See 冷える in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_text": "From the classical verb 冷ゆ (hiyu).\nDevelopment\nNatural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "冷える",
"ruby": [
[
"冷",
"ひ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hieru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "冷え",
"roman": "hie",
"ruby": [
[
"冷",
"ひ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "冷えた",
"roman": "hieta",
"ruby": [
[
"冷",
"ひ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-ichi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "冷え",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ひえ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "冷える",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ひえる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hieru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "冷えれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ひえれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hiere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "冷えよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "冷えろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "ひえよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "ひえろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "hieyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "hiero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "冷えられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "ひえられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "hierareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "冷えさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "冷えさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ひえさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ひえさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "hiesaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "hiesasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "冷えられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "冷えれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "ひえられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "ひえれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "hierareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "hiereru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "冷えよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ひえよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "hieyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "冷えない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "冷えぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "冷えん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ひえない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ひえぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ひえん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hienai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hienu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "冷えず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ひえず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hiezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "冷えます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ひえます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "hiemasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "冷えた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "ひえた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "hieta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "冷えて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ひえて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hiete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "冷えれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "ひえれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "hiereba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ひえる",
"tr": "intrans",
"type": "2"
},
"expansion": "冷(ひ)える • (hieru) intransitive ichidan (stem 冷(ひ)え (hie), past 冷(ひ)えた (hieta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "hiekiru",
"ruby": [
[
"冷",
"ひ"
],
[
"切",
"き"
]
],
"word": "冷え切る"
},
{
"roman": "hiekomu",
"ruby": [
[
"冷",
"ひ"
],
[
"込",
"こ"
]
],
"word": "冷え込む"
},
{
"roman": "hanabie",
"ruby": [
[
"花",
"はな"
],
[
"冷",
"び"
]
],
"word": "花冷え"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to become cold, cool down"
],
"id": "en-冷える-ja-verb-gkeoIzoj",
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
],
[
"cool down",
"cool down"
]
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "hiyasu",
"ruby": [
[
"冷",
"ひ"
]
],
"word": "冷やす"
},
{
"roman": "samasu",
"ruby": [
[
"冷",
"さ"
]
],
"word": "冷ます"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ひえる"
},
{
"ipa": "[çie̞ɾɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "冷える"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"roman": "hiekiru",
"ruby": [
[
"冷",
"ひ"
],
[
"切",
"き"
]
],
"word": "冷え切る"
},
{
"roman": "hiekomu",
"ruby": [
[
"冷",
"ひ"
],
[
"込",
"こ"
]
],
"word": "冷え込む"
},
{
"roman": "hanabie",
"ruby": [
[
"花",
"はな"
],
[
"冷",
"び"
]
],
"word": "花冷え"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the classical verb 冷ゆ (hiyu).\nDevelopment\nNatural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "冷える",
"ruby": [
[
"冷",
"ひ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hieru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "冷え",
"roman": "hie",
"ruby": [
[
"冷",
"ひ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "冷えた",
"roman": "hieta",
"ruby": [
[
"冷",
"ひ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-ichi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "冷え",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ひえ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "冷える",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ひえる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hieru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "冷えれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ひえれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hiere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "冷えよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "冷えろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "ひえよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "ひえろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "hieyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "hiero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "冷えられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "ひえられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "hierareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "冷えさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "冷えさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ひえさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ひえさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "hiesaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "hiesasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "冷えられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "冷えれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "ひえられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "ひえれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "hierareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "hiereru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "冷えよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ひえよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "hieyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "冷えない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "冷えぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "冷えん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ひえない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ひえぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ひえん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hienai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hienu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "冷えず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ひえず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hiezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "冷えます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ひえます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "hiemasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "冷えた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "ひえた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "hieta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "冷えて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ひえて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hiete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "冷えれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "ひえれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "hiereba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ひえる",
"tr": "intrans",
"type": "2"
},
"expansion": "冷(ひ)える • (hieru) intransitive ichidan (stem 冷(ひ)え (hie), past 冷(ひ)えた (hieta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"roman": "hiyasu",
"ruby": [
[
"冷",
"ひ"
]
],
"word": "冷やす"
},
{
"roman": "samasu",
"ruby": [
[
"冷",
"さ"
]
],
"word": "冷ます"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese ichidan verbs",
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese shimo ichidan verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"to become cold, cool down"
],
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
],
[
"cool down",
"cool down"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ひえる"
},
{
"ipa": "[çie̞ɾɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "冷える"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 冷える meaning in Japanese (6.6kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"冷える"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "冷える",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"冷える"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "冷える",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"冷える"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "冷える",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"冷える"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "冷える",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"冷える"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "冷える",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"冷える"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "冷える",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"冷える"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "冷える",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.