See 化学 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 化学 meaning in Japanese (18.8kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "kagaku"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "zh",
"3": "化學",
"lit": "change + study",
"sort": "かがく"
},
"expansion": "Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 化學／化学 (huàxué, literally “change + study”)",
"name": "obor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "川本幸民",
"tr": "Kawamoto Kōmin"
},
"expansion": "川本幸民 (Kawamoto Kōmin)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "舎密",
"tr": "seimi"
},
"expansion": "舎密 (seimi)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nOrthographic borrowing from Chinese 化學／化学 (huàxué, literally “change + study”).\nApparently first cited anywhere in an 1855 text in Chinese, in the diary of noted intellectual Wang Tao. First cited in Japanese in an 1860 translation of a Dutch text by 川本幸民 (Kawamoto Kōmin).\nSuperseded older term 舎密 (seimi).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "化学",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kagaku",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kwagaku",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "くわがく",
"roman": "kwagaku",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かがく",
"hhira": "くわがく"
},
"expansion": "化(か)学(がく) • (kagaku) ^(←くわがく (kwagaku)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms suffixed with 学",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
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"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
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{
"_dis": "50 50",
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{
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [
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{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese words with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Chemistry",
"orig": "ja:Chemistry",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "chemical agent",
"roman": "kagakuzai",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学剤",
"がくざい"
]
],
"word": "化学剤"
},
{
"english": "chemical formula",
"roman": "kagakushiki",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学式",
"がくしき"
]
],
"word": "化学式"
},
{
"english": "chemist",
"roman": "kagakusha",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学者",
"がくしゃ"
]
],
"word": "化学者"
},
{
"english": "chemical warfare",
"roman": "kagakusen",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学戦",
"がくせん"
]
],
"word": "化学戦"
},
{
"english": "actinic rays",
"roman": "kagakusen",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学線",
"がくせん"
]
],
"word": "化学線"
},
{
"english": "chemical, chemical product",
"roman": "kagakuhin",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学品",
"がくひん"
]
],
"word": "化学品"
},
{
"english": "chemical",
"roman": "kagakuteki",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学的",
"がくてき"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "化学的"
},
{
"english": "chemisorb",
"roman": "kagaku kyūchaku",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"吸着",
"きゅうちゃく"
]
],
"word": "化学吸着"
},
{
"english": "chemical bond",
"roman": "kagaku ketsugō",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"結合",
"けつごう"
]
],
"word": "化学結合"
},
{
"english": "chemical polishing",
"roman": "kagaku kenma",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"研",
"けん"
],
[
"磨",
"ま"
]
],
"word": "化学研磨"
},
{
"english": "chemical engineering",
"roman": "kagaku kōgaku",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"工学",
"こうがく"
]
],
"word": "化学工学"
},
{
"english": "chemical industry",
"roman": "kagaku kōgyō",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"工",
"こう"
],
[
"業",
"ぎょう"
]
],
"word": "化学工業"
},
{
"english": "chemical attack",
"roman": "kagaku kōgeki",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"攻撃",
"こうげき"
]
],
"word": "化学攻撃"
},
{
"english": "chemical structure",
"roman": "kagaku kōzō",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"構造",
"こうぞう"
]
],
"word": "化学構造"
},
{
"english": "chemosynthesis",
"roman": "kagaku gōsei",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"合成",
"ごうせい"
]
],
"word": "化学合成"
},
{
"english": "chemical action",
"roman": "kagaku sayō",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"作",
"さ"
],
[
"用",
"よう"
]
],
"word": "化学作用"
},
{
"english": "chemical test",
"roman": "kagaku shiken",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"試",
"し"
],
[
"験",
"けん"
]
],
"word": "化学試験"
},
{
"english": "chemical evolution",
"roman": "kagaku shinka",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"進",
"しん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "化学進化"
},
{
"english": "chemical",
"roman": "kagaku seihin",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"製品",
"せいひん"
]
],
"word": "化学製品"
},
{
"english": "synthetic fibers",
"roman": "kagaku sen'i",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"繊",
"せん"
],
[
"維",
"い"
]
],
"word": "化学繊維"
},
{
"english": "chemical balance",
"roman": "kagaku tenbin",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"天秤",
"てんびん"
]
],
"word": "化学天秤"
},
{
"english": "chemical equivalent",
"roman": "kagaku tōryō",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"当",
"とう"
],
[
"量",
"りょう"
]
],
"word": "化学当量"
},
{
"english": "chemoluminescence",
"roman": "kagaku hakkō",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"発光",
"はっこう"
]
],
"word": "化学発光"
},
{
"english": "chemical reaction",
"roman": "kagaku hannō",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"反応",
"はんのう"
]
],
"word": "化学反応"
},
{
"english": "chemical fertilizer",
"roman": "kagaku hiryō",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"肥",
"ひ"
],
[
"料",
"りょう"
]
],
"word": "化学肥料"
},
{
"english": "chemical substances",
"roman": "kagaku busshitsu",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"物質",
"ぶっしつ"
]
],
"word": "化学物質"
},
{
"english": "chemical analysis",
"roman": "kagaku bunseki",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"分析",
"ぶんせき"
]
],
"word": "化学分析"
},
{
"english": "chemical weapons",
"roman": "kagaku heiki",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"兵",
"へい"
],
[
"器",
"き"
]
],
"word": "化学兵器"
},
{
"english": "chemical equilibrium",
"roman": "kagaku heikō",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"平衡",
"へいこう"
]
],
"word": "化学平衡"
},
{
"english": "chemical change",
"roman": "kagaku henka",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"変",
"へん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "化学変化"
},
{
"english": "chemicals",
"roman": "kagaku yakuhin",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"薬品",
"やくひん"
]
],
"word": "化学薬品"
},
{
"english": "chemotherapy",
"roman": "kagaku ryōhō",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"療",
"りょう"
],
[
"法",
"ほう"
]
],
"word": "化学療法"
},
{
"english": "chemical energy",
"roman": "kagaku enerugī",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "化学エネルギー"
},
{
"english": "chemical potential",
"roman": "kagaku potensharu",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "化学ポテンシャル"
},
{
"english": "chemical seasoning",
"roman": "kagaku chōmiryō",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学調",
"がくちょう"
],
[
"味",
"み"
],
[
"料",
"りょう"
]
],
"word": "化学調味料"
},
{
"english": "chemical thermodynamics",
"roman": "kagaku netsurikigaku",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学熱力学",
"がくねつりきがく"
]
],
"word": "化学熱力学"
},
{
"english": "reaction formula",
"roman": "kagaku-hannōshiki",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学反応式",
"がくはんのうしき"
]
],
"word": "化学反応式"
},
{
"english": "chemical physics",
"roman": "kagaku butsurigaku",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学物",
"がくぶつ"
],
[
"理",
"り"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "化学物理学"
},
{
"english": "chemical equation",
"roman": "kagaku hōteishiki",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学方",
"がくほう"
],
[
"程",
"てい"
],
[
"式",
"しき"
]
],
"word": "化学方程式"
},
{
"english": "chemical contamination disaster",
"roman": "kagaku osen saigai",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学汚",
"がくお"
],
[
"染災害",
"せんさいがい"
]
],
"word": "化学汚染災害"
},
{
"english": "chemiosmotic hypothesis",
"roman": "kagaku shintō-atsusetsu",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学浸透",
"がくしんとう"
],
[
"圧説",
"あつせつ"
]
],
"word": "化学浸透圧説"
},
{
"english": "chemotransmitter",
"roman": "kagaku dentatsu busshitsu",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学伝達物質",
"がくでんたつぶっしつ"
]
],
"word": "化学伝達物質"
},
{
"english": "chemical weapons ban treaty",
"roman": "kagaku heiki kinshi jōyaku",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学兵",
"がくへい"
],
[
"器禁",
"ききん"
],
[
"止条",
"しじょう"
],
[
"約",
"やく"
]
],
"word": "化学兵器禁止条約"
},
{
"english": "medical chemistry",
"roman": "ikagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"医化",
"いか"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "医化学"
},
{
"english": "photochemistry",
"roman": "kōkagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"光",
"こう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "光化学"
},
{
"english": "biochemistry",
"roman": "seikagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"生",
"せい"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "生化学"
},
{
"english": "physics and chemistry",
"roman": "rikagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"理化",
"りか"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "理化学"
},
{
"english": "applied chemistry",
"roman": "ōyō kagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"応用",
"おうよう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "応用化学"
},
{
"english": "surface chemistry",
"roman": "kaimen kagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"界面",
"かいめん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "界面化学"
},
{
"english": "computational chemistry",
"roman": "keisan kagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"計算",
"けいさん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "計算化学"
},
{
"english": "industrial chemistry",
"roman": "kōgyō kagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"工",
"こう"
],
[
"業",
"ぎょう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "工業化学"
},
{
"english": "synthetic chemistry",
"roman": "gōsei kagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"合成",
"ごうせい"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "合成化学"
},
{
"english": "biochemistry",
"roman": "seibutsu kagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"生物",
"せいぶつ"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "生物化学"
},
{
"english": "petrochemistry",
"roman": "sekiyu kagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"石",
"せき"
],
[
"油",
"ゆ"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "石油化学"
},
{
"english": "geochemistry",
"roman": "chikyū kagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"地",
"ち"
],
[
"球",
"きゅう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "地球化学"
},
{
"english": "electrochemistry",
"roman": "denki kagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"電",
"でん"
],
[
"気",
"き"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "電気化学"
},
{
"english": "agricultural chemistry",
"roman": "nōgei kagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"農芸",
"のうげい"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "農芸化学"
},
{
"english": "physical chemistry",
"roman": "butsuri kagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"物",
"ぶつ"
],
[
"理",
"り"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "物理化学"
},
{
"english": "analytical chemistry",
"roman": "bunseki kagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"分析",
"ぶんせき"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "分析化学"
},
{
"english": "inorganic chemistry",
"roman": "muki kagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"無機",
"むき"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "無機化学"
},
{
"english": "organic chemistry",
"roman": "yūki kagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"有",
"ゆう"
],
[
"機",
"き"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "有機化学"
},
{
"english": "stereochemistry",
"roman": "rittai kagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"立体",
"りったい"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "立体化学"
},
{
"english": "quantum chemistry",
"roman": "ryōshi kagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"量",
"りょう"
],
[
"子",
"し"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "量子化学"
},
{
"english": "theoretical chemistry",
"roman": "riron kagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"理",
"り"
],
[
"論",
"ろん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "理論化学"
},
{
"english": "cosmochemistry",
"roman": "uchū kagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"宇",
"う"
],
[
"宙",
"ちゅう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "宇宙化学"
},
{
"english": "colloid chemistry",
"roman": "koroido kagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "コロイド化学"
},
{
"english": "fine chemical",
"roman": "seimitsu kagakuhin",
"ruby": [
[
"精密",
"せいみつ"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学品",
"がくひん"
]
],
"word": "精密化学品"
},
{
"english": "Nobel Prize in Chemistry",
"roman": "nōberu-kagakushō",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"賞",
"しょう"
]
],
"word": "ノーベル化学賞"
},
{
"english": "gas chemical industry",
"roman": "gasu kagaku kōgyō",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学工",
"がくこう"
],
[
"業",
"ぎょう"
]
],
"word": "ガス化学工業"
},
{
"english": "synthetic chemical industry",
"roman": "gōsei kagaku kōgyō",
"ruby": [
[
"合成",
"ごうせい"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学工",
"がくこう"
],
[
"業",
"ぎょう"
]
],
"word": "合成化学工業"
},
{
"english": "biological and chemical weapons",
"roman": "seibutsu kagaku heiki",
"ruby": [
[
"生物",
"せいぶつ"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学兵",
"がくへい"
],
[
"器",
"き"
]
],
"word": "生物化学兵器"
},
{
"english": "high polymer chemistry",
"roman": "kōbunshi kagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"高",
"こう"
],
[
"分",
"ぶん"
],
[
"子",
"し"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "高分子化学"
},
{
"english": "molecular evolution",
"roman": "bunshi-shinkagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"分",
"ぶ"
],
[
"子",
"んし"
],
[
"進",
"しん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "分子進化学"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chemistry (branch of natural science)"
],
"id": "en-化学-ja-noun-m4RZu6r1",
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かがく"
},
{
"ipa": "[ka̠ɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Chemistry",
"Iwanami Shoten",
"Kawamoto Kōmin",
"Kōjien",
"Shinmura Izuru",
"Tōkyō",
"Wang Tao (19th century)",
"ja:化学",
"ja:川本幸民",
"ja:広辞苑"
],
"word": "化学"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "bakegaku"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "化学",
"tr": "kagaku"
},
"expansion": "化学 (kagaku)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "化ける",
"3": "",
"4": "to transform",
"tr": "bakeru"
},
"expansion": "化ける (bakeru, “to transform”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "化け",
"3": "学",
"pos1": "stem of <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">化ける</i> (bakeru, “to transform”)",
"sort": "かがく",
"t2": "-logy; -graphy",
"tr1": "bake",
"tr2": "-gaku"
},
"expansion": "化け (bake, stem of 化ける (bakeru, “to transform”)) + 学 (-gaku, “-logy; -graphy”)",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "科学",
"3": "",
"4": "science",
"tr": "kagaku"
},
"expansion": "科学 (kagaku, “science”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "大原富枝",
"tr": "Ōhara Tomie"
},
"expansion": "大原富枝 (Ōhara Tomie)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nReanalysis of 化学 (kagaku), as a compound of 化け (bake, stem of 化ける (bakeru, “to transform”)) + 学 (-gaku, “-logy; -graphy”). Alternative reading sometimes used to differentiate from phonetically identical 科学 (kagaku, “science”).\nFirst cited to a 1967 novel by 大原富枝 (Ōhara Tomie).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "化学",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"ばけ"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "bakegaku",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ばけがく"
},
"expansion": "化(ばけ)学(がく) • (bakegaku)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms suffixed with 学",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese words with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Chemistry",
"orig": "ja:Chemistry",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chemistry (branch of natural science)"
],
"id": "en-化学-ja-noun-m4RZu6r11",
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ばけがく"
},
{
"ipa": "[ba̠ke̞ɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Chemistry",
"Daijisen#Online_search_engines",
"Tomie Ōhara",
"ja:化学",
"ja:大原富枝"
],
"word": "化学"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese orthographic borrowings from Chinese",
"Japanese terms borrowed from Chinese",
"Japanese terms derived from Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms suffixed with 学",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"Japanese words with multiple readings",
"ja:Chemistry"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "chemical agent",
"roman": "kagakuzai",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学剤",
"がくざい"
]
],
"word": "化学剤"
},
{
"english": "chemical formula",
"roman": "kagakushiki",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学式",
"がくしき"
]
],
"word": "化学式"
},
{
"english": "chemist",
"roman": "kagakusha",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学者",
"がくしゃ"
]
],
"word": "化学者"
},
{
"english": "chemical warfare",
"roman": "kagakusen",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学戦",
"がくせん"
]
],
"word": "化学戦"
},
{
"english": "actinic rays",
"roman": "kagakusen",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学線",
"がくせん"
]
],
"word": "化学線"
},
{
"english": "chemical, chemical product",
"roman": "kagakuhin",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学品",
"がくひん"
]
],
"word": "化学品"
},
{
"english": "chemical",
"roman": "kagakuteki",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学的",
"がくてき"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "化学的"
},
{
"english": "chemisorb",
"roman": "kagaku kyūchaku",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"吸着",
"きゅうちゃく"
]
],
"word": "化学吸着"
},
{
"english": "chemical bond",
"roman": "kagaku ketsugō",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"結合",
"けつごう"
]
],
"word": "化学結合"
},
{
"english": "chemical polishing",
"roman": "kagaku kenma",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"研",
"けん"
],
[
"磨",
"ま"
]
],
"word": "化学研磨"
},
{
"english": "chemical engineering",
"roman": "kagaku kōgaku",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"工学",
"こうがく"
]
],
"word": "化学工学"
},
{
"english": "chemical industry",
"roman": "kagaku kōgyō",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"工",
"こう"
],
[
"業",
"ぎょう"
]
],
"word": "化学工業"
},
{
"english": "chemical attack",
"roman": "kagaku kōgeki",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"攻撃",
"こうげき"
]
],
"word": "化学攻撃"
},
{
"english": "chemical structure",
"roman": "kagaku kōzō",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"構造",
"こうぞう"
]
],
"word": "化学構造"
},
{
"english": "chemosynthesis",
"roman": "kagaku gōsei",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"合成",
"ごうせい"
]
],
"word": "化学合成"
},
{
"english": "chemical action",
"roman": "kagaku sayō",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"作",
"さ"
],
[
"用",
"よう"
]
],
"word": "化学作用"
},
{
"english": "chemical test",
"roman": "kagaku shiken",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"試",
"し"
],
[
"験",
"けん"
]
],
"word": "化学試験"
},
{
"english": "chemical evolution",
"roman": "kagaku shinka",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"進",
"しん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "化学進化"
},
{
"english": "chemical",
"roman": "kagaku seihin",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"製品",
"せいひん"
]
],
"word": "化学製品"
},
{
"english": "synthetic fibers",
"roman": "kagaku sen'i",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"繊",
"せん"
],
[
"維",
"い"
]
],
"word": "化学繊維"
},
{
"english": "chemical balance",
"roman": "kagaku tenbin",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"天秤",
"てんびん"
]
],
"word": "化学天秤"
},
{
"english": "chemical equivalent",
"roman": "kagaku tōryō",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"当",
"とう"
],
[
"量",
"りょう"
]
],
"word": "化学当量"
},
{
"english": "chemoluminescence",
"roman": "kagaku hakkō",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"発光",
"はっこう"
]
],
"word": "化学発光"
},
{
"english": "chemical reaction",
"roman": "kagaku hannō",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"反応",
"はんのう"
]
],
"word": "化学反応"
},
{
"english": "chemical fertilizer",
"roman": "kagaku hiryō",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"肥",
"ひ"
],
[
"料",
"りょう"
]
],
"word": "化学肥料"
},
{
"english": "chemical substances",
"roman": "kagaku busshitsu",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"物質",
"ぶっしつ"
]
],
"word": "化学物質"
},
{
"english": "chemical analysis",
"roman": "kagaku bunseki",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"分析",
"ぶんせき"
]
],
"word": "化学分析"
},
{
"english": "chemical weapons",
"roman": "kagaku heiki",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"兵",
"へい"
],
[
"器",
"き"
]
],
"word": "化学兵器"
},
{
"english": "chemical equilibrium",
"roman": "kagaku heikō",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"平衡",
"へいこう"
]
],
"word": "化学平衡"
},
{
"english": "chemical change",
"roman": "kagaku henka",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"変",
"へん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "化学変化"
},
{
"english": "chemicals",
"roman": "kagaku yakuhin",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"薬品",
"やくひん"
]
],
"word": "化学薬品"
},
{
"english": "chemotherapy",
"roman": "kagaku ryōhō",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"療",
"りょう"
],
[
"法",
"ほう"
]
],
"word": "化学療法"
},
{
"english": "chemical energy",
"roman": "kagaku enerugī",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "化学エネルギー"
},
{
"english": "chemical potential",
"roman": "kagaku potensharu",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "化学ポテンシャル"
},
{
"english": "chemical seasoning",
"roman": "kagaku chōmiryō",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学調",
"がくちょう"
],
[
"味",
"み"
],
[
"料",
"りょう"
]
],
"word": "化学調味料"
},
{
"english": "chemical thermodynamics",
"roman": "kagaku netsurikigaku",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学熱力学",
"がくねつりきがく"
]
],
"word": "化学熱力学"
},
{
"english": "reaction formula",
"roman": "kagaku-hannōshiki",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学反応式",
"がくはんのうしき"
]
],
"word": "化学反応式"
},
{
"english": "chemical physics",
"roman": "kagaku butsurigaku",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学物",
"がくぶつ"
],
[
"理",
"り"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "化学物理学"
},
{
"english": "chemical equation",
"roman": "kagaku hōteishiki",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学方",
"がくほう"
],
[
"程",
"てい"
],
[
"式",
"しき"
]
],
"word": "化学方程式"
},
{
"english": "chemical contamination disaster",
"roman": "kagaku osen saigai",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学汚",
"がくお"
],
[
"染災害",
"せんさいがい"
]
],
"word": "化学汚染災害"
},
{
"english": "chemiosmotic hypothesis",
"roman": "kagaku shintō-atsusetsu",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学浸透",
"がくしんとう"
],
[
"圧説",
"あつせつ"
]
],
"word": "化学浸透圧説"
},
{
"english": "chemotransmitter",
"roman": "kagaku dentatsu busshitsu",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学伝達物質",
"がくでんたつぶっしつ"
]
],
"word": "化学伝達物質"
},
{
"english": "chemical weapons ban treaty",
"roman": "kagaku heiki kinshi jōyaku",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学兵",
"がくへい"
],
[
"器禁",
"ききん"
],
[
"止条",
"しじょう"
],
[
"約",
"やく"
]
],
"word": "化学兵器禁止条約"
},
{
"english": "medical chemistry",
"roman": "ikagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"医化",
"いか"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "医化学"
},
{
"english": "photochemistry",
"roman": "kōkagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"光",
"こう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "光化学"
},
{
"english": "biochemistry",
"roman": "seikagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"生",
"せい"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "生化学"
},
{
"english": "physics and chemistry",
"roman": "rikagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"理化",
"りか"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "理化学"
},
{
"english": "applied chemistry",
"roman": "ōyō kagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"応用",
"おうよう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "応用化学"
},
{
"english": "surface chemistry",
"roman": "kaimen kagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"界面",
"かいめん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "界面化学"
},
{
"english": "computational chemistry",
"roman": "keisan kagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"計算",
"けいさん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "計算化学"
},
{
"english": "industrial chemistry",
"roman": "kōgyō kagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"工",
"こう"
],
[
"業",
"ぎょう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "工業化学"
},
{
"english": "synthetic chemistry",
"roman": "gōsei kagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"合成",
"ごうせい"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "合成化学"
},
{
"english": "biochemistry",
"roman": "seibutsu kagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"生物",
"せいぶつ"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "生物化学"
},
{
"english": "petrochemistry",
"roman": "sekiyu kagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"石",
"せき"
],
[
"油",
"ゆ"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "石油化学"
},
{
"english": "geochemistry",
"roman": "chikyū kagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"地",
"ち"
],
[
"球",
"きゅう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "地球化学"
},
{
"english": "electrochemistry",
"roman": "denki kagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"電",
"でん"
],
[
"気",
"き"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "電気化学"
},
{
"english": "agricultural chemistry",
"roman": "nōgei kagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"農芸",
"のうげい"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "農芸化学"
},
{
"english": "physical chemistry",
"roman": "butsuri kagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"物",
"ぶつ"
],
[
"理",
"り"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "物理化学"
},
{
"english": "analytical chemistry",
"roman": "bunseki kagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"分析",
"ぶんせき"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "分析化学"
},
{
"english": "inorganic chemistry",
"roman": "muki kagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"無機",
"むき"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "無機化学"
},
{
"english": "organic chemistry",
"roman": "yūki kagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"有",
"ゆう"
],
[
"機",
"き"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "有機化学"
},
{
"english": "stereochemistry",
"roman": "rittai kagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"立体",
"りったい"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "立体化学"
},
{
"english": "quantum chemistry",
"roman": "ryōshi kagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"量",
"りょう"
],
[
"子",
"し"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "量子化学"
},
{
"english": "theoretical chemistry",
"roman": "riron kagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"理",
"り"
],
[
"論",
"ろん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "理論化学"
},
{
"english": "cosmochemistry",
"roman": "uchū kagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"宇",
"う"
],
[
"宙",
"ちゅう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "宇宙化学"
},
{
"english": "colloid chemistry",
"roman": "koroido kagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "コロイド化学"
},
{
"english": "fine chemical",
"roman": "seimitsu kagakuhin",
"ruby": [
[
"精密",
"せいみつ"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学品",
"がくひん"
]
],
"word": "精密化学品"
},
{
"english": "Nobel Prize in Chemistry",
"roman": "nōberu-kagakushō",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
],
[
"賞",
"しょう"
]
],
"word": "ノーベル化学賞"
},
{
"english": "gas chemical industry",
"roman": "gasu kagaku kōgyō",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学工",
"がくこう"
],
[
"業",
"ぎょう"
]
],
"word": "ガス化学工業"
},
{
"english": "synthetic chemical industry",
"roman": "gōsei kagaku kōgyō",
"ruby": [
[
"合成",
"ごうせい"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学工",
"がくこう"
],
[
"業",
"ぎょう"
]
],
"word": "合成化学工業"
},
{
"english": "biological and chemical weapons",
"roman": "seibutsu kagaku heiki",
"ruby": [
[
"生物",
"せいぶつ"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学兵",
"がくへい"
],
[
"器",
"き"
]
],
"word": "生物化学兵器"
},
{
"english": "high polymer chemistry",
"roman": "kōbunshi kagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"高",
"こう"
],
[
"分",
"ぶん"
],
[
"子",
"し"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "高分子化学"
},
{
"english": "molecular evolution",
"roman": "bunshi-shinkagaku",
"ruby": [
[
"分",
"ぶ"
],
[
"子",
"んし"
],
[
"進",
"しん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "分子進化学"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "kagaku"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "zh",
"3": "化學",
"lit": "change + study",
"sort": "かがく"
},
"expansion": "Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 化學／化学 (huàxué, literally “change + study”)",
"name": "obor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "川本幸民",
"tr": "Kawamoto Kōmin"
},
"expansion": "川本幸民 (Kawamoto Kōmin)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "舎密",
"tr": "seimi"
},
"expansion": "舎密 (seimi)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nOrthographic borrowing from Chinese 化學／化学 (huàxué, literally “change + study”).\nApparently first cited anywhere in an 1855 text in Chinese, in the diary of noted intellectual Wang Tao. First cited in Japanese in an 1860 translation of a Dutch text by 川本幸民 (Kawamoto Kōmin).\nSuperseded older term 舎密 (seimi).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "化学",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kagaku",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kwagaku",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "くわがく",
"roman": "kwagaku",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かがく",
"hhira": "くわがく"
},
"expansion": "化(か)学(がく) • (kagaku) ^(←くわがく (kwagaku)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"chemistry (branch of natural science)"
],
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かがく"
},
{
"ipa": "[ka̠ɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Chemistry",
"Iwanami Shoten",
"Kawamoto Kōmin",
"Kōjien",
"Shinmura Izuru",
"Tōkyō",
"Wang Tao (19th century)",
"ja:化学",
"ja:川本幸民",
"ja:広辞苑"
],
"word": "化学"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms suffixed with 学",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"Japanese words with multiple readings",
"ja:Chemistry"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "bakegaku"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "化学",
"tr": "kagaku"
},
"expansion": "化学 (kagaku)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "化ける",
"3": "",
"4": "to transform",
"tr": "bakeru"
},
"expansion": "化ける (bakeru, “to transform”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "化け",
"3": "学",
"pos1": "stem of <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">化ける</i> (bakeru, “to transform”)",
"sort": "かがく",
"t2": "-logy; -graphy",
"tr1": "bake",
"tr2": "-gaku"
},
"expansion": "化け (bake, stem of 化ける (bakeru, “to transform”)) + 学 (-gaku, “-logy; -graphy”)",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "科学",
"3": "",
"4": "science",
"tr": "kagaku"
},
"expansion": "科学 (kagaku, “science”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "大原富枝",
"tr": "Ōhara Tomie"
},
"expansion": "大原富枝 (Ōhara Tomie)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nReanalysis of 化学 (kagaku), as a compound of 化け (bake, stem of 化ける (bakeru, “to transform”)) + 学 (-gaku, “-logy; -graphy”). Alternative reading sometimes used to differentiate from phonetically identical 科学 (kagaku, “science”).\nFirst cited to a 1967 novel by 大原富枝 (Ōhara Tomie).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "化学",
"ruby": [
[
"化",
"ばけ"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "bakegaku",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ばけがく"
},
"expansion": "化(ばけ)学(がく) • (bakegaku)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"chemistry (branch of natural science)"
],
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ばけがく"
},
{
"ipa": "[ba̠ke̞ɡa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Chemistry",
"Daijisen#Online_search_engines",
"Tomie Ōhara",
"ja:化学",
"ja:大原富枝"
],
"word": "化学"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"化学"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "化学",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"化学"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "化学",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"化学"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "化学",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.