "熟字訓"
},
"expansion": "熟字訓",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "可愛い"
},
"expansion": "かわいい",
"name": "sortkey"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "jukujikun (熟字訓)",
"name": "juku"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From classical Japanese /kawo hajuɕi/ → /kawajui/.\nA contraction of classical 顔映し (kawahayushi, “embarrassing, shameful”). The meaning evolved from shameful to evoking pity, to evoking compassion, and then to lovable. The kanji spelling appears to be jukujikun (熟字訓), from the above reading. Compare Korean 예쁘다 (yeppeu-da), which originally meant poor (as in \"poor, poor kid\") but now means pretty.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "可愛い",
"ruby": [
[
"可愛",
"かわゆ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kawayui",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kafayui",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛く",
"roman": "kawayuku",
"ruby": [
[
"可愛",
"かわゆ"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛かろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かわゆかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kawayukaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かわゆく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kawayuku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "かわゆい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kawayui",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かわゆい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kawayui",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛けれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かわゆけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kawayukere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛かれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かわゆかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kawayukare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛くない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かわゆくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kawayuku nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛かった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かわゆかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kawayukatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛くなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かわゆくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kawayuku nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛いです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "かわゆいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kawayui desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛くないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かわゆくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kawayuku nai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛かったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かわゆかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kawayukatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛くなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かわゆくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kawayuku nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛くて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "かわゆくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kawayukute",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛ければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "かわゆければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "kawayukereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛かったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かわゆかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kawayukattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛かろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "かわゆかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kawayukarō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "かわゆく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "kawayuku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "可愛さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "かわゆさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "kawayusa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かわゆい",
"hhira": "かはゆい",
"infl": "i"
},
"expansion": "可愛(かわゆ)い • (kawayui) ^(←かはゆい (kafayui)?)-i (adverbial 可愛(かわゆ)く (kawayuku))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": "く",
"attributive": "い",
"conditional": "ければ",
"conjunctive": "くて",
"continuative": "く",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": "い です",
"formal_negative": "く ない です",
"formal_negative_past": "く なかった です",
"formal_past": "かった です",
"hypothetical": "けれ",
"imperative": "かれ",
"imperfective": "かろ",
"informal_negative": "く ない",
"informal_negative_past": "く なかった",
"informal_past": "かった",
"kana": "かわゆ",
"lemma": "可愛",
"provisional": "かったら",
"terminal": "い",
"volitional": "かろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"roman": "Enodake",
"ruby": [
[
"可愛",
"えの"
],
[
"岳",
"だけ"
]
],
"word": "可愛岳"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"embarrassed, having a guilty conscience: see 顔映し (kawahayushi)."
],
"links": [
[
"embarrassed",
"embarrassed"
],
[
"guilty",
"guilty"
],
[
"conscience",
"conscience"
],
[
"顔映し",
"顔映し#Japanese"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with obsolete senses",
"Japanese terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Japanese quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(Latin:) Wretched; (Spanish:) thing that causes pity, kawaii.\n(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"text": "1632, Diego Collado, Dictionarium sive thesauri linguae Iaponicae compendium\nMiſerabilis, e: coſa que cauſa laſtima, cavaij.\n(Latin:) Wretched; (Spanish:) thing that causes pity, kawaii.\nMiſerabilis, e: coſa que cauſa laſtima, cavaij.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pitiable, pitiful"
],
"links": [
[
"pitiable",
"pitiable"
],
[
"pitiful",
"pitiful"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) pitiable, pitiful"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"lovable, adorable, cute"
],
"links": [
[
"lovable",
"lovable"
],
[
"adorable",
"adorable"
],
[
"cute",
"cute"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かわゆい"
},
{
"ipa": "[ka̠ɰᵝa̠jɯ̟ᵝi]"
}
],
"word": "可愛い"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"可愛い"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "可愛い",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"可愛い"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "可愛い",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"可愛い"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "可愛い",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"可愛い"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "可愛い",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.