See -lain in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-lainen"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-lainen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-lainen"
},
"expansion": "Finnish -lainen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "-lane"
},
"expansion": "Estonian -lane",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "slagh",
"3": "-in",
"id2": "similative",
"lang1": "gmq-osw"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish slagh + -in",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-lainen"
},
"expansion": "Finnish -lainen",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-lainen. Cognates include Finnish -lainen and Estonian -lane.\nThe sense \"kind of\" developed separately, ultimately from a combination of Old Swedish slagh + -in, probably via Finnish -lainen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "izh-decl/kärpäin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "1/kärpäin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-lain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-laiset",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-laisen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-laisiin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-laista",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-laist",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-laisia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-laisee",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-laisii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-laisees",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-laisiis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-laisest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-laisist",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-laiselle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-laisille",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-laiseel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-laisiil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-laiselt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-laisilt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-laiseks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-laisiks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-laisenna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-laiseen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-laisinna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-laisiin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-laisent",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"exessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-laisint",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"exessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "front vowel variant",
"4": "-läin"
},
"expansion": "-lain (front vowel variant -läin)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-läin"
},
"expansion": "-lain (front vowel variant -läin)",
"name": "izh-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 27 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 38 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ingrian terms suffixed with -in (similative)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 27 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 31 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ižorat (“Ingrians”) + -lain → ižoralain (“Ingrian”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form ethnonyms from plural ethnonyms and names of locations."
],
"id": "en--lain-izh-suffix-YbhdTtQq",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 27 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 38 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ingrian terms suffixed with -in (similative)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 31 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "api (“help”) + -lain → apilain (“helper”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns for people that are characterised by the suffixed noun."
],
"id": "en--lain-izh-suffix-UecKiMtP",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 27 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 38 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ingrian terms suffixed with -in (similative)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 31 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "yks (“one, same”) + -lain → yhenlain (“similar”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form adjectives indicating a smaller degree of a quality; kind of"
],
"id": "en--lain-izh-suffix-WyyeEcxe",
"links": [
[
"kind of",
"kind of"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-lɑi̯ne/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-ɫɑi̯n]",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-lɑi̯n/",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-ɫɑi̯n]",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
}
],
"word": "-lain"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
"Ingrian lemmas",
"Ingrian suffixes",
"Ingrian terms derived from Old Swedish",
"Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
"Ingrian terms suffixed with -in (similative)",
"Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-lainen"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-lainen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-lainen"
},
"expansion": "Finnish -lainen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "-lane"
},
"expansion": "Estonian -lane",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "slagh",
"3": "-in",
"id2": "similative",
"lang1": "gmq-osw"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish slagh + -in",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-lainen"
},
"expansion": "Finnish -lainen",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-lainen. Cognates include Finnish -lainen and Estonian -lane.\nThe sense \"kind of\" developed separately, ultimately from a combination of Old Swedish slagh + -in, probably via Finnish -lainen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "izh-decl/kärpäin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "1/kärpäin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-lain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-laiset",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-laisen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-laisiin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-laista",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-laist",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-laisia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-laisee",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-laisii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-laisees",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-laisiis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-laisest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-laisist",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-laiselle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-laisille",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-laiseel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-laisiil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-laiselt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-laisilt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-laiseks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-laisiks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-laisenna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-laiseen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-laisinna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-laisiin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-laisent",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"exessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-laisint",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"exessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "front vowel variant",
"4": "-läin"
},
"expansion": "-lain (front vowel variant -läin)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-läin"
},
"expansion": "-lain (front vowel variant -läin)",
"name": "izh-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ižorat (“Ingrians”) + -lain → ižoralain (“Ingrian”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form ethnonyms from plural ethnonyms and names of locations."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "api (“help”) + -lain → apilain (“helper”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns for people that are characterised by the suffixed noun."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "yks (“one, same”) + -lain → yhenlain (“similar”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form adjectives indicating a smaller degree of a quality; kind of"
],
"links": [
[
"kind of",
"kind of"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-lɑi̯ne/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-ɫɑi̯n]",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-lɑi̯n/",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-ɫɑi̯n]",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
}
],
"word": "-lain"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -lain meaning in Ingrian (4.7kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: front vowel variant -läin",
"path": [
"-lain"
],
"section": "Ingrian",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-lain",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ingrian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.