See -toin in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-t'oin"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-t'oin",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-ton"
},
"expansion": "Finnish -ton",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "-tu"
},
"expansion": "Estonian -tu",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-t'oin. Akin to Finnish -ton and Estonian -tu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "izh-decl/koitoin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tt-t gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "15/koitoin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-toin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttomat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttoman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttomiin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tointa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-toint",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttomia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttomaa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttomii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttomaas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttomiis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttomast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttomist",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttomalle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttomille",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttomaal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttomiil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttomalt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttomilt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttomaks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttomiks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttomanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttomaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttominna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttomiin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttomant",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"exessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttomint",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"exessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "front vowel variant",
"4": "-töin"
},
"expansion": "-toin (front vowel variant -töin)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-töin"
},
"expansion": "-toin (front vowel variant -töin)",
"name": "izh-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "onni (“happiness”) → onnetoin (“miserable”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-less; Indicates lack of something."
],
"id": "en--toin-izh-suffix-dpIGs~xG",
"links": [
[
"-less",
"-less"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-toi̯n/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-to̞i̯n]",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-toi̯n/",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-to̞i̯n]",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
}
],
"word": "-toin"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-toin",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-ttaa"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular past indicative of -ttaa"
],
"id": "en--toin-izh-suffix-rDRav4rK",
"links": [
[
"-ttaa",
"-ttaa#Ingrian"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"morpheme",
"past",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-toi̯n/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-to̞i̯n]",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-toi̯n/",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-to̞i̯n]",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
}
],
"word": "-toin"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
"Ingrian lemmas",
"Ingrian non-lemma forms",
"Ingrian suffix forms",
"Ingrian suffixes",
"Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
"Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-t'oin"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-t'oin",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-ton"
},
"expansion": "Finnish -ton",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "-tu"
},
"expansion": "Estonian -tu",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-t'oin. Akin to Finnish -ton and Estonian -tu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "izh-decl/koitoin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tt-t gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "15/koitoin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-toin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttomat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttoman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttomiin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tointa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-toint",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttomia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttomaa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttomii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttomaas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttomiis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttomast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttomist",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttomalle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttomille",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttomaal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttomiil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttomalt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttomilt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttomaks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttomiks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttomanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttomaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttominna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttomiin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttomant",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"exessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ttomint",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"exessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "front vowel variant",
"4": "-töin"
},
"expansion": "-toin (front vowel variant -töin)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-töin"
},
"expansion": "-toin (front vowel variant -töin)",
"name": "izh-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "onni (“happiness”) → onnetoin (“miserable”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-less; Indicates lack of something."
],
"links": [
[
"-less",
"-less"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-toi̯n/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-to̞i̯n]",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-toi̯n/",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-to̞i̯n]",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
}
],
"word": "-toin"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
"Ingrian non-lemma forms",
"Ingrian suffix forms",
"Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-toin",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-ttaa"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular past indicative of -ttaa"
],
"links": [
[
"-ttaa",
"-ttaa#Ingrian"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"morpheme",
"past",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-toi̯n/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-to̞i̯n]",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-toi̯n/",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-to̞i̯n]",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
}
],
"word": "-toin"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -toin meaning in Ingrian (4.8kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: front vowel variant -töin",
"path": [
"-toin"
],
"section": "Ingrian",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-toin",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ingrian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (f2d86ce and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.