"Kugel" meaning in German

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Albanian",
      "lang_code": "sq",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kugëll"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "sense": "Christmas ornament",
      "word": "kugel"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Kashubian",
      "lang_code": "csb",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kùgla"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Plautdietsch",
      "lang_code": "pdt",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "Kugel"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Polish",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed",
        "meanings other than \"crutch\""
      ],
      "word": "kula"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "lang_code": "sh",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kugla"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "gem"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "gmh",
        "3": "kugele",
        "4": "kugel(e)"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German kugel(e)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "coghele, coeghele"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch coghele, coeghele",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*kugulā"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kugulā",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cudgel"
      },
      "expansion": "English cudgel",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*kuggil"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kuggil",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*kuggǭ",
        "t": "cog, swelling"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kuggǭ (“cog, swelling”)",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Kogge",
        "t": "roundish ship"
      },
      "expansion": "German Kogge (“roundish ship”)",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "gugà",
        "t": "hump"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian gugà (“hump”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sq",
        "2": "gogël",
        "t": "acorn"
      },
      "expansion": "Albanian gogël (“acorn”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gew-",
        "t": "to bow, bend, arch, curve"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to bow, bend, arch, curve”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "2",
        "2": "Further discussion"
      },
      "expansion": "Further discussion",
      "name": "col-top"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle High German kugel(e), of unknown origin. It is not clear whether Middle Dutch coghele, coeghele (modern kogel) is a cognate or rather a borrowing from High German. In the former case it would require a Proto-West Germanic *kugulā.\nPossibly related with English cudgel, from Proto-West Germanic *kuggil, a derivative of Proto-Germanic *kuggǭ (“cog, swelling”), whence German Kogge (“roundish ship”). This group has been compared to words like Lithuanian gugà (“hump”), Albanian gogël (“acorn”), and may be further derived from Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to bow, bend, arch, curve”). Other German words that may be related to this root include kauern, Keule, Koben, Kuhle, Quaddel.\nFurther discussion\nThe word appears from the Middle High German period referring to a ball used in games, e.g. skittles / bowling. A Swiss dialect form has an additional r, in Krugle, found already in Middle High German in the diminutive form krúgellin (Konrad of Würzburg, d. 1287). Another variant is contracted kūle, kaule, kulle. Low German and parts of West Central German used cognates of Klotz for the ball in skittles.\nThe sense “bullet” is probably an extension of the former use. However, it could theoretically be older than the introduction of firearms, because lead or iron spheres were already used as projectiles fired with slingshots.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "Kugel",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kugeln",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kügelchen",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kügelein",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive",
        "neuter",
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Küglein",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive",
        "neuter",
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "de-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kugel",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kugeln",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kugel",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kugeln",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kugel",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kugeln",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kugel",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kugeln",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "dim": "^chen,Kügelein􂀿both rare􂁀,Küglein"
      },
      "expansion": "Kugel f (genitive Kugel, plural Kugeln, diminutive Kügelchen n or (both rare) Kügelein n or Küglein n)",
      "name": "de-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "name": "de-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "German",
  "lang_code": "de",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "attestations": [
        {
          "date": "13th century",
          "references": []
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a ball, usually solid"
      ],
      "id": "en-Kugel-de-noun-2EObfyEJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "ball",
          "ball"
        ],
        [
          "solid",
          "solid"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "attestations": [
        {
          "date": "15th century",
          "references": []
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "de",
          "name": "Firearms",
          "orig": "de:Firearms",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 23 22 7 12 7 17 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 20 19 4 10 3 13 2 4 1 22 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              4,
              9
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              4,
              10
            ]
          ],
          "english": "The bullet went right through the heart.",
          "text": "Die Kugel ging mitten ins Herz.",
          "translation": "The bullet went right through the heart.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "bullet, projectile"
      ],
      "id": "en-Kugel-de-noun-q~SFCvjs",
      "links": [
        [
          "firearm",
          "firearm"
        ],
        [
          "bullet",
          "bullet"
        ],
        [
          "projectile",
          "projectile"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(firearms) bullet, projectile"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "Projektil"
        },
        {
          "word": "Geschoss"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "engineering",
        "firearms",
        "government",
        "military",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences",
        "politics",
        "tools",
        "war",
        "weaponry"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "de",
          "name": "Firearms",
          "orig": "de:Firearms",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 23 22 7 12 7 17 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 20 19 4 10 3 13 2 4 1 22 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              19,
              25
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              13,
              19
            ]
          ],
          "english": "He had three rounds left in the magazine.",
          "text": "Er hatte noch drei Kugeln im Magazin.",
          "translation": "He had three rounds left in the magazine.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "round, cartridge, bullet"
      ],
      "id": "en-Kugel-de-noun-4Zvyhtb6",
      "links": [
        [
          "firearm",
          "firearm"
        ],
        [
          "round",
          "round"
        ],
        [
          "cartridge",
          "cartridge"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(firearms, loosely) round, cartridge, bullet"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "Patrone"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "broadly",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "engineering",
        "firearms",
        "government",
        "military",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences",
        "politics",
        "tools",
        "war",
        "weaponry"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "5 11 10 21 16 16 11 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "de",
          "name": "Toys",
          "orig": "de:Toys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "_dis1": "11 14 13 20 14 14 14",
          "alt": "kuglicht",
          "word": "kugelig"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 14 13 20 14 14 14",
          "word": "kugeln"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 14 13 20 14 14 14",
          "word": "verkugeln"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "scoop"
      ],
      "hyponyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "11 14 13 20 14 14 14",
          "word": "Babykugel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 14 13 20 14 14 14",
          "word": "Bowlingkugel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 14 13 20 14 14 14",
          "word": "Christbaumkugel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 14 13 20 14 14 14",
          "word": "Erdkugel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 14 13 20 14 14 14",
          "word": "Gewehrkugel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 14 13 20 14 14 14",
          "word": "Glaskugel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 14 13 20 14 14 14",
          "word": "Halbkugel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 14 13 20 14 14 14",
          "word": "Kristallkugel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 14 13 20 14 14 14",
          "word": "Mottenkugel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 14 13 20 14 14 14",
          "word": "Schrotkugel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 14 13 20 14 14 14",
          "word": "Weihnachtsbaumkugel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 14 13 20 14 14 14",
          "word": "Weihnachtskugel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 14 13 20 14 14 14",
          "word": "Weltkugel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 14 13 20 14 14 14",
          "word": "Zielkugel"
        }
      ],
      "id": "en-Kugel-de-noun-c5Ejtman",
      "links": [
        [
          "scoop",
          "scoop"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(of ice cream) scoop"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of ice cream"
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "_dis1": "11 14 13 20 14 14 14",
          "word": "Kugelblitz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 14 13 20 14 14 14",
          "word": "Kugelbombe"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 14 13 20 14 14 14",
          "word": "Kugelfisch"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 14 13 20 14 14 14",
          "word": "Kugelgelenk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 14 13 20 14 14 14",
          "word": "Kugelkopf"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 14 13 20 14 14 14",
          "word": "Kugellager"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 14 13 20 14 14 14",
          "word": "Kugeloberfäche"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 14 13 20 14 14 14",
          "word": "Kugelschreiber"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 14 13 20 14 14 14",
          "word": "Kugelstoßen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 14 13 20 14 14 14",
          "word": "Kugelumfang"
        }
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "Bällchen"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "attestations": [
        {
          "date": "16th century",
          "references": []
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "de",
          "name": "Astronomy",
          "orig": "de:Astronomy",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "de",
          "name": "Geography",
          "orig": "de:Geography",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 23 22 7 12 7 17 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "orb, globe, celestial body"
      ],
      "id": "en-Kugel-de-noun-2n5Yy88c",
      "links": [
        [
          "astronomy",
          "astronomy"
        ],
        [
          "geography",
          "geography"
        ],
        [
          "orb",
          "orb"
        ],
        [
          "globe",
          "globe"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(astronomy, geography) orb, globe, celestial body"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "astronomy",
        "geography",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "attestations": [
        {
          "date": "16th century",
          "references": []
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "de",
          "name": "Geometry",
          "orig": "de:Geometry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sphere, orb"
      ],
      "id": "en-Kugel-de-noun-mAkj5NMt",
      "links": [
        [
          "geometry",
          "geometry"
        ],
        [
          "sphere",
          "sphere"
        ],
        [
          "orb",
          "orb"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(geometry) sphere, orb"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "Sphäre"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "geometry",
        "mathematics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "de",
          "name": "Heraldic charges",
          "orig": "de:Heraldic charges",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 23 22 7 12 7 17 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 20 19 4 10 3 13 2 4 1 22 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "roundel (of any tincture)"
      ],
      "id": "en-Kugel-de-noun-jDXuRrIL",
      "links": [
        [
          "heraldry",
          "heraldry"
        ],
        [
          "roundel",
          "roundel"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(heraldry) roundel (of any tincture)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "government",
        "heraldry",
        "hobbies",
        "lifestyle",
        "monarchy",
        "nobility",
        "politics"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkuːɡəl/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "De-Kugel.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/De-Kugel.ogg/De-Kugel.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/De-Kugel.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "Kugel"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "Kugel",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kugeln",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "de-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kugel",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kugeln",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kugel",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kugeln",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kugel",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kugeln",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kugel",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kugeln",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "Kugel f (genitive Kugel, plural Kugeln)",
      "name": "de-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "name": "de-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "German",
  "lang_code": "de",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "cowl",
          "word": "Kogel"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "alternative form of Kogel (“cowl”)"
      ],
      "id": "en-Kugel-de-noun-NwcY-83L",
      "links": [
        [
          "Kogel",
          "Kogel#German"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkuːɡəl/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "De-Kugel.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/De-Kugel.ogg/De-Kugel.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/De-Kugel.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "Kugel"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "German entries with incorrect language header",
    "German feminine nouns",
    "German lemmas",
    "German nouns",
    "German terms derived from Germanic languages",
    "German terms derived from Middle High German",
    "German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "German terms inherited from Middle High German",
    "German terms with unknown etymologies",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "de:Toys"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "alt": "kuglicht",
      "word": "kugelig"
    },
    {
      "word": "kugeln"
    },
    {
      "word": "verkugeln"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Albanian",
      "lang_code": "sq",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kugëll"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "sense": "Christmas ornament",
      "word": "kugel"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Kashubian",
      "lang_code": "csb",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kùgla"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Plautdietsch",
      "lang_code": "pdt",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "Kugel"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Polish",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed",
        "meanings other than \"crutch\""
      ],
      "word": "kula"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "lang_code": "sh",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kugla"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "gem"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "gmh",
        "3": "kugele",
        "4": "kugel(e)"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German kugel(e)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "coghele, coeghele"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch coghele, coeghele",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*kugulā"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kugulā",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cudgel"
      },
      "expansion": "English cudgel",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*kuggil"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kuggil",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*kuggǭ",
        "t": "cog, swelling"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kuggǭ (“cog, swelling”)",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Kogge",
        "t": "roundish ship"
      },
      "expansion": "German Kogge (“roundish ship”)",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "gugà",
        "t": "hump"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian gugà (“hump”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sq",
        "2": "gogël",
        "t": "acorn"
      },
      "expansion": "Albanian gogël (“acorn”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gew-",
        "t": "to bow, bend, arch, curve"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to bow, bend, arch, curve”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "2",
        "2": "Further discussion"
      },
      "expansion": "Further discussion",
      "name": "col-top"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle High German kugel(e), of unknown origin. It is not clear whether Middle Dutch coghele, coeghele (modern kogel) is a cognate or rather a borrowing from High German. In the former case it would require a Proto-West Germanic *kugulā.\nPossibly related with English cudgel, from Proto-West Germanic *kuggil, a derivative of Proto-Germanic *kuggǭ (“cog, swelling”), whence German Kogge (“roundish ship”). This group has been compared to words like Lithuanian gugà (“hump”), Albanian gogël (“acorn”), and may be further derived from Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to bow, bend, arch, curve”). Other German words that may be related to this root include kauern, Keule, Koben, Kuhle, Quaddel.\nFurther discussion\nThe word appears from the Middle High German period referring to a ball used in games, e.g. skittles / bowling. A Swiss dialect form has an additional r, in Krugle, found already in Middle High German in the diminutive form krúgellin (Konrad of Würzburg, d. 1287). Another variant is contracted kūle, kaule, kulle. Low German and parts of West Central German used cognates of Klotz for the ball in skittles.\nThe sense “bullet” is probably an extension of the former use. However, it could theoretically be older than the introduction of firearms, because lead or iron spheres were already used as projectiles fired with slingshots.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "Kugel",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kugeln",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kügelchen",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kügelein",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive",
        "neuter",
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Küglein",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive",
        "neuter",
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "de-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kugel",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kugeln",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kugel",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kugeln",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kugel",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kugeln",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kugel",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kugeln",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "dim": "^chen,Kügelein􂀿both rare􂁀,Küglein"
      },
      "expansion": "Kugel f (genitive Kugel, plural Kugeln, diminutive Kügelchen n or (both rare) Kügelein n or Küglein n)",
      "name": "de-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyponyms": [
    {
      "word": "Babykugel"
    },
    {
      "word": "Bowlingkugel"
    },
    {
      "word": "Christbaumkugel"
    },
    {
      "word": "Erdkugel"
    },
    {
      "word": "Gewehrkugel"
    },
    {
      "word": "Glaskugel"
    },
    {
      "word": "Halbkugel"
    },
    {
      "word": "Kristallkugel"
    },
    {
      "word": "Mottenkugel"
    },
    {
      "word": "Schrotkugel"
    },
    {
      "word": "Weihnachtsbaumkugel"
    },
    {
      "word": "Weihnachtskugel"
    },
    {
      "word": "Weltkugel"
    },
    {
      "word": "Zielkugel"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "name": "de-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "German",
  "lang_code": "de",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "Kugelblitz"
    },
    {
      "word": "Kugelbombe"
    },
    {
      "word": "Kugelfisch"
    },
    {
      "word": "Kugelgelenk"
    },
    {
      "word": "Kugelkopf"
    },
    {
      "word": "Kugellager"
    },
    {
      "word": "Kugeloberfäche"
    },
    {
      "word": "Kugelschreiber"
    },
    {
      "word": "Kugelstoßen"
    },
    {
      "word": "Kugelumfang"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "attestations": [
        {
          "date": "13th century",
          "references": []
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a ball, usually solid"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ball",
          "ball"
        ],
        [
          "solid",
          "solid"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "attestations": [
        {
          "date": "15th century",
          "references": []
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "German terms with usage examples",
        "de:Firearms"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              4,
              9
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              4,
              10
            ]
          ],
          "english": "The bullet went right through the heart.",
          "text": "Die Kugel ging mitten ins Herz.",
          "translation": "The bullet went right through the heart.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "bullet, projectile"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "firearm",
          "firearm"
        ],
        [
          "bullet",
          "bullet"
        ],
        [
          "projectile",
          "projectile"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(firearms) bullet, projectile"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "Projektil"
        },
        {
          "word": "Geschoss"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "engineering",
        "firearms",
        "government",
        "military",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences",
        "politics",
        "tools",
        "war",
        "weaponry"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "German terms with usage examples",
        "de:Firearms"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              19,
              25
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              13,
              19
            ]
          ],
          "english": "He had three rounds left in the magazine.",
          "text": "Er hatte noch drei Kugeln im Magazin.",
          "translation": "He had three rounds left in the magazine.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "round, cartridge, bullet"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "firearm",
          "firearm"
        ],
        [
          "round",
          "round"
        ],
        [
          "cartridge",
          "cartridge"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(firearms, loosely) round, cartridge, bullet"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "Patrone"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "broadly",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "engineering",
        "firearms",
        "government",
        "military",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences",
        "politics",
        "tools",
        "war",
        "weaponry"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "scoop"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "scoop",
          "scoop"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(of ice cream) scoop"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of ice cream"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "Bällchen"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "attestations": [
        {
          "date": "16th century",
          "references": []
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "de:Astronomy",
        "de:Geography"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "orb, globe, celestial body"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "astronomy",
          "astronomy"
        ],
        [
          "geography",
          "geography"
        ],
        [
          "orb",
          "orb"
        ],
        [
          "globe",
          "globe"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(astronomy, geography) orb, globe, celestial body"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "astronomy",
        "geography",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "attestations": [
        {
          "date": "16th century",
          "references": []
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "de:Geometry"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sphere, orb"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "geometry",
          "geometry"
        ],
        [
          "sphere",
          "sphere"
        ],
        [
          "orb",
          "orb"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(geometry) sphere, orb"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "Sphäre"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "geometry",
        "mathematics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "de:Heraldic charges"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "roundel (of any tincture)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "heraldry",
          "heraldry"
        ],
        [
          "roundel",
          "roundel"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(heraldry) roundel (of any tincture)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "government",
        "heraldry",
        "hobbies",
        "lifestyle",
        "monarchy",
        "nobility",
        "politics"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkuːɡəl/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "De-Kugel.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/De-Kugel.ogg/De-Kugel.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/De-Kugel.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "Kugel"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "German entries with incorrect language header",
    "German feminine nouns",
    "German lemmas",
    "German nouns",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "de:Toys"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "Kugel",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kugeln",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "de-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kugel",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kugeln",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kugel",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kugeln",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kugel",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kugeln",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kugel",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Kugeln",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "Kugel f (genitive Kugel, plural Kugeln)",
      "name": "de-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "name": "de-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "German",
  "lang_code": "de",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "cowl",
          "word": "Kogel"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "alternative form of Kogel (“cowl”)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Kogel",
          "Kogel#German"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkuːɡəl/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "De-Kugel.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/De-Kugel.ogg/De-Kugel.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/De-Kugel.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "Kugel"
}