See -ना in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "af",
"3": "pra>-𑀅𑀡>suffix",
"4": "pra>-𑀓->pleonastic",
"id": "infinitive",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nPrakrit -𑀅𑀡 (-aṇa)\nPrakrit -𑀓- (-ka-)\nHindi -ना (-nā)",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "pra",
"3": "-𑀅𑀡",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Prakrit -𑀅𑀡 (-aṇa)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "pra",
"3": "-𑀅𑀡"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Prakrit -𑀅𑀡 (-aṇa)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "ka"
},
"expansion": "+ Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-)",
"name": "inc-ext"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "sa",
"3": "-अन"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit -अन (-ana)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*-anam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *-anam",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-onom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-onom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "-अन"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of -अन (-an)",
"name": "dbt"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "infinitive ending"
},
"expansion": "infinitive ending",
"name": "ngd"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-en",
"t": "<span class=\"Latn\" lang=\"en\">infinitive ending</span>"
},
"expansion": "German -en (“infinitive ending”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nPrakrit -𑀅𑀡 (-aṇa)\nPrakrit -𑀓- (-ka-)\nHindi -ना (-nā)\nInherited from Prakrit -𑀅𑀡 (-aṇa) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-), from Sanskrit -अन (-ana), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *-anam, from Proto-Indo-European *-onom, from *-o- (thematic vowel) + *-nom (verbal noun suffix). Doublet of -अन (-an). Cognate with German -en (“infinitive ending”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-nā",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ना • (-nā)",
"name": "hi-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Hindi",
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"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 37 11 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hindi entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 35 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hindi terms extended with Indo-Aryan -𑀓-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "कर (kar, “do (stem)”) + -ना (-nā) → करना (karnā, “to do”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form the infinitive"
],
"id": "en--ना-hi-suffix-j9y-iyF5",
"links": [
[
"infinitive",
"infinitive#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(as an inflection)",
"used to form the infinitive"
],
"raw_tags": [
"as an inflection"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 46 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 43 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hindi entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 37 11 41",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 35 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hindi terms extended with Indo-Aryan -𑀓-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Bring a book",
"roman": "ek kitāb lānā",
"text": "एक किताब लाना"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms neutral imperatives when used without a verb"
],
"id": "en--ना-hi-suffix-iiDiHue0",
"raw_glosses": [
"(as an inflection)",
"forms neutral imperatives when used without a verb"
],
"raw_tags": [
"as an inflection"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 35 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hindi terms extended with Indo-Aryan -𑀓-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "छेद (ched, “hole”) + -ना (-nā) → छेदना (chednā, “to bore, dig a hole”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ललकार (lalkār, “challenge”) + -ना (-nā) → ललकारना (lalkārnā, “to challenge”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "महक (mahak, “fragrant”) + -ना (-nā) → महकना (mahaknā, “to be fragrant”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms verbs from nouns or adjectives"
],
"id": "en--ना-hi-suffix--D~7Lq3c",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nɑː/",
"tags": [
"Delhi"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[näː]",
"tags": [
"Delhi"
]
}
],
"word": "-ना"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "inc-ohi",
"3": "-ना",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Hindi -ना (-nā)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "inc-ohi",
"3": "-ना"
},
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"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "pra",
"3": "-𑀅𑀡𑀻𑀬"
},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "sa",
"3": "-अनीय"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit -अनीय (-anīya)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Hindi -ना (-nā), from Prakrit -𑀅𑀡𑀻𑀬 (-aṇīya), from Sanskrit -अनीय (-anīya), whence also the substantive -नी (-nī) ending. The reduction in the participle/adjective would come from taking the form with -nī as a feminine and analogizing the masculine -nā, likely with influence from the infinitive -nā (for which see Etymology 1).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-nā",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "hi-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ā-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ना",
"roman": "-nā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"direct",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ने",
"roman": "-ne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"direct",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-नी",
"roman": "-nī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"direct",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-नीं",
"roman": "-nī̃",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"direct",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ने",
"roman": "-ne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ने",
"roman": "-ne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-नी",
"roman": "-nī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-नीं",
"roman": "-nī̃",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ने",
"roman": "-ne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ने",
"roman": "-ne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-नी",
"roman": "-nī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-नीं",
"roman": "-nī̃",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ना • (-nā)",
"name": "hi-suffix"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "<part>"
},
"name": "hi-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 37 11 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hindi entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 19 13 28 9 9 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 25 10 35 7 7 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "that khichdi is to be eaten",
"roman": "vah khicṛī khānī hai",
"text": "वह खिचड़ी खानी है"
},
{
"english": "I have to read these books",
"roman": "mujhe yah kitābẽ paṛhnī̃ ha͠i",
"text": "मुझे यह किताबें पढ़नीं हैं"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms gerundive participles, meaning that which should, can, or will be done; with a subject in the dative, expresses obligation"
],
"id": "en--ना-hi-suffix-pihpYHl6",
"links": [
[
"gerundive",
"gerundive#English"
],
[
"should",
"should#English"
],
[
"can",
"can#English"
],
[
"will",
"will#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nɑː/",
"tags": [
"Delhi"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[näː]",
"tags": [
"Delhi"
]
}
],
"word": "-ना"
}
{
"categories": [
"Entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"Hindi doublets",
"Hindi entries with etymology trees",
"Hindi entries with incorrect language header",
"Hindi lemmas",
"Hindi suffixes",
"Hindi terms derived from Old Hindi",
"Hindi terms derived from Prakrit",
"Hindi terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Hindi terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Hindi terms derived from Sanskrit",
"Hindi terms extended with Indo-Aryan -𑀓-",
"Hindi terms inherited from Old Hindi",
"Hindi terms inherited from Prakrit",
"Hindi terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Hindi terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Hindi terms inherited from Sanskrit",
"Hindi terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Hindi verb-forming suffixes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
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"2": "af",
"3": "pra>-𑀅𑀡>suffix",
"4": "pra>-𑀓->pleonastic",
"id": "infinitive",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nPrakrit -𑀅𑀡 (-aṇa)\nPrakrit -𑀓- (-ka-)\nHindi -ना (-nā)",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "pra",
"3": "-𑀅𑀡",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Prakrit -𑀅𑀡 (-aṇa)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
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"2": "pra",
"3": "-𑀅𑀡"
},
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"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "ka"
},
"expansion": "+ Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-)",
"name": "inc-ext"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "sa",
"3": "-अन"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit -अन (-ana)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*-anam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *-anam",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-onom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-onom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "-अन"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of -अन (-an)",
"name": "dbt"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "infinitive ending"
},
"expansion": "infinitive ending",
"name": "ngd"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-en",
"t": "<span class=\"Latn\" lang=\"en\">infinitive ending</span>"
},
"expansion": "German -en (“infinitive ending”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nPrakrit -𑀅𑀡 (-aṇa)\nPrakrit -𑀓- (-ka-)\nHindi -ना (-nā)\nInherited from Prakrit -𑀅𑀡 (-aṇa) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-), from Sanskrit -अन (-ana), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *-anam, from Proto-Indo-European *-onom, from *-o- (thematic vowel) + *-nom (verbal noun suffix). Doublet of -अन (-an). Cognate with German -en (“infinitive ending”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-nā",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ना • (-nā)",
"name": "hi-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "कर (kar, “do (stem)”) + -ना (-nā) → करना (karnā, “to do”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form the infinitive"
],
"links": [
[
"infinitive",
"infinitive#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(as an inflection)",
"used to form the infinitive"
],
"raw_tags": [
"as an inflection"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Hindi terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Bring a book",
"roman": "ek kitāb lānā",
"text": "एक किताब लाना"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms neutral imperatives when used without a verb"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(as an inflection)",
"forms neutral imperatives when used without a verb"
],
"raw_tags": [
"as an inflection"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "छेद (ched, “hole”) + -ना (-nā) → छेदना (chednā, “to bore, dig a hole”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ललकार (lalkār, “challenge”) + -ना (-nā) → ललकारना (lalkārnā, “to challenge”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "महक (mahak, “fragrant”) + -ना (-nā) → महकना (mahaknā, “to be fragrant”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms verbs from nouns or adjectives"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nɑː/",
"tags": [
"Delhi"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[näː]",
"tags": [
"Delhi"
]
}
],
"word": "-ना"
}
{
"categories": [
"Hindi entries with incorrect language header",
"Hindi lemmas",
"Hindi suffixes",
"Hindi terms derived from Old Hindi",
"Hindi terms derived from Prakrit",
"Hindi terms derived from Sanskrit",
"Hindi terms inherited from Old Hindi",
"Hindi terms inherited from Prakrit",
"Hindi terms inherited from Sanskrit",
"Hindi terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Hindi verb-forming suffixes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "inc-ohi",
"3": "-ना",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Hindi -ना (-nā)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "inc-ohi",
"3": "-ना"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Hindi -ना (-nā)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "pra",
"3": "-𑀅𑀡𑀻𑀬"
},
"expansion": "Prakrit -𑀅𑀡𑀻𑀬 (-aṇīya)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "sa",
"3": "-अनीय"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit -अनीय (-anīya)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Hindi -ना (-nā), from Prakrit -𑀅𑀡𑀻𑀬 (-aṇīya), from Sanskrit -अनीय (-anīya), whence also the substantive -नी (-nī) ending. The reduction in the participle/adjective would come from taking the form with -nī as a feminine and analogizing the masculine -nā, likely with influence from the infinitive -nā (for which see Etymology 1).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-nā",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "hi-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ā-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ना",
"roman": "-nā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"direct",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ने",
"roman": "-ne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"direct",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-नी",
"roman": "-nī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"direct",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-नीं",
"roman": "-nī̃",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"direct",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ने",
"roman": "-ne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ने",
"roman": "-ne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-नी",
"roman": "-nī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-नीं",
"roman": "-nī̃",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ने",
"roman": "-ne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ने",
"roman": "-ne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-नी",
"roman": "-nī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-नीं",
"roman": "-nī̃",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ना • (-nā)",
"name": "hi-suffix"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "<part>"
},
"name": "hi-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Hindi terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "that khichdi is to be eaten",
"roman": "vah khicṛī khānī hai",
"text": "वह खिचड़ी खानी है"
},
{
"english": "I have to read these books",
"roman": "mujhe yah kitābẽ paṛhnī̃ ha͠i",
"text": "मुझे यह किताबें पढ़नीं हैं"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms gerundive participles, meaning that which should, can, or will be done; with a subject in the dative, expresses obligation"
],
"links": [
[
"gerundive",
"gerundive#English"
],
[
"should",
"should#English"
],
[
"can",
"can#English"
],
[
"will",
"will#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nɑː/",
"tags": [
"Delhi"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[näː]",
"tags": [
"Delhi"
]
}
],
"word": "-ना"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ना meaning in Hindi (8.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Hindi dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.