See tosach in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "forequarter",
"translation": "forequarter",
"word": "ceathrú tosaigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "(facing) forward(s)",
"translation": "(facing) forward(s)",
"word": "chun tosaigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "in the beginning, in the front",
"translation": "in the beginning, in the front",
"word": "i dtosach"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "from the beginning; at the beginning",
"translation": "from the beginning; at the beginning",
"word": "ó thosach"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "forward, striker (in football)",
"translation": "forward, striker (in football)",
"word": "tosaí"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "to begin, start",
"translation": "to begin, start",
"word": "tosaigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "very beginning; forefront, van",
"translation": "very beginning; forefront, van",
"word": "urthosach"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wedʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "sga",
"3": "tosach",
"t": "beginning"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish tosach (“beginning”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*towissākos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *towissākos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wedʰ-",
"t": "lead"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wedʰ- (“lead”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "toiseach"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic toiseach",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish tosach (“beginning”), from Proto-Celtic *towissākos, from either Proto-Indo-European *wedʰ- (“lead”) or *weyd- (“know, see”). Akin to taoiseach. Compare Scottish Gaelic toiseach/tòisich.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tosaigh",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tosaigh",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tosach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tosaigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "a thosaigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "a thosacha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tosaigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tosach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tosach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tosaigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "an tosach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na tosaigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "an tosaigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na dtosach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "leis an tosach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "don tosach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leis na tosaigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tosach",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "thosach",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "dtosach",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "toiseach",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"10": "",
"11": "nominative plural",
"12": "tosaigh",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "genitive singular",
"4": "tosaigh",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"altform": "",
"cat2": "",
"f1request": "1",
"f4request": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "tosach m (genitive singular tosaigh, nominative plural tosaigh)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "tosaigh",
"3": "tosaigh"
},
"expansion": "tosach m (genitive singular tosaigh, nominative plural tosaigh)",
"name": "ga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ga-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 30 18 13 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish nouns suffixed with -ach",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 24 20 15 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 23 20 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"english": "Sleep is the first sign of recovery.",
"raw_tags": [
"proverb"
],
"text": "Tosach sláinte codladh.",
"translation": "Sleep is the first sign of recovery.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beginning, commencement"
],
"id": "en-tosach-ga-noun-V2C2Z-aH",
"links": [
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
],
[
"commencement",
"commencement"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tús"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 65 6 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 30 18 13 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish nouns suffixed with -ach",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 24 20 15 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 23 20 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"front, front end"
],
"id": "en-tosach-ga-noun-loU2T4Ts",
"links": [
[
"front",
"front"
],
[
"front end",
"front end"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ga",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "ga:Nautical",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "26 30 18 13 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish nouns suffixed with -ach",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 24 20 15 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 23 20 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bow (of a boat)"
],
"id": "en-tosach-ga-noun-ekRvYMC8",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"bow",
"bow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) bow (of a boat)"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 30 18 13 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish nouns suffixed with -ach",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 24 20 15 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 23 20 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"face (of a building etc.)"
],
"id": "en-tosach-ga-noun-I3RYtnZ7",
"links": [
[
"face",
"face"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "éadan"
},
{
"word": "aghaidh"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 30 18 13 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish nouns suffixed with -ach",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 24 20 15 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 23 20 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the lead (in a race etc.)"
],
"id": "en-tosach-ga-noun--EUbWDRY",
"links": [
[
"lead",
"lead"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t̪ˠəˈsˠɑx/",
"tags": [
"Munster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt̪ˠosˠəx/",
"tags": [
"Connacht"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt̪ˠɞsˠəx/",
"tags": [
"Connacht"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt̪ˠesˠəx/",
"tags": [
"Connacht"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt̪ˠɔsˠa(x)/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
}
],
"word": "tosach"
}
{
"categories": [
"Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Irish first-declension nouns",
"Irish lemmas",
"Irish masculine nouns",
"Irish nouns",
"Irish nouns suffixed with -ach",
"Irish terms derived from Old Irish",
"Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wedʰ-",
"Irish terms inherited from Old Irish",
"Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "forequarter",
"translation": "forequarter",
"word": "ceathrú tosaigh"
},
{
"english": "(facing) forward(s)",
"translation": "(facing) forward(s)",
"word": "chun tosaigh"
},
{
"english": "in the beginning, in the front",
"translation": "in the beginning, in the front",
"word": "i dtosach"
},
{
"english": "from the beginning; at the beginning",
"translation": "from the beginning; at the beginning",
"word": "ó thosach"
},
{
"english": "forward, striker (in football)",
"translation": "forward, striker (in football)",
"word": "tosaí"
},
{
"english": "to begin, start",
"translation": "to begin, start",
"word": "tosaigh"
},
{
"english": "very beginning; forefront, van",
"translation": "very beginning; forefront, van",
"word": "urthosach"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wedʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "sga",
"3": "tosach",
"t": "beginning"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish tosach (“beginning”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*towissākos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *towissākos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wedʰ-",
"t": "lead"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wedʰ- (“lead”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "toiseach"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic toiseach",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish tosach (“beginning”), from Proto-Celtic *towissākos, from either Proto-Indo-European *wedʰ- (“lead”) or *weyd- (“know, see”). Akin to taoiseach. Compare Scottish Gaelic toiseach/tòisich.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tosaigh",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tosaigh",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tosach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tosaigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "a thosaigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "a thosacha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tosaigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tosach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tosach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tosaigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "an tosach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na tosaigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "an tosaigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na dtosach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "leis an tosach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "don tosach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leis na tosaigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tosach",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "thosach",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "dtosach",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "toiseach",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"10": "",
"11": "nominative plural",
"12": "tosaigh",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "genitive singular",
"4": "tosaigh",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"altform": "",
"cat2": "",
"f1request": "1",
"f4request": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "tosach m (genitive singular tosaigh, nominative plural tosaigh)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "tosaigh",
"3": "tosaigh"
},
"expansion": "tosach m (genitive singular tosaigh, nominative plural tosaigh)",
"name": "ga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ga-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Irish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"english": "Sleep is the first sign of recovery.",
"raw_tags": [
"proverb"
],
"text": "Tosach sláinte codladh.",
"translation": "Sleep is the first sign of recovery.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beginning, commencement"
],
"links": [
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
],
[
"commencement",
"commencement"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tús"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"front, front end"
],
"links": [
[
"front",
"front"
],
[
"front end",
"front end"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"ga:Nautical"
],
"glosses": [
"bow (of a boat)"
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"bow",
"bow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) bow (of a boat)"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"face (of a building etc.)"
],
"links": [
[
"face",
"face"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "éadan"
},
{
"word": "aghaidh"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the lead (in a race etc.)"
],
"links": [
[
"lead",
"lead"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t̪ˠəˈsˠɑx/",
"tags": [
"Munster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt̪ˠosˠəx/",
"tags": [
"Connacht"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt̪ˠɞsˠəx/",
"tags": [
"Connacht"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt̪ˠesˠəx/",
"tags": [
"Connacht"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt̪ˠɔsˠa(x)/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
}
],
"word": "tosach"
}
Download raw JSONL data for tosach meaning in Irish (6.1kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: tosach/Irish 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"tosach"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "tosach",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'lenition'",
"path": [
"tosach"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "tosach",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'eclipsis'",
"path": [
"tosach"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "tosach",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (ddb1505 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.