"仕える" meaning in Japanese

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "kami ni tsukaeru",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "神",
          "かみ"
        ],
        [
          "仕",
          "つか"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "神に仕える serve God"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "serve a master, serve an employer faithfully",
      "roman": "shujin ni tsukaeru",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "主",
          "しゅ"
        ],
        [
          "人",
          "じん"
        ],
        [
          "仕",
          "つか"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "主人に仕える"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "serve two masters",
      "roman": "nikun ni tsukaeru",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "二",
          "に"
        ],
        [
          "君",
          "くん"
        ],
        [
          "仕",
          "つか"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "二君に仕える"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "it is better to work for oneself than to work for someone else",
      "roman": "sumajiki mono wa miyazukae",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "宮",
          "みや"
        ],
        [
          "仕",
          "づか"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "すまじきものは宮仕え"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "tsukaeme",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "仕",
          "つか"
        ],
        [
          "女",
          "め"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "仕え女: maidservant"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "tsukaematsuru",
      "word": "仕え奉る: to serve"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "to build something as commanded"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "personal attendant, valet, maid",
      "roman": "sobazukae",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "側",
          "そば"
        ],
        [
          "仕",
          "づか"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "側仕え"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "miyazukae",
      "word": "宮仕え: service to the royal court"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "public service"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "company employment"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "to serve multiple masters or causes at the same time",
      "roman": "kanetsukaeru",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "兼",
          "か"
        ],
        [
          "仕",
          "つか"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "兼ね仕える"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "/tukapu/ → /t͡sukafu/ → /t͡sukafuru/ → /t͡sukaferu/ → /t͡sukaeru/\nFrom Old Japanese. Appears in the Man'yōshū of 759.\nCognate with 使う (tsukau, ancient tsukapu; “to use”), and derived via regular historical processes from the 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjgation”) verb paradigm from this same root form.\nDevelopment\nNatural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.\n\nWhile the 四段活用 (yodan katsuyō, “quadrigrade conjugation”) pattern for tsukau was used to refer to the action of a superior to a subordinate, the shimo nidan conjugation pattern was used to refer to the action of a subordinate to a superior.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "仕える",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "仕",
          "つか"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukaeru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tukaferu",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "仕え",
      "roman": "tsukae",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "仕",
          "つか"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "仕えた",
      "roman": "tsukaeta",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "仕",
          "つか"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-ichi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "仕え",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかえ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "仕える",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかえる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukaeru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "仕えれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかえれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukaere",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "仕えよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "仕えろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかえよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかえろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukaero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "仕えられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかえられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukaerareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "仕えさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "仕えさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかえさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかえさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukaesaseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukaesasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "仕えられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "仕えれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかえられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかえれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukaerareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukaereru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "仕えよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかえよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukaeyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "仕えない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "仕えぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "仕えん",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかえない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかえぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかえん",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukaenai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukaenu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukaen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "仕えず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかえず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukaezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "仕えます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかえます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukaemasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "仕えた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかえた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukaeta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "仕えて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかえて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukaete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "仕えれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかえれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukaereba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "つかえる",
        "hhira": "つかへる",
        "tr": "intrans",
        "type": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "仕(つか)える • (tsukaeru) ^(←つかへる (tukaferu)?)intransitive ichidan (stem 仕(つか)え (tsukae), past 仕(つか)えた (tsukaeta))",
      "name": "ja-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "to be useful, to be capable of being used",
      "roman": "tsukaeru",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "使",
          "つか"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "使える"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "to become clogged, blocked, stopped-up",
      "roman": "tsukaeru",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "支",
          "つか"
        ],
        [
          "閊",
          "つか"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "支える, 閊える"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to serve, serve under, take service under"
      ],
      "id": "en-仕える-ja-verb-VVktK6Jb",
      "links": [
        [
          "serve",
          "serve"
        ],
        [
          "under",
          "under"
        ],
        [
          "take",
          "take"
        ],
        [
          "service",
          "service"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "roman": "hōshi suru",
          "sense": "serve, serve under",
          "word": "奉仕する"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "roman": "bushi suru",
          "sense": "serve, serve under",
          "word": "奉仕する"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 85",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 90",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 92",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 92",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 66",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 92",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 88",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 86",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to enter public service"
      ],
      "id": "en-仕える-ja-verb-JnYKbn8f",
      "links": [
        [
          "public service",
          "public service"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "roman": "shikan suru",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "仕",
              "し"
            ],
            [
              "官",
              "かん"
            ]
          ],
          "sense": "enter public service",
          "word": "仕官する"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "つかえる"
    },
    {
      "other": "つかえる"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[t͡sɨka̠e̞ɾɯ̟]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Man'yōshū"
  ],
  "word": "仕える"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese ichidan verbs",
    "Japanese intransitive verbs",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with manual fragments",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese shimo ichidan verbs",
    "Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese verbs",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "kami ni tsukaeru",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "神",
          "かみ"
        ],
        [
          "仕",
          "つか"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "神に仕える serve God"
    },
    {
      "english": "serve a master, serve an employer faithfully",
      "roman": "shujin ni tsukaeru",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "主",
          "しゅ"
        ],
        [
          "人",
          "じん"
        ],
        [
          "仕",
          "つか"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "主人に仕える"
    },
    {
      "english": "serve two masters",
      "roman": "nikun ni tsukaeru",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "二",
          "に"
        ],
        [
          "君",
          "くん"
        ],
        [
          "仕",
          "つか"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "二君に仕える"
    },
    {
      "english": "it is better to work for oneself than to work for someone else",
      "roman": "sumajiki mono wa miyazukae",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "宮",
          "みや"
        ],
        [
          "仕",
          "づか"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "すまじきものは宮仕え"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tsukaeme",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "仕",
          "つか"
        ],
        [
          "女",
          "め"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "仕え女: maidservant"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tsukaematsuru",
      "word": "仕え奉る: to serve"
    },
    {
      "word": "to build something as commanded"
    },
    {
      "english": "personal attendant, valet, maid",
      "roman": "sobazukae",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "側",
          "そば"
        ],
        [
          "仕",
          "づか"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "側仕え"
    },
    {
      "roman": "miyazukae",
      "word": "宮仕え: service to the royal court"
    },
    {
      "word": "public service"
    },
    {
      "word": "company employment"
    },
    {
      "english": "to serve multiple masters or causes at the same time",
      "roman": "kanetsukaeru",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "兼",
          "か"
        ],
        [
          "仕",
          "つか"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "兼ね仕える"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "/tukapu/ → /t͡sukafu/ → /t͡sukafuru/ → /t͡sukaferu/ → /t͡sukaeru/\nFrom Old Japanese. Appears in the Man'yōshū of 759.\nCognate with 使う (tsukau, ancient tsukapu; “to use”), and derived via regular historical processes from the 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjgation”) verb paradigm from this same root form.\nDevelopment\nNatural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.\n\nWhile the 四段活用 (yodan katsuyō, “quadrigrade conjugation”) pattern for tsukau was used to refer to the action of a superior to a subordinate, the shimo nidan conjugation pattern was used to refer to the action of a subordinate to a superior.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "仕える",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "仕",
          "つか"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukaeru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tukaferu",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "仕え",
      "roman": "tsukae",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "仕",
          "つか"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "仕えた",
      "roman": "tsukaeta",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "仕",
          "つか"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-ichi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "仕え",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかえ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "仕える",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかえる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukaeru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "仕えれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかえれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukaere",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "仕えよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "仕えろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかえよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかえろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukaero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "仕えられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかえられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukaerareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "仕えさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "仕えさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかえさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかえさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukaesaseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukaesasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "仕えられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "仕えれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかえられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかえれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukaerareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukaereru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "仕えよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかえよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukaeyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "仕えない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "仕えぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "仕えん",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかえない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかえぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかえん",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukaenai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukaenu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukaen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "仕えず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかえず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukaezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "仕えます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかえます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukaemasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "仕えた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかえた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukaeta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "仕えて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかえて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukaete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "仕えれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかえれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukaereba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "つかえる",
        "hhira": "つかへる",
        "tr": "intrans",
        "type": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "仕(つか)える • (tsukaeru) ^(←つかへる (tukaferu)?)intransitive ichidan (stem 仕(つか)え (tsukae), past 仕(つか)えた (tsukaeta))",
      "name": "ja-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "to be useful, to be capable of being used",
      "roman": "tsukaeru",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "使",
          "つか"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "使える"
    },
    {
      "english": "to become clogged, blocked, stopped-up",
      "roman": "tsukaeru",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "支",
          "つか"
        ],
        [
          "閊",
          "つか"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "支える, 閊える"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to serve, serve under, take service under"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "serve",
          "serve"
        ],
        [
          "under",
          "under"
        ],
        [
          "take",
          "take"
        ],
        [
          "service",
          "service"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to enter public service"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "public service",
          "public service"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "つかえる"
    },
    {
      "other": "つかえる"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[t͡sɨka̠e̞ɾɯ̟]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "hōshi suru",
      "sense": "serve, serve under",
      "word": "奉仕する"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bushi suru",
      "sense": "serve, serve under",
      "word": "奉仕する"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shikan suru",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "仕",
          "し"
        ],
        [
          "官",
          "かん"
        ]
      ],
      "sense": "enter public service",
      "word": "仕官する"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Man'yōshū"
  ],
  "word": "仕える"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/304",
  "msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
  "path": [
    "仕える"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "仕える",
  "trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "仕える"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "仕える",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
  "path": [
    "仕える"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "仕える",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
  "path": [
    "仕える"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "仕える",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
  "path": [
    "仕える"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "仕える",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
  "path": [
    "仕える"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "仕える",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
  "path": [
    "仕える"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "仕える",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
  "path": [
    "仕える"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "仕える",
  "trace": ""
}