"vahti" meaning in Ingrian

See vahti in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈʋɑhti/ [Ala-Laukaa], [ˈʋɑhtʲ] [Ala-Laukaa], /ˈʋɑhti/ [Soikkola], [ˈʋɑhti] [Soikkola]
Rhymes: -ɑhtʲ, -ɑhti Etymology: Borrowed from Finnish vahti, borrowed from Swedish vakt. Etymology templates: {{dercat|izh|gml|osx|gmw-pro|gem-pro|ine-pro}}, {{bor|izh|fi|vahti}} Finnish vahti, {{der|izh|sv|vakt}} Swedish vakt Head templates: {{head|izh|noun}} vahti Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], vahti [nominative, singular], vahit [nominative, plural], vahin [genitive, singular], vahtiin [genitive, plural], vahtiloin [genitive, plural], vahtia [partitive, singular], vahtija [partitive, plural], vahtiloja [partitive, plural], vahtii [illative, singular], vahtii [illative, plural], vahtiloihe [illative, plural], vahis [inessive, singular], vahtiis [inessive, plural], vahtilois [inessive, plural], vahist [elative, singular], vahtiist [elative, plural], vahtiloist [elative, plural], vahille [allative, singular], vahtiille [allative, plural], vahtiloille [allative, plural], vahil [adessive, singular], vahtiil [adessive, plural], vahtiloil [adessive, plural], vahilt [ablative, singular], vahtiilt [ablative, plural], vahtiloilt [ablative, plural], vahiks [singular, translative], vahtiiks [plural, translative], vahtiloiks [plural, translative], vahtinna [essive, singular], vahtiin [essive, singular], vahtiinna [essive, plural], vahtiloinna [essive, plural], vahtiin [essive, plural], vahtiloin [essive, plural], vahtint [exessive, singular], vahtiint [exessive, plural], vahtiloint [exessive, plural]
  1. guard, watch
    Sense id: en-vahti-izh-noun-CWB2zC7w
  2. guardian, guardsman
    Sense id: en-vahti-izh-noun-~8-birwU
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: storoža Derived forms: kirkonvahti, koinvahti, kylänvahti, metsävahti, vahtia, vahtihoone, variksiinvahti, öövahti
Etymology number: 1

Verb

IPA: /ˈʋɑhti/ [Ala-Laukaa], [ˈʋɑhtʲ] [Ala-Laukaa], /ˈʋɑhti/ [Soikkola], [ˈʋɑhti] [Soikkola]
Rhymes: -ɑhtʲ, -ɑhti Etymology: See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Etymology templates: {{nonlemma}} See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Head templates: {{head|izh|verb form}} vahti
  1. third-person singular past indicative of vahtia Tags: form-of, indicative, past, singular, third-person Form of: vahtia
    Sense id: en-vahti-izh-verb-ztqFQhNy Categories (other): Ingrian entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Ingrian entries with incorrect language header: 5 28 66
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for vahti meaning in Ingrian (5.8kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "kirkonvahti"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "koinvahti"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "kylänvahti"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "metsävahti"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "vahtia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "vahtihoone"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "variksiinvahti"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "öövahti"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "izh",
        "2": "gml",
        "3": "osx",
        "4": "gmw-pro",
        "5": "gem-pro",
        "6": "ine-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "izh",
        "2": "fi",
        "3": "vahti"
      },
      "expansion": "Finnish vahti",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "izh",
        "2": "sv",
        "3": "vakt"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish vakt",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Finnish vahti, borrowed from Swedish vakt.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "izh-decl/vahti",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "t- gradation",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "5/vahti",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahti",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahit",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtiin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtiloin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtia",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtija",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtiloja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtii",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtii",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtiloihe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahis",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtiis",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtilois",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahist",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtiist",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtiloist",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahille",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtiille",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtiloille",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahil",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtiil",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtiloil",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahilt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtiilt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtiloilt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahiks",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtiiks",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtiloiks",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtinna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtiin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtiinna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtiloinna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtiin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtiloin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtint",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "exessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtiint",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "exessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtiloint",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "exessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "izh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "vahti",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "vah‧ti"
  ],
  "lang": "Ingrian",
  "lang_code": "izh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "guard, watch"
      ],
      "id": "en-vahti-izh-noun-CWB2zC7w",
      "links": [
        [
          "guard",
          "guard"
        ],
        [
          "watch",
          "watch"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "guardian, guardsman"
      ],
      "id": "en-vahti-izh-noun-~8-birwU",
      "links": [
        [
          "guardian",
          "guardian"
        ],
        [
          "guardsman",
          "guardsman"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʋɑhti/",
      "tags": [
        "Ala-Laukaa"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈʋɑhtʲ]",
      "tags": [
        "Ala-Laukaa"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʋɑhti/",
      "tags": [
        "Soikkola"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈʋɑhti]",
      "tags": [
        "Soikkola"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑhtʲ"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑhti"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "storoža"
    }
  ],
  "word": "vahti"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
      "name": "nonlemma"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "izh",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "vahti",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "vah‧ti"
  ],
  "lang": "Ingrian",
  "lang_code": "izh",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "5 28 66",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "vahtia"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "third-person singular past indicative of vahtia"
      ],
      "id": "en-vahti-izh-verb-ztqFQhNy",
      "links": [
        [
          "vahtia",
          "vahtia#Ingrian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʋɑhti/",
      "tags": [
        "Ala-Laukaa"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈʋɑhtʲ]",
      "tags": [
        "Ala-Laukaa"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʋɑhti/",
      "tags": [
        "Soikkola"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈʋɑhti]",
      "tags": [
        "Soikkola"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑhtʲ"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑhti"
    }
  ],
  "word": "vahti"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Ingrian lemmas",
    "Ingrian non-lemma forms",
    "Ingrian nouns",
    "Ingrian terms borrowed from Finnish",
    "Ingrian terms derived from Finnish",
    "Ingrian terms derived from Middle Low German",
    "Ingrian terms derived from Old Saxon",
    "Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Ingrian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Ingrian terms derived from Swedish",
    "Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Ingrian verb forms",
    "Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑhti",
    "Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑhti/2 syllables",
    "Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑhtʲ",
    "Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑhtʲ/2 syllables"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "kirkonvahti"
    },
    {
      "word": "koinvahti"
    },
    {
      "word": "kylänvahti"
    },
    {
      "word": "metsävahti"
    },
    {
      "word": "vahtia"
    },
    {
      "word": "vahtihoone"
    },
    {
      "word": "variksiinvahti"
    },
    {
      "word": "öövahti"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "izh",
        "2": "gml",
        "3": "osx",
        "4": "gmw-pro",
        "5": "gem-pro",
        "6": "ine-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "izh",
        "2": "fi",
        "3": "vahti"
      },
      "expansion": "Finnish vahti",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "izh",
        "2": "sv",
        "3": "vakt"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish vakt",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Finnish vahti, borrowed from Swedish vakt.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "izh-decl/vahti",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "t- gradation",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "5/vahti",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahti",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahit",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtiin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtiloin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtia",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtija",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtiloja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtii",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtii",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtiloihe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahis",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtiis",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtilois",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahist",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtiist",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtiloist",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahille",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtiille",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtiloille",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahil",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtiil",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtiloil",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahilt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtiilt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtiloilt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahiks",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtiiks",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtiloiks",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtinna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtiin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtiinna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtiloinna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtiin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtiloin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtint",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "exessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtiint",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "exessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vahtiloint",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "exessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "izh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "vahti",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "vah‧ti"
  ],
  "lang": "Ingrian",
  "lang_code": "izh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "guard, watch"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "guard",
          "guard"
        ],
        [
          "watch",
          "watch"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "guardian, guardsman"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "guardian",
          "guardian"
        ],
        [
          "guardsman",
          "guardsman"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʋɑhti/",
      "tags": [
        "Ala-Laukaa"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈʋɑhtʲ]",
      "tags": [
        "Ala-Laukaa"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʋɑhti/",
      "tags": [
        "Soikkola"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈʋɑhti]",
      "tags": [
        "Soikkola"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑhtʲ"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑhti"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "storoža"
    }
  ],
  "word": "vahti"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Ingrian non-lemma forms",
    "Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Ingrian verb forms",
    "Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑhti",
    "Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑhti/2 syllables",
    "Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑhtʲ",
    "Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑhtʲ/2 syllables"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
      "name": "nonlemma"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "izh",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "vahti",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "vah‧ti"
  ],
  "lang": "Ingrian",
  "lang_code": "izh",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "vahtia"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "third-person singular past indicative of vahtia"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "vahtia",
          "vahtia#Ingrian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʋɑhti/",
      "tags": [
        "Ala-Laukaa"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈʋɑhtʲ]",
      "tags": [
        "Ala-Laukaa"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʋɑhti/",
      "tags": [
        "Soikkola"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈʋɑhti]",
      "tags": [
        "Soikkola"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑhtʲ"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑhti"
    }
  ],
  "word": "vahti"
}

{
  "called_from": "linkages/371",
  "msg": "unrecognized linkage prefix: (guardsman): storoža desc=guardsman rest=storoža cls=romanization cls2=romanization e1=True e2=True",
  "path": [
    "vahti"
  ],
  "section": "Ingrian",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "vahti",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ingrian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.