"puu" meaning in Ingrian

See puu in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈpuː/ [Ala-Laukaa], [ˈpuː] [Ala-Laukaa], /ˈpuː/ [Soikkola], [ˈpuː] [Soikkola]
Rhymes: -uː Etymology: From Proto-Finnic *puu. Cognates include Finnish puu and Estonian puu. Etymology templates: {{dercat|izh|urj-pro|inh=1}}, {{inh|izh|urj-fin-pro|*puu}} Proto-Finnic *puu, {{cog|fi|puu}} Finnish puu, {{cog|et|puu}} Estonian puu Head templates: {{head|izh|noun}} puu Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], puu [nominative, singular], puut [nominative, plural], puun [genitive, singular], puijen [genitive, plural], puuta [partitive, singular], puita [partitive, plural], puuhu [illative, singular], puihe [illative, plural], puus [inessive, plural], puis [inessive], puust [elative, plural], puist [elative], puulle [allative, plural], puille [allative], puul [adessive, plural], puil [adessive], puult [ablative, plural], puilt [ablative], puuks [plural, translative], puiks [translative], puunna [essive, plural], puun [essive, plural], puinna [essive], puin [essive], puunt [exessive, plural], puint [exessive]
  1. tree
    Sense id: en-puu-izh-noun-3Jxe24st
  2. wood (material)
    Sense id: en-puu-izh-noun-bcjqB8ko
  3. (in the plural) short for ruumeenpuut (“coffin”) Tags: abbreviation, alt-of, in-plural Alternative form of: ruumeenpuut (extra: coffin)
    Sense id: en-puu-izh-noun-EvKpXDoY Categories (other): Ingrian entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Ingrian entries with incorrect language header: 3 3 94
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated

Inflected forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "emäpuu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "gruušapuu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "kangaspuut"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "koiranmarjapuu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "koivupuu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "kotipuu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "metsänpuu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "metsäomenapuu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "napapuu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "ojapuu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "omenapuu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "orjamarjapuu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "ounapuu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "painopuu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "pajupuu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "perttipuu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "petäjäpuu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "poikinpuu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "puikko"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "puin"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "punapuu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "puuastava"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "puuhanko"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "puujalka"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "puukanki"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "puukas"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "puukko"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "puulahantka"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "puulapja"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "puulusikka"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "puumalja"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "puunaagla"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "puuomena"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "puuraenta"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "puuriissat"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "puusammal"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "puusilta"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "puutoukka"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "puutulppa"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "puuuhlu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "puuvilla"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "puuvoi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "pärepuu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "päähkänäpuu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "ruumeenpuut"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "sliivipuu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "sylipuu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "taikapuu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "tammipuu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "toomimarjapuu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "toomipuu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "veräjäpuu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "vyyhtipuu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "väkkäräpuu"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "izh",
        "2": "urj-pro",
        "inh": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "izh",
        "2": "urj-fin-pro",
        "3": "*puu"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Finnic *puu",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "puu"
      },
      "expansion": "Finnish puu",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "et",
        "2": "puu"
      },
      "expansion": "Estonian puu",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *puu. Cognates include Finnish puu and Estonian puu.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "izh-decl/maa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no gradation",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "8/maa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puut",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puijen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puuta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puita",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puuhu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puihe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puis",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puust",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puist",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "elative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puulle",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puille",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "allative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puul",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puil",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puult",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puilt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puuks",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puiks",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puunna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puinna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puunt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "exessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puint",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "exessive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "izh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "puu",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "puu"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "puu"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ingrian",
  "lang_code": "izh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              13,
              18
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              31,
              36
            ]
          ],
          "english": "It's necessary to get a lot of trees.",
          "ref": "1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 60:",
          "text": "Pittää paljo puita saavva.",
          "translation": "It's necessary to get a lot of trees.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "tree"
      ],
      "id": "en-puu-izh-noun-3Jxe24st",
      "links": [
        [
          "tree",
          "tree"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "wood (material)"
      ],
      "id": "en-puu-izh-noun-bcjqB8ko",
      "links": [
        [
          "wood",
          "wood"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "coffin",
          "word": "ruumeenpuut"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "3 3 94",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              11,
              15
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              17,
              27
            ]
          ],
          "english": "What will I make the coffin for my father from? // I will put copper boards on it.",
          "ref": "1916, Volmari Porkka, “1576. [Soikkola]. III443b”, in Väinö Salminen, V. Alava, editor, Suomen Kansan Vanhat Runot. Länsi-Inkerin runot, volume III2, Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, lines 25-26:",
          "text": "Mistä teen puut isoille? // Sille laain vaskilavvat.",
          "translation": "What will I make the coffin for my father from? // I will put copper boards on it.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "short for ruumeenpuut (“coffin”)"
      ],
      "id": "en-puu-izh-noun-EvKpXDoY",
      "links": [
        [
          "ruumeenpuut",
          "ruumeenpuut#Ingrian"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(in the plural) short for ruumeenpuut (“coffin”)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation",
        "alt-of",
        "in-plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpuː/",
      "tags": [
        "Ala-Laukaa"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈpuː]",
      "tags": [
        "Ala-Laukaa"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpuː/",
      "tags": [
        "Soikkola"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈpuː]",
      "tags": [
        "Soikkola"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uː"
    }
  ],
  "word": "puu"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Ingrian lemmas",
    "Ingrian nouns",
    "Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
    "Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
    "Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
    "Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Uralic",
    "Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 10 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:Ingrian/uː",
    "Rhymes:Ingrian/uː/1 syllable"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "emäpuu"
    },
    {
      "word": "gruušapuu"
    },
    {
      "word": "kangaspuut"
    },
    {
      "word": "koiranmarjapuu"
    },
    {
      "word": "koivupuu"
    },
    {
      "word": "kotipuu"
    },
    {
      "word": "metsänpuu"
    },
    {
      "word": "metsäomenapuu"
    },
    {
      "word": "napapuu"
    },
    {
      "word": "ojapuu"
    },
    {
      "word": "omenapuu"
    },
    {
      "word": "orjamarjapuu"
    },
    {
      "word": "ounapuu"
    },
    {
      "word": "painopuu"
    },
    {
      "word": "pajupuu"
    },
    {
      "word": "perttipuu"
    },
    {
      "word": "petäjäpuu"
    },
    {
      "word": "poikinpuu"
    },
    {
      "word": "puikko"
    },
    {
      "word": "puin"
    },
    {
      "word": "punapuu"
    },
    {
      "word": "puuastava"
    },
    {
      "word": "puuhanko"
    },
    {
      "word": "puujalka"
    },
    {
      "word": "puukanki"
    },
    {
      "word": "puukas"
    },
    {
      "word": "puukko"
    },
    {
      "word": "puulahantka"
    },
    {
      "word": "puulapja"
    },
    {
      "word": "puulusikka"
    },
    {
      "word": "puumalja"
    },
    {
      "word": "puunaagla"
    },
    {
      "word": "puuomena"
    },
    {
      "word": "puuraenta"
    },
    {
      "word": "puuriissat"
    },
    {
      "word": "puusammal"
    },
    {
      "word": "puusilta"
    },
    {
      "word": "puutoukka"
    },
    {
      "word": "puutulppa"
    },
    {
      "word": "puuuhlu"
    },
    {
      "word": "puuvilla"
    },
    {
      "word": "puuvoi"
    },
    {
      "word": "pärepuu"
    },
    {
      "word": "päähkänäpuu"
    },
    {
      "word": "ruumeenpuut"
    },
    {
      "word": "sliivipuu"
    },
    {
      "word": "sylipuu"
    },
    {
      "word": "taikapuu"
    },
    {
      "word": "tammipuu"
    },
    {
      "word": "toomimarjapuu"
    },
    {
      "word": "toomipuu"
    },
    {
      "word": "veräjäpuu"
    },
    {
      "word": "vyyhtipuu"
    },
    {
      "word": "väkkäräpuu"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "izh",
        "2": "urj-pro",
        "inh": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "izh",
        "2": "urj-fin-pro",
        "3": "*puu"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Finnic *puu",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "puu"
      },
      "expansion": "Finnish puu",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "et",
        "2": "puu"
      },
      "expansion": "Estonian puu",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *puu. Cognates include Finnish puu and Estonian puu.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "izh-decl/maa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no gradation",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "8/maa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puut",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puijen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puuta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puita",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puuhu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puihe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puis",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puust",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puist",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "elative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puulle",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puille",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "allative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puul",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puil",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puult",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puilt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puuks",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puiks",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puunna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puinna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puunt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "exessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "puint",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "exessive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "izh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "puu",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "puu"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "puu"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ingrian",
  "lang_code": "izh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Ingrian terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              13,
              18
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              31,
              36
            ]
          ],
          "english": "It's necessary to get a lot of trees.",
          "ref": "1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 60:",
          "text": "Pittää paljo puita saavva.",
          "translation": "It's necessary to get a lot of trees.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "tree"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "tree",
          "tree"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "wood (material)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "wood",
          "wood"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "coffin",
          "word": "ruumeenpuut"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Ingrian short forms",
        "Ingrian terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              11,
              15
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              17,
              27
            ]
          ],
          "english": "What will I make the coffin for my father from? // I will put copper boards on it.",
          "ref": "1916, Volmari Porkka, “1576. [Soikkola]. III443b”, in Väinö Salminen, V. Alava, editor, Suomen Kansan Vanhat Runot. Länsi-Inkerin runot, volume III2, Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, lines 25-26:",
          "text": "Mistä teen puut isoille? // Sille laain vaskilavvat.",
          "translation": "What will I make the coffin for my father from? // I will put copper boards on it.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "short for ruumeenpuut (“coffin”)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ruumeenpuut",
          "ruumeenpuut#Ingrian"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(in the plural) short for ruumeenpuut (“coffin”)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation",
        "alt-of",
        "in-plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpuː/",
      "tags": [
        "Ala-Laukaa"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈpuː]",
      "tags": [
        "Ala-Laukaa"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpuː/",
      "tags": [
        "Soikkola"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈpuː]",
      "tags": [
        "Soikkola"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uː"
    }
  ],
  "word": "puu"
}

Download raw JSONL data for puu meaning in Ingrian (6.1kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ingrian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.