See tosach in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "(facing) forward(s)",
"word": "chun tosaigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "in the beginning, in the front",
"word": "i dtosach"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "from the beginning; at the beginning",
"word": "ó thosach"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "forward, striker (in football)",
"word": "tosaí"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "very beginning; forefront, van",
"word": "urthosach"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wedʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "sga",
"3": "tosach",
"t": "beginning"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish tosach (“beginning”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*towissākos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *towissākos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wedʰ-",
"t": "lead"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wedʰ- (“lead”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "toiseach"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic toiseach",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish tosach (“beginning”), from Proto-Celtic *towissākos, from either Proto-Indo-European *wedʰ- (“lead”) or *weyd- (“know, see”). Akin to taoiseach. Compare Scottish Gaelic toiseach/tòisich.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tosaigh",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tosaigh",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "tosach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tosaigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vocative",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "a thosaigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "a thosacha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "tosaigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tosach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "an tosach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na tosaigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "an tosaigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na dtosach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "leis an tosach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "don tosach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leis na tosaigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tosach",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "thosach",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "dtosach",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"10": "",
"11": "nominative plural",
"12": "tosaigh",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "genitive singular",
"4": "tosaigh",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f1request": "1",
"f4request": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "tosach m (genitive singular tosaigh, nominative plural tosaigh)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "tosaigh",
"3": "tosaigh"
},
"expansion": "tosach m (genitive singular tosaigh, nominative plural tosaigh)",
"name": "ga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ga-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 45 5 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 34 12 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 35 12 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Sleep is the first sign of recovery.",
"text": "Tosach sláinte codladh. (proverb)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beginning, commencement"
],
"id": "en-tosach-ga-noun-V2C2Z-aH",
"links": [
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
],
[
"commencement",
"commencement"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tús"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 45 5 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 34 12 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 35 12 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"front, front end"
],
"id": "en-tosach-ga-noun-loU2T4Ts",
"links": [
[
"front",
"front"
],
[
"front end",
"front end"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ga",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "ga:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "42 34 12 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 35 12 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bow (of a boat)"
],
"id": "en-tosach-ga-noun-ekRvYMC8",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"bow",
"bow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) bow (of a boat)"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"face (of a building etc.)"
],
"id": "en-tosach-ga-noun-I3RYtnZ7",
"links": [
[
"face",
"face"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "éadan"
},
{
"word": "aghaidh"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the lead (in a race etc.)"
],
"id": "en-tosach-ga-noun--EUbWDRY",
"links": [
[
"lead",
"lead"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t̪ˠəˈsˠɑx/",
"tags": [
"Munster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt̪ˠɔsˠəx/",
"tags": [
"Connacht"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt̪ˠʌsˠa(h)/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
}
],
"word": "tosach"
}
{
"categories": [
"Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Irish first-declension nouns",
"Irish lemmas",
"Irish masculine nouns",
"Irish nouns",
"Irish terms derived from Old Irish",
"Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wedʰ-",
"Irish terms inherited from Old Irish",
"Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "(facing) forward(s)",
"word": "chun tosaigh"
},
{
"english": "in the beginning, in the front",
"word": "i dtosach"
},
{
"english": "from the beginning; at the beginning",
"word": "ó thosach"
},
{
"english": "forward, striker (in football)",
"word": "tosaí"
},
{
"english": "very beginning; forefront, van",
"word": "urthosach"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wedʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "sga",
"3": "tosach",
"t": "beginning"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish tosach (“beginning”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*towissākos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *towissākos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wedʰ-",
"t": "lead"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wedʰ- (“lead”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "toiseach"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic toiseach",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish tosach (“beginning”), from Proto-Celtic *towissākos, from either Proto-Indo-European *wedʰ- (“lead”) or *weyd- (“know, see”). Akin to taoiseach. Compare Scottish Gaelic toiseach/tòisich.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tosaigh",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tosaigh",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "tosach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tosaigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vocative",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "a thosaigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "a thosacha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "tosaigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tosach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "an tosach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na tosaigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "an tosaigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na dtosach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "leis an tosach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "don tosach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leis na tosaigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tosach",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "thosach",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "dtosach",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"10": "",
"11": "nominative plural",
"12": "tosaigh",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "genitive singular",
"4": "tosaigh",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f1request": "1",
"f4request": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "tosach m (genitive singular tosaigh, nominative plural tosaigh)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "tosaigh",
"3": "tosaigh"
},
"expansion": "tosach m (genitive singular tosaigh, nominative plural tosaigh)",
"name": "ga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ga-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Irish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Sleep is the first sign of recovery.",
"text": "Tosach sláinte codladh. (proverb)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beginning, commencement"
],
"links": [
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
],
[
"commencement",
"commencement"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tús"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"front, front end"
],
"links": [
[
"front",
"front"
],
[
"front end",
"front end"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"ga:Nautical"
],
"glosses": [
"bow (of a boat)"
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"bow",
"bow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) bow (of a boat)"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"face (of a building etc.)"
],
"links": [
[
"face",
"face"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "éadan"
},
{
"word": "aghaidh"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the lead (in a race etc.)"
],
"links": [
[
"lead",
"lead"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t̪ˠəˈsˠɑx/",
"tags": [
"Munster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt̪ˠɔsˠəx/",
"tags": [
"Connacht"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt̪ˠʌsˠa(h)/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
}
],
"word": "tosach"
}
Download raw JSONL data for tosach meaning in Irish (5.6kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/2457",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: nominative",
"path": [
"tosach"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "tosach",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2457",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: vocative",
"path": [
"tosach"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "tosach",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2457",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: genitive",
"path": [
"tosach"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "tosach",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2457",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: dative",
"path": [
"tosach"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "tosach",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2457",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: nominative",
"path": [
"tosach"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "tosach",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2457",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: genitive",
"path": [
"tosach"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "tosach",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2457",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: dative",
"path": [
"tosach"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "tosach",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: tosach/Irish 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"tosach"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "tosach",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'lenition'",
"path": [
"tosach"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "tosach",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'eclipsis'",
"path": [
"tosach"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "tosach",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (ee63ee9 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.