See 不快 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{ "forms": [ { "form": "不快", "ruby": [ [ "不", "ふ" ], [ "快", "かい" ] ], "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "fukai", "tags": [ "romanization" ] }, { "form": "不快な", "roman": "fukai na", "ruby": [ [ "不", "ふ" ], [ "快", "かい" ] ], "tags": [ "adnominal" ] }, { "form": "不快に", "roman": "fukai ni", "ruby": [ [ "不", "ふ" ], [ "快", "かい" ] ], "tags": [ "adverbial" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "ja-na", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "不快だろ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "imperfective", "stem" ] }, { "form": "ふかいだろ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "imperfective", "stem" ] }, { "form": "fukai daro", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "imperfective" ] }, { "form": "不快で", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "continuative", "stem" ] }, { "form": "ふかいで", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "continuative", "stem" ] }, { "form": "fukai de", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "continuative" ] }, { "form": "不快だ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "stem", "terminative" ] }, { "form": "ふかいだ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "stem", "terminative" ] }, { "form": "fukai da", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "terminative" ] }, { "form": "不快な", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "attributive", "stem" ] }, { "form": "ふかいな", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "attributive", "stem" ] }, { "form": "fukai na", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "attributive" ] }, { "form": "不快なら", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "hypothetical", "stem" ] }, { "form": "ふかいなら", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "hypothetical", "stem" ] }, { "form": "fukai nara", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "hypothetical" ] }, { "form": "不快であれ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "imperative", "stem" ] }, { "form": "ふかいであれ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "imperative", "stem" ] }, { "form": "fukai de are", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "imperative" ] }, { "form": "不快ではない", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "不快じゃない", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "ふかいではない", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "ふかいじゃない", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "fukai de wa nai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "fukai ja nai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "不快だった", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "past" ] }, { "form": "ふかいだった", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "past" ] }, { "form": "fukai datta", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "past" ] }, { "form": "不快ではなかった", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "不快じゃなかった", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "ふかいではなかった", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "ふかいじゃなかった", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "fukai de wa nakatta", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "fukai ja nakatta", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "不快です", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal" ] }, { "form": "ふかいです", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal" ] }, { "form": "fukai desu", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal" ] }, { "form": "不快ではありません", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "不快じゃありません", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "ふかいではありません", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "ふかいじゃありません", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "fukai de wa arimasen", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "fukai ja arimasen", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "不快でした", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "past" ] }, { "form": "ふかいでした", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "past" ] }, { "form": "fukai deshita", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "past" ] }, { "form": "不快ではありませんでした", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "不快じゃありませんでした", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "ふかいではありませんでした", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "ふかいじゃありませんでした", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "fukai de wa arimasen deshita", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "fukai ja arimasen deshita", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "不快で", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conjunctive" ] }, { "form": "ふかいで", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conjunctive" ] }, { "form": "fukai de", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conjunctive" ] }, { "form": "不快なら(ば)", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conditional" ] }, { "form": "ふかいなら(ば)", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conditional" ] }, { "form": "fukai nara (ba)", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conditional" ] }, { "form": "不快だったら", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conditional", "past" ] }, { "form": "ふかいだったら", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conditional", "past" ] }, { "form": "fukai dattara", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conditional", "past" ] }, { "form": "不快だろう", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "volitional" ] }, { "form": "ふかいだろう", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "volitional" ] }, { "form": "fukai darō", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "volitional" ] }, { "form": "不快に", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "adverbial" ] }, { "form": "ふかいに", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "adverbial" ] }, { "form": "fukai ni", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "adverbial" ] }, { "form": "不快さ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "noun-from-adj" ] }, { "form": "ふかいさ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "noun-from-adj" ] }, { "form": "fukaisa", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "noun-from-adj" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ふかい", "infl": "な" }, "expansion": "不(ふ)快(かい) • (fukai) -na (adnominal 不(ふ)快(かい)な (fukai na), adverbial 不(ふ)快(かい)に (fukai ni))", "name": "ja-adj" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "adverbial": ". に", "attributive": ". な", "conditional": ". なら(ば)", "conjunctive": ". で", "continuative": ". で", "degree": "さ", "formal": ". です", "formal_negative": ". で は ありません", "formal_negative2": ". じゃ ありません", "formal_negative_past": ". で は ありません でした", "formal_negative_past2": ". じゃ ありません でした", "formal_past": ". でした", "hypothetical": ". なら", "imperative": ". で あれ", "imperfective": ". だろ", "informal_negative": ". で は ない", "informal_negative2": ". じゃ ない", "informal_negative_past": ". で は なかった", "informal_negative_past2": ". じゃ なかった", "informal_past": ". だった", "kana": "ふかい", "lemma": "不快", "provisional": ". だったら", "terminal": ". だ", "volitional": ". だろう" }, "name": "ja-adj-infl" } ], "lang": "Japanese", "lang_code": "ja", "pos": "adj", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "_dis": "71 6 12 5 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "examples": [ { "bold_roman_offsets": [ [ 48, 53 ] ], "bold_text_offsets": [ [ 19, 21 ] ], "english": "...including those that may not be officially sanctioned, and who speak uncomfortable truths.", "roman": "Kono naka ni wa, kōnin sarenai de arō dantai ya fukai na shinjitsu o hakaru hitobito mo fukumareru.", "ruby": [ [ "中", "なか" ], [ "公認", "こうにん" ], [ "団体", "だんたい" ], [ "不快", "ふかい" ], [ "真実", "しんじつ" ], [ "語", "はか" ], [ "人々", "ひとびと" ], [ "含", "ふく" ] ], "text": "この中には、公認されないであろう団体や不快な真実を語る人々も含まれる。", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "unpleasant, noxious, nasty" ], "id": "en-不快-ja-adj-fN9-Hfm7", "links": [ [ "unpleasant", "unpleasant" ], [ "noxious", "noxious" ], [ "nasty", "nasty" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "spoiled, rotten" ], "id": "en-不快-ja-adj-GPZMPX3i", "links": [ [ "spoiled", "spoiled" ], [ "rotten", "rotten" ] ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "8 18 38 17 19", "kind": "other", "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "15 16 36 15 17", "kind": "other", "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "9 17 39 16 18", "kind": "other", "name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "15 16 36 15 17", "kind": "other", "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "ungrateful, displeased" ], "id": "en-不快-ja-adj-nj2tiv1u", "links": [ [ "ungrateful", "ungrateful" ], [ "displeased", "displeased" ] ] } ], "sounds": [ { "other": "ふかい" }, { "ipa": "[ɸɯ̟ka̠i]" } ], "word": "不快" } { "forms": [ { "form": "不快", "ruby": [ [ "不", "ふ" ], [ "快", "かい" ] ], "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "fukai", "tags": [ "romanization" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ふかい" }, "expansion": "不(ふ)快(かい) • (fukai)", "name": "ja-noun" } ], "lang": "Japanese", "lang_code": "ja", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "displeasure, undesirability, revolt, dysphoria" ], "id": "en-不快-ja-noun-Dd1uFigF", "links": [ [ "displeasure", "displeasure" ], [ "undesirability", "undesirability" ], [ "revolt", "revolt" ], [ "dysphoria", "dysphoria" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "discomfort, indisposition" ], "id": "en-不快-ja-noun-3mG8PA32", "links": [ [ "discomfort", "discomfort" ], [ "indisposition", "indisposition" ] ] } ], "sounds": [ { "other": "ふかい" }, { "ipa": "[ɸɯ̟ka̠i]" } ], "word": "不快" }
{ "categories": [ "Japanese adjectives", "Japanese entries with incorrect language header", "Japanese lemmas", "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters", "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks", "Japanese nouns", "Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji", "Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji", "Japanese terms with 2 kanji", "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys", "Japanese な-na adjectives", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries" ], "forms": [ { "form": "不快", "ruby": [ [ "不", "ふ" ], [ "快", "かい" ] ], "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "fukai", "tags": [ "romanization" ] }, { "form": "不快な", "roman": "fukai na", "ruby": [ [ "不", "ふ" ], [ "快", "かい" ] ], "tags": [ "adnominal" ] }, { "form": "不快に", "roman": "fukai ni", "ruby": [ [ "不", "ふ" ], [ "快", "かい" ] ], "tags": [ "adverbial" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "ja-na", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "不快だろ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "imperfective", "stem" ] }, { "form": "ふかいだろ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "imperfective", "stem" ] }, { "form": "fukai daro", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "imperfective" ] }, { "form": "不快で", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "continuative", "stem" ] }, { "form": "ふかいで", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "continuative", "stem" ] }, { "form": "fukai de", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "continuative" ] }, { "form": "不快だ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "stem", "terminative" ] }, { "form": "ふかいだ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "stem", "terminative" ] }, { "form": "fukai da", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "terminative" ] }, { "form": "不快な", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "attributive", "stem" ] }, { "form": "ふかいな", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "attributive", "stem" ] }, { "form": "fukai na", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "attributive" ] }, { "form": "不快なら", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "hypothetical", "stem" ] }, { "form": "ふかいなら", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "hypothetical", "stem" ] }, { "form": "fukai nara", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "hypothetical" ] }, { "form": "不快であれ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "imperative", "stem" ] }, { "form": "ふかいであれ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "imperative", "stem" ] }, { "form": "fukai de are", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "imperative" ] }, { "form": "不快ではない", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "不快じゃない", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "ふかいではない", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "ふかいじゃない", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "fukai de wa nai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "fukai ja nai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "不快だった", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "past" ] }, { "form": "ふかいだった", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "past" ] }, { "form": "fukai datta", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "past" ] }, { "form": "不快ではなかった", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "不快じゃなかった", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "ふかいではなかった", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "ふかいじゃなかった", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "fukai de wa nakatta", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "fukai ja nakatta", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "不快です", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal" ] }, { "form": "ふかいです", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal" ] }, { "form": "fukai desu", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal" ] }, { "form": "不快ではありません", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "不快じゃありません", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "ふかいではありません", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "ふかいじゃありません", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "fukai de wa arimasen", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "fukai ja arimasen", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "不快でした", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "past" ] }, { "form": "ふかいでした", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "past" ] }, { "form": "fukai deshita", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "past" ] }, { "form": "不快ではありませんでした", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "不快じゃありませんでした", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "ふかいではありませんでした", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "ふかいじゃありませんでした", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "fukai de wa arimasen deshita", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "fukai ja arimasen deshita", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "不快で", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conjunctive" ] }, { "form": "ふかいで", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conjunctive" ] }, { "form": "fukai de", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conjunctive" ] }, { "form": "不快なら(ば)", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conditional" ] }, { "form": "ふかいなら(ば)", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conditional" ] }, { "form": "fukai nara (ba)", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conditional" ] }, { "form": "不快だったら", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conditional", "past" ] }, { "form": "ふかいだったら", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conditional", "past" ] }, { "form": "fukai dattara", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conditional", "past" ] }, { "form": "不快だろう", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "volitional" ] }, { "form": "ふかいだろう", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "volitional" ] }, { "form": "fukai darō", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "volitional" ] }, { "form": "不快に", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "adverbial" ] }, { "form": "ふかいに", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "adverbial" ] }, { "form": "fukai ni", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "adverbial" ] }, { "form": "不快さ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "noun-from-adj" ] }, { "form": "ふかいさ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "noun-from-adj" ] }, { "form": "fukaisa", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "noun-from-adj" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ふかい", "infl": "な" }, "expansion": "不(ふ)快(かい) • (fukai) -na (adnominal 不(ふ)快(かい)な (fukai na), adverbial 不(ふ)快(かい)に (fukai ni))", "name": "ja-adj" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "adverbial": ". に", "attributive": ". な", "conditional": ". なら(ば)", "conjunctive": ". で", "continuative": ". で", "degree": "さ", "formal": ". です", "formal_negative": ". で は ありません", "formal_negative2": ". じゃ ありません", "formal_negative_past": ". で は ありません でした", "formal_negative_past2": ". じゃ ありません でした", "formal_past": ". でした", "hypothetical": ". なら", "imperative": ". で あれ", "imperfective": ". だろ", "informal_negative": ". で は ない", "informal_negative2": ". じゃ ない", "informal_negative_past": ". で は なかった", "informal_negative_past2": ". じゃ なかった", "informal_past": ". だった", "kana": "ふかい", "lemma": "不快", "provisional": ". だったら", "terminal": ". だ", "volitional": ". だろう" }, "name": "ja-adj-infl" } ], "lang": "Japanese", "lang_code": "ja", "pos": "adj", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters", "Japanese terms with usage examples" ], "examples": [ { "bold_roman_offsets": [ [ 48, 53 ] ], "bold_text_offsets": [ [ 19, 21 ] ], "english": "...including those that may not be officially sanctioned, and who speak uncomfortable truths.", "roman": "Kono naka ni wa, kōnin sarenai de arō dantai ya fukai na shinjitsu o hakaru hitobito mo fukumareru.", "ruby": [ [ "中", "なか" ], [ "公認", "こうにん" ], [ "団体", "だんたい" ], [ "不快", "ふかい" ], [ "真実", "しんじつ" ], [ "語", "はか" ], [ "人々", "ひとびと" ], [ "含", "ふく" ] ], "text": "この中には、公認されないであろう団体や不快な真実を語る人々も含まれる。", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "unpleasant, noxious, nasty" ], "links": [ [ "unpleasant", "unpleasant" ], [ "noxious", "noxious" ], [ "nasty", "nasty" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "spoiled, rotten" ], "links": [ [ "spoiled", "spoiled" ], [ "rotten", "rotten" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "ungrateful, displeased" ], "links": [ [ "ungrateful", "ungrateful" ], [ "displeased", "displeased" ] ] } ], "sounds": [ { "other": "ふかい" }, { "ipa": "[ɸɯ̟ka̠i]" } ], "word": "不快" } { "categories": [ "Japanese adjectives", "Japanese entries with incorrect language header", "Japanese lemmas", "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters", "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks", "Japanese nouns", "Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji", "Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji", "Japanese terms with 2 kanji", "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys", "Japanese な-na adjectives", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries" ], "forms": [ { "form": "不快", "ruby": [ [ "不", "ふ" ], [ "快", "かい" ] ], "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "fukai", "tags": [ "romanization" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ふかい" }, "expansion": "不(ふ)快(かい) • (fukai)", "name": "ja-noun" } ], "lang": "Japanese", "lang_code": "ja", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "displeasure, undesirability, revolt, dysphoria" ], "links": [ [ "displeasure", "displeasure" ], [ "undesirability", "undesirability" ], [ "revolt", "revolt" ], [ "dysphoria", "dysphoria" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "discomfort, indisposition" ], "links": [ [ "discomfort", "discomfort" ], [ "indisposition", "indisposition" ] ] } ], "sounds": [ { "other": "ふかい" }, { "ipa": "[ɸɯ̟ka̠i]" } ], "word": "不快" }
Download raw JSONL data for 不快 meaning in Japanese (10.3kB)
{ "called_from": "parser/1336", "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>", "path": [ "不快" ], "section": "Japanese", "subsection": "adjective", "title": "不快", "trace": "" } { "called_from": "parser/1336", "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>", "path": [ "不快" ], "section": "Japanese", "subsection": "noun", "title": "不快", "trace": "" }
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (3dadd05 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.