"修業" meaning in Japanese

See 修業 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Forms: 修業 [canonical] (ruby: (しゅう), (ぎょう)), shūgyō [romanization]
Head templates: {{ja-noun|しゅうぎょう}} 修(しゅう)業(ぎょう) • (shūgyō)
  1. training, study, practice
    Sense id: en-修業-ja-noun-16qtReg0 Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys, Japanese verbs without transitivity Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 70 30 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 85 15 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 81 19 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 85 15 Disambiguation of Japanese verbs without transitivity: 52 48

Verb

Forms: 修業する [canonical] (ruby: (しゅう), (ぎょう)), shūgyō suru [romanization], 修業し [stem] (ruby: (しゅう), (ぎょう)), 修業した [past] (ruby: (しゅう), (ぎょう)), no-table-tags [table-tags], 修業し [error-unrecognized-form], しゅうぎょうし [error-unrecognized-form], shūgyō shi [error-unrecognized-form], 修業する [error-unrecognized-form], しゅうぎょうする [error-unrecognized-form], shūgyō suru [error-unrecognized-form], 修業すれ [error-unrecognized-form], しゅうぎょうすれ [error-unrecognized-form], shūgyō sure [error-unrecognized-form], 修業せよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], 修業しろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], しゅうぎょうせよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], しゅうぎょうしろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], shūgyō seyo [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], shūgyō shiro [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], 修業される [passive], しゅうぎょうされる [passive], shūgyō sareru [passive], 修業させる [causative], 修業さす [causative], しゅうぎょうさせる [causative], しゅうぎょうさす [causative], shūgyō saseru [causative], shūgyō sasu [causative], 修業できる [potential], しゅうぎょうできる [potential], shūgyō dekiru [potential], 修業しよう [volitional], しゅうぎょうしよう [volitional], shūgyō shiyō [volitional], 修業しない [negative], しゅうぎょうしない [negative], shūgyō shinai [negative], 修業せず [continuative, negative], しゅうぎょうせず [continuative, negative], shūgyō sezu [continuative, negative], 修業します [formal], しゅうぎょうします [formal], shūgyō shimasu [formal], 修業した [perfective], しゅうぎょうした [perfective], shūgyō shita [perfective], 修業して [conjunctive], しゅうぎょうして [conjunctive], shūgyō shite [conjunctive], 修業すれば [conditional, hypothetical], しゅうぎょうすれば [conditional, hypothetical], shūgyō sureba [conditional, hypothetical]
  1. to train, to study, to practice
    Sense id: en-修業-ja-verb-YXDA9WsZ Categories (other): Japanese verbs without transitivity Disambiguation of Japanese verbs without transitivity: 52 48

Download JSON data for 修業 meaning in Japanese (6.5kB)

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "修業",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "修",
          "しゅう"
        ],
        [
          "業",
          "ぎょう"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shūgyō",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "しゅうぎょう"
      },
      "expansion": "修(しゅう)業(ぎょう) • (shūgyō)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "70 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "85 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "81 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "85 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "training, study, practice"
      ],
      "id": "en-修業-ja-noun-16qtReg0",
      "links": [
        [
          "training",
          "training"
        ],
        [
          "study",
          "study"
        ],
        [
          "practice",
          "practice"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "修業"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "修業する",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "修",
          "しゅう"
        ],
        [
          "業",
          "ぎょう"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shūgyō suru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "修業し",
      "roman": "shūgyō shi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "修",
          "しゅう"
        ],
        [
          "業",
          "ぎょう"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "修業した",
      "roman": "shūgyō shita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "修",
          "しゅう"
        ],
        [
          "業",
          "ぎょう"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "修業し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しゅうぎょうし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shūgyō shi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "修業する",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しゅうぎょうする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shūgyō suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "修業すれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しゅうぎょうすれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shūgyō sure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "修業せよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "修業しろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しゅうぎょうせよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しゅうぎょうしろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shūgyō seyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shūgyō shiro",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "修業される",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しゅうぎょうされる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shūgyō sareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "修業させる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "修業さす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しゅうぎょうさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しゅうぎょうさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shūgyō saseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shūgyō sasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "修業できる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しゅうぎょうできる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shūgyō dekiru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "修業しよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しゅうぎょうしよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shūgyō shiyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "修業しない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しゅうぎょうしない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shūgyō shinai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "修業せず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しゅうぎょうせず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shūgyō sezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "修業します",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しゅうぎょうします",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shūgyō shimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "修業した",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しゅうぎょうした",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shūgyō shita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "修業して",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しゅうぎょうして",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shūgyō shite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "修業すれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しゅうぎょうすれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shūgyō sureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to train, to study, to practice"
      ],
      "id": "en-修業-ja-verb-YXDA9WsZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "train",
          "train"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "修業"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese suru verbs",
    "Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
    "Japanese verbs",
    "Japanese verbs without transitivity"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "修業",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "修",
          "しゅう"
        ],
        [
          "業",
          "ぎょう"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shūgyō",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "しゅうぎょう"
      },
      "expansion": "修(しゅう)業(ぎょう) • (shūgyō)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "training, study, practice"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "training",
          "training"
        ],
        [
          "study",
          "study"
        ],
        [
          "practice",
          "practice"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "修業"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese suru verbs",
    "Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
    "Japanese verbs",
    "Japanese verbs without transitivity"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "修業する",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "修",
          "しゅう"
        ],
        [
          "業",
          "ぎょう"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shūgyō suru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "修業し",
      "roman": "shūgyō shi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "修",
          "しゅう"
        ],
        [
          "業",
          "ぎょう"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "修業した",
      "roman": "shūgyō shita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "修",
          "しゅう"
        ],
        [
          "業",
          "ぎょう"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "修業し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しゅうぎょうし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shūgyō shi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "修業する",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しゅうぎょうする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shūgyō suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "修業すれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しゅうぎょうすれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shūgyō sure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "修業せよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "修業しろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しゅうぎょうせよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しゅうぎょうしろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shūgyō seyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shūgyō shiro",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "修業される",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しゅうぎょうされる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shūgyō sareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "修業させる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "修業さす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しゅうぎょうさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しゅうぎょうさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shūgyō saseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shūgyō sasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "修業できる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しゅうぎょうできる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shūgyō dekiru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "修業しよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しゅうぎょうしよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shūgyō shiyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "修業しない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しゅうぎょうしない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shūgyō shinai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "修業せず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しゅうぎょうせず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shūgyō sezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "修業します",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しゅうぎょうします",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shūgyō shimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "修業した",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しゅうぎょうした",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shūgyō shita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "修業して",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しゅうぎょうして",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shūgyō shite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "修業すれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しゅうぎょうすれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shūgyō sureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to train, to study, to practice"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "train",
          "train"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "修業"
}
{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "修業"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "修業",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
  "path": [
    "修業"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "修業",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
  "path": [
    "修業"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "修業",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
  "path": [
    "修業"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "修業",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
  "path": [
    "修業"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "修業",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
  "path": [
    "修業"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "修業",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
  "path": [
    "修業"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "修業",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e268c0e and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.