See Firnis in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "firnissen"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "fernës"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"firnîs",
"firnis#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"vernîʒ",
"verniz#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"vernis",
"vernis#French"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "firnîs"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German firnîs",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German firnîs, vernîʒ, from Old French vernis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Firnisses",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Firnisse",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Firnis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Firnisse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Firnisses",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Firnisse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Firnis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Firnisse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Firnissen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Firnis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Firnisse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "Firnis m (strong, genitive Firnisses, plural Firnisse)",
"name": "de-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"name": "de-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Vernissage"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Lack"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Lasur"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "de",
"name": "Art",
"orig": "de:Art",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
152,
158
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
157,
164
]
],
"english": "The lighting phenomena of modern painting are only fully effective if the painting is well-preserved, not darkened after the fact, and free of yellow-tinged varnish (\"gallery tone\").",
"ref": "1979, Wolfgang Schöne, Über das Licht in der Malerei, Berlin: Mann, →ISBN, page 109:",
"text": "Die Bildlichtphänomene der modernen Malerei kommen nur dann voll zur Geltung, wenn die Gemäde gut erhalten, nicht nachgedunkelt und frei von gilblichem Firnis sind (\"Galerieton\").",
"translation": "The lighting phenomena of modern painting are only fully effective if the painting is well-preserved, not darkened after the fact, and free of yellow-tinged varnish (\"gallery tone\").",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
42,
48
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
4,
11
]
],
"english": "The varnish, applied correctly, should already consitute that protection.",
"ref": "2002 November 19, Alfred Schmidt, “F: Ölgemälde- wie kann ich es schützen?”, in de.rec.kunst.misc (Usenet):",
"text": "Eigenlich stellt der korrekt aufgebrachte Firnis diesen Schutz bereits dar.",
"translation": "The varnish, applied correctly, should already consitute that protection.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"varnish (clear, hardening protective layer, typically from linseed oil, especially applied to paintings)"
],
"id": "en-Firnis-de-noun-JJllHfPe",
"links": [
[
"art",
"art#Noun"
],
[
"varnish",
"varnish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(especially art) varnish (clear, hardening protective layer, typically from linseed oil, especially applied to paintings)"
],
"tags": [
"especially",
"masculine",
"strong"
],
"topics": [
"art",
"arts"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
359,
365
],
[
440,
446
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
298,
308
]
],
"english": "The hotel […] was one of those provincial hotels which are constructed on the newest model of modern improvements, with the best intentions of cleanliness, comfort, and even elegance, but owing to the public that patronizes them, are with astounding rapidity transformed into filthy taverns with a pretension of modern improvement that only makes them worse than the old-fashioned, honestly filthy hotels.",
"ref": "1913 [1878], chapter 17, in Hermann Röhl, transl., Anna Karenina, translation of Анна Каренина (Anna Karenina) by Leo Tolstoy, part 5:",
"text": "Das Gasthaus […] war eines jener Provinzhotels, die ursprünglich nach dem modernen, vervollkommneten Zuschnitt mit den besten Absichten in bezug auf Reinlichkeit, Bequemlichkeit und sogar Vornehmheit eingerichtet worden sind, sich aber dann durch das Publikum, das sie besucht, außerordentlich schnell in schmutzige Herbergen, immer noch mit dem trügerischen Firnis moderner Vervollkommnungen, verwandeln und eben durch diesen trügerischen Firnis sich noch übler ausnehmen als die altmodischen Gasthäuser, die einfach schmutzig sind.",
"translation": "The hotel […] was one of those provincial hotels which are constructed on the newest model of modern improvements, with the best intentions of cleanliness, comfort, and even elegance, but owing to the public that patronizes them, are with astounding rapidity transformed into filthy taverns with a pretension of modern improvement that only makes them worse than the old-fashioned, honestly filthy hotels.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A metaphorical shallow layer meant to cover up disagreeable qualities."
],
"id": "en-Firnis-de-noun-d4CKPEiw",
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) A metaphorical shallow layer meant to cover up disagreeable qualities."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"masculine",
"strong"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɪʁnɪs/"
},
{
"audio": "De-Firnis.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/De-Firnis.ogg/De-Firnis.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/De-Firnis.ogg",
"tags": [
"Germany",
"Berlin"
]
}
],
"word": "Firnis"
}
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German masculine nouns",
"German nouns",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms derived from Old French",
"German terms inherited from Middle High German",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "firnissen"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "fernës"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"firnîs",
"firnis#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"vernîʒ",
"verniz#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"vernis",
"vernis#French"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "firnîs"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German firnîs",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German firnîs, vernîʒ, from Old French vernis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Firnisses",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Firnisse",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Firnis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Firnisse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Firnisses",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Firnisse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Firnis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Firnisse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Firnissen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Firnis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Firnisse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "Firnis m (strong, genitive Firnisses, plural Firnisse)",
"name": "de-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"name": "de-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "Vernissage"
},
{
"word": "Lack"
},
{
"word": "Lasur"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"German terms with quotations",
"de:Art"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
152,
158
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
157,
164
]
],
"english": "The lighting phenomena of modern painting are only fully effective if the painting is well-preserved, not darkened after the fact, and free of yellow-tinged varnish (\"gallery tone\").",
"ref": "1979, Wolfgang Schöne, Über das Licht in der Malerei, Berlin: Mann, →ISBN, page 109:",
"text": "Die Bildlichtphänomene der modernen Malerei kommen nur dann voll zur Geltung, wenn die Gemäde gut erhalten, nicht nachgedunkelt und frei von gilblichem Firnis sind (\"Galerieton\").",
"translation": "The lighting phenomena of modern painting are only fully effective if the painting is well-preserved, not darkened after the fact, and free of yellow-tinged varnish (\"gallery tone\").",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
42,
48
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
4,
11
]
],
"english": "The varnish, applied correctly, should already consitute that protection.",
"ref": "2002 November 19, Alfred Schmidt, “F: Ölgemälde- wie kann ich es schützen?”, in de.rec.kunst.misc (Usenet):",
"text": "Eigenlich stellt der korrekt aufgebrachte Firnis diesen Schutz bereits dar.",
"translation": "The varnish, applied correctly, should already consitute that protection.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"varnish (clear, hardening protective layer, typically from linseed oil, especially applied to paintings)"
],
"links": [
[
"art",
"art#Noun"
],
[
"varnish",
"varnish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(especially art) varnish (clear, hardening protective layer, typically from linseed oil, especially applied to paintings)"
],
"tags": [
"especially",
"masculine",
"strong"
],
"topics": [
"art",
"arts"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"German terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
359,
365
],
[
440,
446
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
298,
308
]
],
"english": "The hotel […] was one of those provincial hotels which are constructed on the newest model of modern improvements, with the best intentions of cleanliness, comfort, and even elegance, but owing to the public that patronizes them, are with astounding rapidity transformed into filthy taverns with a pretension of modern improvement that only makes them worse than the old-fashioned, honestly filthy hotels.",
"ref": "1913 [1878], chapter 17, in Hermann Röhl, transl., Anna Karenina, translation of Анна Каренина (Anna Karenina) by Leo Tolstoy, part 5:",
"text": "Das Gasthaus […] war eines jener Provinzhotels, die ursprünglich nach dem modernen, vervollkommneten Zuschnitt mit den besten Absichten in bezug auf Reinlichkeit, Bequemlichkeit und sogar Vornehmheit eingerichtet worden sind, sich aber dann durch das Publikum, das sie besucht, außerordentlich schnell in schmutzige Herbergen, immer noch mit dem trügerischen Firnis moderner Vervollkommnungen, verwandeln und eben durch diesen trügerischen Firnis sich noch übler ausnehmen als die altmodischen Gasthäuser, die einfach schmutzig sind.",
"translation": "The hotel […] was one of those provincial hotels which are constructed on the newest model of modern improvements, with the best intentions of cleanliness, comfort, and even elegance, but owing to the public that patronizes them, are with astounding rapidity transformed into filthy taverns with a pretension of modern improvement that only makes them worse than the old-fashioned, honestly filthy hotels.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A metaphorical shallow layer meant to cover up disagreeable qualities."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) A metaphorical shallow layer meant to cover up disagreeable qualities."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"masculine",
"strong"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɪʁnɪs/"
},
{
"audio": "De-Firnis.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/De-Firnis.ogg/De-Firnis.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/De-Firnis.ogg",
"tags": [
"Germany",
"Berlin"
]
}
],
"word": "Firnis"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Firnis meaning in German (6.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable German dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.