See Ref in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "Refs",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Refs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Ref",
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"tags": [
"nominative",
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]
},
{
"form": "Refs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
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"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Refs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Refs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ref",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Refs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ref",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Refs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n,,s"
},
"expansion": "Ref n (strong, genitive Refs, plural Refs)",
"name": "de-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n,,s"
},
"name": "de-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "Referendariat"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "de",
"name": "Education",
"orig": "de:Education",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "12 46 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"clipping of Referendariat"
],
"id": "en-Ref-de-noun-jRrOUAgr",
"links": [
[
"education",
"education"
],
[
"Referendariat",
"Referendariat#German"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, education) clipping of Referendariat"
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"clipping",
"colloquial",
"neuter",
"strong"
],
"topics": [
"education"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʁɛf]"
}
],
"word": "Ref"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "Refs",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Refs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Ref",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Refs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Refs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Refs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ref",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Refs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ref",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Refs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m,,s"
},
"expansion": "Ref m (strong, genitive Refs, plural Refs)",
"name": "de-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m,,s"
},
"name": "de-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "Referee"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "de",
"name": "Sports",
"orig": "de:Sports",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "12 46 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"clipping of Referee"
],
"id": "en-Ref-de-noun-Kd-qAOD2",
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"Referee",
"Referee#German"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, sports) clipping of Referee"
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"clipping",
"colloquial",
"masculine",
"strong"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "Referendar"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "de",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "de:Law",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "12 46 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"clipping of Referendar"
],
"id": "en-Ref-de-noun-33AMNgOz",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"Referendar",
"Referendar#German"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, law, nonstandard) clipping of Referendar"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "of teachers instead of jurists",
"word": "Refi"
}
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"clipping",
"colloquial",
"masculine",
"nonstandard",
"strong"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʁɛf]"
}
],
"word": "Ref"
}
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German masculine nouns",
"German neuter nouns",
"German nouns",
"German student slang",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "Refs",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Refs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Ref",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Refs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Refs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Refs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ref",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Refs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ref",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Refs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n,,s"
},
"expansion": "Ref n (strong, genitive Refs, plural Refs)",
"name": "de-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n,,s"
},
"name": "de-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "Referendariat"
}
],
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"German clippings",
"German colloquialisms",
"de:Education"
],
"glosses": [
"clipping of Referendariat"
],
"links": [
[
"education",
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],
[
"Referendariat",
"Referendariat#German"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, education) clipping of Referendariat"
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
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"colloquial",
"neuter",
"strong"
],
"topics": [
"education"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʁɛf]"
}
],
"word": "Ref"
}
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German masculine nouns",
"German neuter nouns",
"German nouns",
"German student slang",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "Refs",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Refs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Ref",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Refs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Refs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Refs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ref",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Refs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ref",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Refs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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"args": {
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},
"expansion": "Ref m (strong, genitive Refs, plural Refs)",
"name": "de-noun"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "m,,s"
},
"name": "de-ndecl"
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],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "Referee"
}
],
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"German colloquialisms",
"de:Sports"
],
"glosses": [
"clipping of Referee"
],
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"Referee",
"Referee#German"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, sports) clipping of Referee"
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"clipping",
"colloquial",
"masculine",
"strong"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "Referendar"
}
],
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"German clippings",
"German colloquialisms",
"German nonstandard terms",
"de:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"clipping of Referendar"
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"Referendar",
"Referendar#German"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, law, nonstandard) clipping of Referendar"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "of teachers instead of jurists",
"word": "Refi"
}
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"clipping",
"colloquial",
"masculine",
"nonstandard",
"strong"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʁɛf]"
}
],
"word": "Ref"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Ref meaning in German (4.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable German dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-07-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-07-01 using wiktextract (45c4a21 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.