See -ka in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-ka"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-ka",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-kä",
"3": "-ka"
},
"expansion": "Finnish -ka",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-ka. Cognates include Finnish -ka.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-kä",
"tags": [
"front-vowel",
"variant"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "particle",
"3": "front-vowel variant",
"4": "-kä",
"cat2": "clitics"
},
"expansion": "-ka (front-vowel variant -kä)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used to turn a clause interrogative."
],
"id": "en--ka-izh-particle-jJBT3umJ",
"links": [
[
"interrogative",
"interrogative#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 79 8 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ingrian clitics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 39 10 8 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
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},
{
"_dis": "6 79 8 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ingrian particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used after negative verbs to join two verb clauses: neither, nor, and not"
],
"id": "en--ka-izh-particle-2LNt~H4A",
"links": [
[
"neither",
"neither"
],
[
"nor",
"nor"
],
[
"and",
"and"
],
[
"not",
"not"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-kɑ/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-kɑ]",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-kɑ/",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-kɑ]",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
}
],
"word": "-ka"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-ka"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-ka",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-kä",
"3": "-ka"
},
"expansion": "Finnish -ka",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-ka. Cognates include Finnish -ka.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "front vowel variant",
"4": "-kä"
},
"expansion": "-ka (front vowel variant -kä)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-kä"
},
"expansion": "-ka (front vowel variant -kä)",
"name": "izh-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Proto-Finnic *mi- + -ka → mikä",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Proto-Finnic *ku- + -ka → kuka",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used in some words to introduce an interrogative aspect."
],
"id": "en--ka-izh-suffix-Z2cniCjS",
"qualifier": "unproductive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(unproductive) Used in some words to introduce an interrogative aspect."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used in some words to introduce a negative aspect."
],
"id": "en--ka-izh-suffix-YCyvdxZh",
"qualifier": "unproductive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(unproductive) Used in some words to introduce a negative aspect."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-kɑ/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-kɑ]",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-kɑ/",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-kɑ]",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
}
],
"word": "-ka"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kaa",
"3": "-kaa"
},
"expansion": "Finnish -kaa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "-ga"
},
"expansion": "Estonian -ga",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Akin to dialectal Finnish -kaa and Estonian -ga.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "front vowel variant",
"4": "-kä"
},
"expansion": "-ka (front vowel variant -kä)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-kä"
},
"expansion": "-ka (front vowel variant -kä)",
"name": "izh-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 39 10 8 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the comitative case when added to a genitive of a noun."
],
"id": "en--ka-izh-suffix-YWcz7zSL",
"links": [
[
"comitative case",
"comitative case#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly Ala-Laukaa) Used to form the comitative case when added to a genitive of a noun."
],
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-kɑː/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-kɑː]",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-kɑ/",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-kɑ]",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
}
],
"word": "-ka"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ingrian clitics",
"Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
"Ingrian lemmas",
"Ingrian particles",
"Ingrian suffixes",
"Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
"Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 22 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-ka"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-ka",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-kä",
"3": "-ka"
},
"expansion": "Finnish -ka",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-ka. Cognates include Finnish -ka.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-kä",
"tags": [
"front-vowel",
"variant"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "particle",
"3": "front-vowel variant",
"4": "-kä",
"cat2": "clitics"
},
"expansion": "-ka (front-vowel variant -kä)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used to turn a clause interrogative."
],
"links": [
[
"interrogative",
"interrogative#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used after negative verbs to join two verb clauses: neither, nor, and not"
],
"links": [
[
"neither",
"neither"
],
[
"nor",
"nor"
],
[
"and",
"and"
],
[
"not",
"not"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-kɑ/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-kɑ]",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-kɑ/",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-kɑ]",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
}
],
"word": "-ka"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ingrian clitics",
"Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
"Ingrian lemmas",
"Ingrian particles",
"Ingrian suffixes",
"Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
"Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 22 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-ka"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-ka",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-kä",
"3": "-ka"
},
"expansion": "Finnish -ka",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-ka. Cognates include Finnish -ka.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "front vowel variant",
"4": "-kä"
},
"expansion": "-ka (front vowel variant -kä)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-kä"
},
"expansion": "-ka (front vowel variant -kä)",
"name": "izh-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Proto-Finnic *mi- + -ka → mikä",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Proto-Finnic *ku- + -ka → kuka",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used in some words to introduce an interrogative aspect."
],
"qualifier": "unproductive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(unproductive) Used in some words to introduce an interrogative aspect."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used in some words to introduce a negative aspect."
],
"qualifier": "unproductive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(unproductive) Used in some words to introduce a negative aspect."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-kɑ/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-kɑ]",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-kɑ/",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-kɑ]",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
}
],
"word": "-ka"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
"Ingrian lemmas",
"Ingrian suffixes",
"Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 22 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kaa",
"3": "-kaa"
},
"expansion": "Finnish -kaa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "-ga"
},
"expansion": "Estonian -ga",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Akin to dialectal Finnish -kaa and Estonian -ga.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "front vowel variant",
"4": "-kä"
},
"expansion": "-ka (front vowel variant -kä)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-kä"
},
"expansion": "-ka (front vowel variant -kä)",
"name": "izh-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form the comitative case when added to a genitive of a noun."
],
"links": [
[
"comitative case",
"comitative case#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly Ala-Laukaa) Used to form the comitative case when added to a genitive of a noun."
],
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-kɑː/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-kɑː]",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-kɑ/",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-kɑ]",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
}
],
"word": "-ka"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ka meaning in Ingrian (4.4kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: front vowel variant -kä",
"path": [
"-ka"
],
"section": "Ingrian",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ka",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: front vowel variant -kä",
"path": [
"-ka"
],
"section": "Ingrian",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ka",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ingrian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.