See -e in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-ëk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-ëk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-ëh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-ëh",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Finnish -e",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Estonian -e",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Conflated:\n* From Proto-Finnic *-ëk.\n* From Proto-Finnic *-ëh.\nCognates include Finnish -e and Estonian -e.\nThe two suffixes do retain a distinct inflection in the Soikkola, Hevaha and Ylä-Laukaa dialects.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "q",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eet",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-een",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ein",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-etta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eita",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eesse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eisse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ees",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eist",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eelle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eille",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eelt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eilt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eeks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-eiks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-eenna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-een",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-einna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ein",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eent",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"exessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eint",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"exessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "q",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eet",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-een",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ein",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-että",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eitä",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eesse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eisse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ees",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eist",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eelle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eille",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eelt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eilt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eeks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-eiks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-eennä",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-een",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-einnä",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ein",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eent",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"exessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eint",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"exessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "q",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "back-vocalic",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "front-vocalic",
"source": "declension"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "-e",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-e",
"name": "izh-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 44 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "lähtiä (“to begin”) + -e → lähe (“spring”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns from either verbs or adjectives."
],
"id": "en--e-izh-suffix-W8tcF8ry",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-e/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-e̞]",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-e/",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-e̞]",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
}
],
"word": "-e"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 44 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-ëk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-ëk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-ëh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-ëh",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Finnish -e",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Estonian -e",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Conflated:\n* From Proto-Finnic *-ëk.\n* From Proto-Finnic *-ëh.\nCognates include Finnish -e and Estonian -e.\nThe two suffixes do retain a distinct inflection in the Soikkola, Hevaha and Ylä-Laukaa dialects.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "q",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eet",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-een",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ein",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-etta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eita",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eesse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eisse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ees",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eist",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eelle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eille",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eelt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eilt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eeks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-eiks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-eenna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-een",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-einna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ein",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eent",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"exessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eint",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"exessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "q",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eet",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-een",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ein",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-että",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eitä",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eesse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eisse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ees",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eist",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eelle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eille",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eelt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eilt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eeks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-eiks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-eennä",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-een",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-einnä",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ein",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eent",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"exessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eint",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"exessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "q",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "back-vocalic",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "front-vocalic",
"source": "declension"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "-e",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-e",
"name": "izh-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
"Ingrian lemmas",
"Ingrian suffixes",
"Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 44 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "lähtiä (“to begin”) + -e → lähe (“spring”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns from either verbs or adjectives."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-e/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-e̞]",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-e/",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-e̞]",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
}
],
"word": "-e"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -e meaning in Ingrian (5.9kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for back-vocalic",
"path": [
"-e"
],
"section": "Ingrian",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-e",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for front-vocalic",
"path": [
"-e"
],
"section": "Ingrian",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-e",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ingrian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (ee63ee9 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.