See べし in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-beshi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-adj-infl\n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "べから",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "bekara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "べく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "beku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "べし",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "beshi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "べき",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "べかる",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "beki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "bekaru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "べけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "bekere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "べきじゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "beki ja nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "べきだった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "beki datta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "べきじゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "beki ja nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "べきです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "beki desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "べきではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "beki de wa arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "べきでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "beki deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "べきではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "beki de wa arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "べく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "べくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "beku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "bekute",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "べきだったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "beki dattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "べければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bekereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "べきだろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "べきでしょう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "beki darō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "beki deshō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "べく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "beku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "べく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "べから",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "beku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "bekara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "べく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "べかり",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "beku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "bekari",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "べし",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "besi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "べき",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "べかる",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "beki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "bekaru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "べけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "bekere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "べかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "bekare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "べからず",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "bekarazu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "べけれど",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "bekeredo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "べければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "bekereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "べくば",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "bekuba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "べかりき",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bekariki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "べかりけり",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bekarikeri",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "べく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "beku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "べし • (-beshi)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": "べく",
"attributive": "べき\nべかる",
"conditional": "べき だったら",
"conjunctive": "べく\nべくて",
"continuative": "べく",
"degree": "—",
"formal": "べき です",
"formal_negative": "べき で は ありません",
"formal_negative_past": "べき で は ありません でした",
"formal_past": "べき でした",
"hypothetical": "べけれ",
"imperative": "—",
"imperfective": "べから",
"informal_negative": "べき じゃ ない",
"informal_negative_past": "べき じゃ なかった",
"informal_past": "べき だった",
"kana": "",
"lemma": "",
"provisional": "べければ",
"terminal": "べし",
"volitional": "べき だろう\nべき でしょう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "べ",
"2": "adj-ku"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "まじ"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
46,
50
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
20
]
],
"english": "Some of the local railways will soon be abolished.",
"roman": "Chihō rosen no ikutsuka wa yagate haishisarerubeki unmei ni aru.",
"ruby": [
[
"地",
"ち"
],
[
"方",
"ほう"
],
[
"路",
"ろ"
],
[
"線",
"せん"
],
[
"廃",
"はい"
],
[
"止",
"し"
],
[
"運",
"うん"
],
[
"命",
"めい"
]
],
"text": "地方路線のいくつかはやがて廃止されるべき運命にある。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"must, shall",
"indicating certainty"
],
"id": "en-べし-ja-suffix--D7zk09O",
"links": [
[
"must",
"must"
],
[
"shall",
"shall"
]
],
"qualifier": "attaching to terminal form",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attaching to terminal form) must, shall",
"indicating certainty"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "まじ"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
4,
10
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
44,
48
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
17
]
],
"english": "You should take responsibility on this.",
"roman": "Kono ken ni tsuite wa kimi ga sekinin o torubeki da.",
"ruby": [
[
"件",
"けん"
],
[
"君",
"きみ"
],
[
"責",
"せき"
],
[
"任",
"にん"
]
],
"text": "この件については君が責任をとるべきだ。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
4,
10
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
36,
41
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
13
]
],
"english": "You should work until eight o'clock tomorrow.",
"roman": "Ashita wa hachiji made ni shukkin-subeshi.",
"ruby": [
[
"明日",
"あした"
],
[
"八",
"はち"
],
[
"時",
"じ"
],
[
"出",
"しゅっ"
],
[
"勤",
"きん"
]
],
"text": "明日は八時までに出勤すべし。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
4,
10
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
27,
31
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
12
]
],
"english": "You should read English aloud.",
"roman": "Eigo wa koe o dashite yomu beki da.",
"ruby": [
[
"英",
"えい"
],
[
"語",
"ご"
],
[
"声",
"こえ"
],
[
"出",
"だ"
],
[
"読",
"よ"
]
],
"text": "英語は声を出して読むべきだ。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
11
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
45,
49
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
17
]
],
"english": "In order to hold the exhibition in time next year, hasty construction is underway.",
"roman": "Rainen no hakurankai kaisai ni ma ni awaseru beku, tokkan kōji ga okonawareteiru.",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"年",
"ねん"
],
[
"博",
"はく"
],
[
"覧",
"らん"
],
[
"会",
"かい"
],
[
"開",
"かい"
],
[
"催",
"さい"
],
[
"間",
"ま"
],
[
"合",
"あ"
],
[
"突",
"とっ"
],
[
"貫",
"かん"
],
[
"工",
"こう"
],
[
"事",
"じ"
],
[
"行",
"おこな"
]
],
"text": "来年の博覧会開催に間に合わせるべく、突貫工事が行われている。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"must, shall",
"indicating requirement"
],
"id": "en-べし-ja-suffix-L2nKIX48",
"links": [
[
"must",
"must"
],
[
"shall",
"shall"
]
],
"qualifier": "attaching to terminal form",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attaching to terminal form) must, shall",
"indicating requirement"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[be̞ɕi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kojiki",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten"
],
"word": "べし"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-beshi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-adj-infl\n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "べから",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "bekara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "べく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "beku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "べし",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "beshi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "べき",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "べかる",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "beki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "bekaru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "べけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "bekere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "べきじゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "beki ja nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "べきだった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "beki datta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "べきじゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "beki ja nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "べきです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "beki desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "べきではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "beki de wa arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "べきでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "beki deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "べきではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "beki de wa arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "べく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "べくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "beku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "bekute",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "べきだったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "beki dattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "べければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bekereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "べきだろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "べきでしょう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "beki darō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "beki deshō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "べく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "beku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "べく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "べから",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "beku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "bekara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "べく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "べかり",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "beku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "bekari",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "べし",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "besi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "べき",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "べかる",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "beki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "bekaru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "べけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "bekere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "べかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "bekare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "べからず",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "bekarazu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "べけれど",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "bekeredo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "べければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "bekereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "べくば",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "bekuba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "べかりき",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bekariki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "べかりけり",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bekarikeri",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "べく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "beku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "べし • (-beshi)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": "べく",
"attributive": "べき\nべかる",
"conditional": "べき だったら",
"conjunctive": "べく\nべくて",
"continuative": "べく",
"degree": "—",
"formal": "べき です",
"formal_negative": "べき で は ありません",
"formal_negative_past": "べき で は ありません でした",
"formal_past": "べき でした",
"hypothetical": "べけれ",
"imperative": "—",
"imperfective": "べから",
"informal_negative": "べき じゃ ない",
"informal_negative_past": "べき じゃ なかった",
"informal_past": "べき だった",
"kana": "",
"lemma": "",
"provisional": "べければ",
"terminal": "べし",
"volitional": "べき だろう\nべき でしょう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "べ",
"2": "adj-ku"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "まじ"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
46,
50
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
20
]
],
"english": "Some of the local railways will soon be abolished.",
"roman": "Chihō rosen no ikutsuka wa yagate haishisarerubeki unmei ni aru.",
"ruby": [
[
"地",
"ち"
],
[
"方",
"ほう"
],
[
"路",
"ろ"
],
[
"線",
"せん"
],
[
"廃",
"はい"
],
[
"止",
"し"
],
[
"運",
"うん"
],
[
"命",
"めい"
]
],
"text": "地方路線のいくつかはやがて廃止されるべき運命にある。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"must, shall",
"indicating certainty"
],
"links": [
[
"must",
"must"
],
[
"shall",
"shall"
]
],
"qualifier": "attaching to terminal form",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attaching to terminal form) must, shall",
"indicating certainty"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "まじ"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
4,
10
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
44,
48
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
17
]
],
"english": "You should take responsibility on this.",
"roman": "Kono ken ni tsuite wa kimi ga sekinin o torubeki da.",
"ruby": [
[
"件",
"けん"
],
[
"君",
"きみ"
],
[
"責",
"せき"
],
[
"任",
"にん"
]
],
"text": "この件については君が責任をとるべきだ。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
4,
10
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
36,
41
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
13
]
],
"english": "You should work until eight o'clock tomorrow.",
"roman": "Ashita wa hachiji made ni shukkin-subeshi.",
"ruby": [
[
"明日",
"あした"
],
[
"八",
"はち"
],
[
"時",
"じ"
],
[
"出",
"しゅっ"
],
[
"勤",
"きん"
]
],
"text": "明日は八時までに出勤すべし。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
4,
10
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
27,
31
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
12
]
],
"english": "You should read English aloud.",
"roman": "Eigo wa koe o dashite yomu beki da.",
"ruby": [
[
"英",
"えい"
],
[
"語",
"ご"
],
[
"声",
"こえ"
],
[
"出",
"だ"
],
[
"読",
"よ"
]
],
"text": "英語は声を出して読むべきだ。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
11
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
45,
49
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
17
]
],
"english": "In order to hold the exhibition in time next year, hasty construction is underway.",
"roman": "Rainen no hakurankai kaisai ni ma ni awaseru beku, tokkan kōji ga okonawareteiru.",
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"らい"
],
[
"年",
"ねん"
],
[
"博",
"はく"
],
[
"覧",
"らん"
],
[
"会",
"かい"
],
[
"開",
"かい"
],
[
"催",
"さい"
],
[
"間",
"ま"
],
[
"合",
"あ"
],
[
"突",
"とっ"
],
[
"貫",
"かん"
],
[
"工",
"こう"
],
[
"事",
"じ"
],
[
"行",
"おこな"
]
],
"text": "来年の博覧会開催に間に合わせるべく、突貫工事が行われている。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"must, shall",
"indicating requirement"
],
"links": [
[
"must",
"must"
],
[
"shall",
"shall"
]
],
"qualifier": "attaching to terminal form",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attaching to terminal form) must, shall",
"indicating requirement"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[be̞ɕi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kojiki",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten"
],
"word": "べし"
}
Download raw JSONL data for べし meaning in Japanese (10.7kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"べし"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "べし",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2530",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: ^([1])Without auxiliary verb. ^([2])With auxiliary verb., style: text-align:left;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"べし"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "べし",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (3dadd05 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.