See Zugzwang in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "Cʻugcʻvang",
"word": "Ցուգցվանգ"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "zugzwang"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "zugzwang"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "cugcváng",
"word": "цугцва́нг"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": ":af",
"3": "Zug<t:move>",
"4": "Zwang<t:compulsion>"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to pull\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dewk-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*teuhaną\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*tugiz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*tugi\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old High German\", \"term\" : \"zug\", \"lang\" : \"goh\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle High German\", \"term\" : \"zuc\", \"lang\" : \"gmh\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"German\", \"term\" : \"Zug\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"de\" }, { \"gloss\" : \"compulsion\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"German\", \"term\" : \"Zwang\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"de\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"German\", \"term\" : \"Zugzwang\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"de\" }\" data-lang=\"de\" data-title=\"Zugzwang\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Zug",
"3": "Zwang",
"t1": "move",
"t2": "compulsion"
},
"expansion": "Zug (“move”) + Zwang (“compulsion”)",
"name": "compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Zug (“move”) + Zwang (“compulsion”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Zugzwangs",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Zugzwanges",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Zugzwänge",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Zugzwang",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Zugzwänge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Zugzwangs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Zugzwanges",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Zugzwänge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Zugzwang",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Zugzwange",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Zugzwängen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Zugzwang",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Zugzwänge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m,s:es,^e"
},
"expansion": "Zugzwang m (strong, genitive Zugzwangs or Zugzwanges, plural Zugzwänge)",
"name": "de-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m,s:es,^e"
},
"name": "de-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "de",
"name": "Chess",
"orig": "de:Chess",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "de",
"name": "Games",
"orig": "de:Games",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "43 8 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 11 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 11 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
129,
137
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
106,
127
]
],
"english": "Cows can be moved along the lines by one square. They cannot jump nor capture any piece. Both players are forced to make a move. The leopard is not forced to capture a piece if possible.",
"ref": "2006, Claus Voigt, “Kühe und Leoparden [Cows and Leopards]”, in Asiatische Spiele [Asian Games], Humboldt, page 75:",
"text": "Kühe können entlang den Linien um ein Feld gezogen werden. Sie können nicht springen und nicht schlagen. Für beide Parteien gilt Zugzwang. Für den Leoparden gilt kein Schlagzwang.",
"translation": "Cows can be moved along the lines by one square. They cannot jump nor capture any piece. Both players are forced to make a move. The leopard is not forced to capture a piece if possible.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"zugzwang",
"synonym of Zugpflicht (“the rule that a player cannot forgo a move”)"
],
"id": "en-Zugzwang-de-noun-SnPYn0O8",
"links": [
[
"zugzwang",
"zugzwang"
],
[
"games",
"game#Noun"
],
[
"chess",
"chess"
],
[
"Zugpflicht",
"Zugpflicht#German"
],
[
"forgo",
"forgo"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"zugzwang",
"(games, especially chess) synonym of Zugpflicht (“the rule that a player cannot forgo a move”)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "the rule that a player cannot forgo a move",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "Zugpflicht"
}
],
"tags": [
"especially",
"masculine",
"strong"
],
"topics": [
"board-games",
"chess",
"games"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "42 11 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 11 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"zugzwang",
"a situation where this rule forces a player to make a disadvantageous move"
],
"id": "en-Zugzwang-de-noun-ri3oYSf7",
"links": [
[
"zugzwang",
"zugzwang"
],
[
"disadvantageous",
"disadvantageous"
]
],
"qualifier": "hence more specifically",
"raw_glosses": [
"zugzwang",
"(hence more specifically) a situation where this rule forces a player to make a disadvantageous move"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"strong"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 10 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries referencing ambiguous etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 10 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 4 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 8 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 11 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 6 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 5 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 11 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"zugzwang",
"a situation where someone is under pressure to take action, though not necessarily with disadvantageous consequences."
],
"id": "en-Zugzwang-de-noun-CqtllrP3",
"links": [
[
"zugzwang",
"zugzwang"
],
[
"pressure",
"pressure"
],
[
"take action",
"take action"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"zugzwang",
"(by extension) a situation where someone is under pressure to take action, though not necessarily with disadvantageous consequences."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"masculine",
"strong"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtsuːkˌtsvaŋ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡suːkˌt͡sʋaŋ]"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtsʊxˌtsvaŋ/"
},
{
"audio": "De-Zugzwang.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/De-Zugzwang.ogg/De-Zugzwang.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/De-Zugzwang.ogg",
"tags": [
"Germany",
"Berlin"
]
}
],
"word": "Zugzwang"
}
{
"categories": [
"German compound terms",
"German entries referencing ambiguous etymons",
"German entries referencing missing etymons",
"German entries with etymon",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German masculine nouns",
"German nouns",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "Cʻugcʻvang",
"word": "Ցուգցվանգ"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "zugzwang"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "zugzwang"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "cugcváng",
"word": "цугцва́нг"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": ":af",
"3": "Zug<t:move>",
"4": "Zwang<t:compulsion>"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to pull\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dewk-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*teuhaną\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*tugiz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*tugi\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old High German\", \"term\" : \"zug\", \"lang\" : \"goh\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle High German\", \"term\" : \"zuc\", \"lang\" : \"gmh\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"German\", \"term\" : \"Zug\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"de\" }, { \"gloss\" : \"compulsion\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"German\", \"term\" : \"Zwang\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"de\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"German\", \"term\" : \"Zugzwang\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"de\" }\" data-lang=\"de\" data-title=\"Zugzwang\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Zug",
"3": "Zwang",
"t1": "move",
"t2": "compulsion"
},
"expansion": "Zug (“move”) + Zwang (“compulsion”)",
"name": "compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Zug (“move”) + Zwang (“compulsion”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Zugzwangs",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Zugzwanges",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Zugzwänge",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Zugzwang",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Zugzwänge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Zugzwangs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Zugzwanges",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Zugzwänge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Zugzwang",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Zugzwange",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Zugzwängen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Zugzwang",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Zugzwänge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m,s:es,^e"
},
"expansion": "Zugzwang m (strong, genitive Zugzwangs or Zugzwanges, plural Zugzwänge)",
"name": "de-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m,s:es,^e"
},
"name": "de-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"German terms with quotations",
"de:Chess",
"de:Games"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
129,
137
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
106,
127
]
],
"english": "Cows can be moved along the lines by one square. They cannot jump nor capture any piece. Both players are forced to make a move. The leopard is not forced to capture a piece if possible.",
"ref": "2006, Claus Voigt, “Kühe und Leoparden [Cows and Leopards]”, in Asiatische Spiele [Asian Games], Humboldt, page 75:",
"text": "Kühe können entlang den Linien um ein Feld gezogen werden. Sie können nicht springen und nicht schlagen. Für beide Parteien gilt Zugzwang. Für den Leoparden gilt kein Schlagzwang.",
"translation": "Cows can be moved along the lines by one square. They cannot jump nor capture any piece. Both players are forced to make a move. The leopard is not forced to capture a piece if possible.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"zugzwang",
"synonym of Zugpflicht (“the rule that a player cannot forgo a move”)"
],
"links": [
[
"zugzwang",
"zugzwang"
],
[
"games",
"game#Noun"
],
[
"chess",
"chess"
],
[
"Zugpflicht",
"Zugpflicht#German"
],
[
"forgo",
"forgo"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"zugzwang",
"(games, especially chess) synonym of Zugpflicht (“the rule that a player cannot forgo a move”)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "the rule that a player cannot forgo a move",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "Zugpflicht"
}
],
"tags": [
"especially",
"masculine",
"strong"
],
"topics": [
"board-games",
"chess",
"games"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"zugzwang",
"a situation where this rule forces a player to make a disadvantageous move"
],
"links": [
[
"zugzwang",
"zugzwang"
],
[
"disadvantageous",
"disadvantageous"
]
],
"qualifier": "hence more specifically",
"raw_glosses": [
"zugzwang",
"(hence more specifically) a situation where this rule forces a player to make a disadvantageous move"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"strong"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"zugzwang",
"a situation where someone is under pressure to take action, though not necessarily with disadvantageous consequences."
],
"links": [
[
"zugzwang",
"zugzwang"
],
[
"pressure",
"pressure"
],
[
"take action",
"take action"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"zugzwang",
"(by extension) a situation where someone is under pressure to take action, though not necessarily with disadvantageous consequences."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"masculine",
"strong"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtsuːkˌtsvaŋ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡suːkˌt͡sʋaŋ]"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtsʊxˌtsvaŋ/"
},
{
"audio": "De-Zugzwang.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/De-Zugzwang.ogg/De-Zugzwang.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/De-Zugzwang.ogg",
"tags": [
"Germany",
"Berlin"
]
}
],
"word": "Zugzwang"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Zugzwang meaning in German (6.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable German dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.