See -ling in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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{
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"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "gmh:-linc<ety:inh<goh:-ling<ety:inh<gmw-pro:*-ling>>>>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-lósder.\nProto-Germanic *-ilaz\nProto-Indo-European *-n̥kʷo-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHnos\nProto-Germanic *-īnaz\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Germanic *-gaz\n?\nProto-Germanic *-ingaz\nProto-Germanic *-ilingaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ling\nOld High German -ling\nMiddle High German -linc\nGerman -ling\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-lós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ilaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-n̥kʷo-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-iHnos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-īnaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-gaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ingaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ilingaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ling\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old High German\", \"term\" : \"-ling\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"goh\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle High German\", \"term\" : \"-linc\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmh\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"German\", \"term\" : \"-ling\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"de\" }\" data-lang=\"de\" data-title=\"-ling\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-linc"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -linc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "-ling"
},
"expansion": "Old High German -ling",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ling"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ling",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-lósder.\nProto-Germanic *-ilaz\nProto-Indo-European *-n̥kʷo-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHnos\nProto-Germanic *-īnaz\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Germanic *-gaz\n?\nProto-Germanic *-ingaz\nProto-Germanic *-ilingaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ling\nOld High German -ling\nMiddle High German -linc\nGerman -ling\nFrom Middle High German -linc, from Old High German -ling, from Proto-West Germanic *-ling.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-linges",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-lings",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-linge",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "genitive",
"4": "-linges",
"5": "or",
"6": "-lings",
"7": "plural",
"8": "-linge",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ling m (genitive -linges or -lings, plural -linge)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 22 16 16 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 28 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 31 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 28 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "schwach (“weak”) + -ling → Schwächling (“weakling”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "früh (“early”) + -ling → Frühling (“spring (that which comes early)”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns from adjectives, indicating possession of or connection with a quality or property"
],
"id": "en--ling-de-suffix-lQ1gX2m-",
"links": [
[
"quality",
"quality#English"
],
[
"property",
"property#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 22 16 16 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 28 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 28 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Haft (“imprisonment”) + -ling → Häftling (“prisoner, inmate”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Hanf (“hemp”) + -ling → Hänfling (“linnet, beanpole”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns from other nouns, indicating a noun associated with or subordinate to it"
],
"id": "en--ling-de-suffix-OEJL4mIy",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 22 16 16 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 28 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 28 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "saugen (“to suck”) + -ling → Säugling (“infant, suckling”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ankommen (“to arrive”) + -ling → Ankömmling (“arrival, arriving person”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns from verbs, indicating a noun, especially a person, prone to doing an action"
],
"id": "en--ling-de-suffix-kDj2dsYN",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[lɪŋ]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q188 (deu)-Frank C. Müller--ling.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ling.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ling.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ling.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ling.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "-ling"
}
{
"categories": [
"German entries with etymology trees",
"German entries with etymon",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German masculine suffixes",
"German noun-forming suffixes",
"German suffixes",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms derived from Old High German",
"German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"German terms inherited from Middle High German",
"German terms inherited from Old High German",
"German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
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"2": ":inh",
"3": "gmh:-linc<ety:inh<goh:-ling<ety:inh<gmw-pro:*-ling>>>>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-lósder.\nProto-Germanic *-ilaz\nProto-Indo-European *-n̥kʷo-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHnos\nProto-Germanic *-īnaz\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Germanic *-gaz\n?\nProto-Germanic *-ingaz\nProto-Germanic *-ilingaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ling\nOld High German -ling\nMiddle High German -linc\nGerman -ling\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-lós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ilaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-n̥kʷo-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-iHnos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-īnaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-gaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ingaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ilingaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ling\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old High German\", \"term\" : \"-ling\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"goh\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle High German\", \"term\" : \"-linc\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmh\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"German\", \"term\" : \"-ling\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"de\" }\" data-lang=\"de\" data-title=\"-ling\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-linc"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -linc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "-ling"
},
"expansion": "Old High German -ling",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ling"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ling",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-lósder.\nProto-Germanic *-ilaz\nProto-Indo-European *-n̥kʷo-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHnos\nProto-Germanic *-īnaz\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Germanic *-gaz\n?\nProto-Germanic *-ingaz\nProto-Germanic *-ilingaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ling\nOld High German -ling\nMiddle High German -linc\nGerman -ling\nFrom Middle High German -linc, from Old High German -ling, from Proto-West Germanic *-ling.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-linges",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-lings",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-linge",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "genitive",
"4": "-linges",
"5": "or",
"6": "-lings",
"7": "plural",
"8": "-linge",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ling m (genitive -linges or -lings, plural -linge)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "schwach (“weak”) + -ling → Schwächling (“weakling”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "früh (“early”) + -ling → Frühling (“spring (that which comes early)”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns from adjectives, indicating possession of or connection with a quality or property"
],
"links": [
[
"quality",
"quality#English"
],
[
"property",
"property#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Haft (“imprisonment”) + -ling → Häftling (“prisoner, inmate”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Hanf (“hemp”) + -ling → Hänfling (“linnet, beanpole”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns from other nouns, indicating a noun associated with or subordinate to it"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "saugen (“to suck”) + -ling → Säugling (“infant, suckling”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ankommen (“to arrive”) + -ling → Ankömmling (“arrival, arriving person”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns from verbs, indicating a noun, especially a person, prone to doing an action"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[lɪŋ]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q188 (deu)-Frank C. Müller--ling.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ling.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ling.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"word": "-ling"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ling meaning in German (7.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable German dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.