See roimh in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"rïam",
"riam#Old_Irish"
],
[
"ré",
"ré#Old_Irish"
],
[
"*ɸrīs",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ɸrīs"
],
[
"ris",
"ris#Gaulish"
],
[
"*per-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/per-"
],
[
"first",
"first#English"
],
[
"prīscus",
"priscus#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "sga",
"3": "rïam"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish rïam",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "sga",
"3": "ré"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish ré",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*ɸrīs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸrīs",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "ris"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish ris",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *per-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "first"
},
"expansion": "English first",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prīscus",
"t": "former"
},
"expansion": "Latin prīscus (“former”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish rïam, the third-person singular masculine form of Old Irish ré, from Proto-Celtic *ɸrīs (compare Gaulish ris), from Proto-Indo-European *per-. Cognate with English first and Latin prīscus (“former”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "romham",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "romhamsa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "romhat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "romhatsa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "roimhe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "roimhesean",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "roimpi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "roimpise",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "romhainn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "romhainne",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "romhaibh",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "romhaibhse",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rompu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rompusan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"2": "preposition",
"3": "plus dative",
"4": "",
"5": "triggers lenition",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "prepositions governing the dative",
"head": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "roimh (plus dative, triggers lenition)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "d",
"2": "l"
},
"expansion": "roimh (plus dative, triggers lenition)",
"name": "ga-prep"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish prepositions governing the dative",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "roimh ré"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
21
]
],
"english": "the person that was before you",
"text": "an duine a bhí romhat",
"translation": "the person that was before you",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "before six o’clock",
"text": "roimh a sé a chlog",
"translation": "before six o’clock",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"before"
],
"id": "en-roimh-ga-prep-bbfYA-dP",
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
]
],
"tags": [
"triggers-lenition",
"with-dative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɾˠivʲ/"
}
],
"word": "roimh"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "roimh ré"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"rïam",
"riam#Old_Irish"
],
[
"ré",
"ré#Old_Irish"
],
[
"*ɸrīs",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ɸrīs"
],
[
"ris",
"ris#Gaulish"
],
[
"*per-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/per-"
],
[
"first",
"first#English"
],
[
"prīscus",
"priscus#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "sga",
"3": "rïam"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish rïam",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "sga",
"3": "ré"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish ré",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*ɸrīs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸrīs",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "ris"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish ris",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *per-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "first"
},
"expansion": "English first",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prīscus",
"t": "former"
},
"expansion": "Latin prīscus (“former”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish rïam, the third-person singular masculine form of Old Irish ré, from Proto-Celtic *ɸrīs (compare Gaulish ris), from Proto-Indo-European *per-. Cognate with English first and Latin prīscus (“former”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "romham",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "romhamsa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "romhat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "romhatsa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "roimhe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "roimhesean",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "roimpi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "roimpise",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "romhainn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "romhainne",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "romhaibh",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "romhaibhse",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rompu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rompusan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"2": "preposition",
"3": "plus dative",
"4": "",
"5": "triggers lenition",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "prepositions governing the dative",
"head": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "roimh (plus dative, triggers lenition)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "d",
"2": "l"
},
"expansion": "roimh (plus dative, triggers lenition)",
"name": "ga-prep"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Irish lemmas",
"Irish prepositions",
"Irish prepositions governing the dative",
"Irish terms derived from Old Irish",
"Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Irish terms with usage examples",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
21
]
],
"english": "the person that was before you",
"text": "an duine a bhí romhat",
"translation": "the person that was before you",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "before six o’clock",
"text": "roimh a sé a chlog",
"translation": "before six o’clock",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"before"
],
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
]
],
"tags": [
"triggers-lenition",
"with-dative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɾˠivʲ/"
}
],
"word": "roimh"
}
Download raw JSONL data for roimh meaning in Irish (4.0kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Person:'",
"path": [
"roimh"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "roimh",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.