See lesen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*lesaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *lesaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-nl",
"2": "leazn"
},
"expansion": "Dutch Low Saxon leazn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pdt",
"2": "läsen"
},
"expansion": "Plautdietsch läsen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "lesen"
},
"expansion": "German lesen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "lezen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch lezen",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *lesaną.\nCognate with Dutch Low Saxon leazn, lezen; Plautdietsch läsen; German lesen; Dutch lezen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lees",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leest",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "lesen",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hebben",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nds-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lees",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lees",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leess",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leesst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leess",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leesst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lees",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "leest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lees",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "leest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "leesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "lees",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "leest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "eleest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "geleest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nds-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "5 strong verb",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "lesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lees",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lees",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liss",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lisst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leess",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leesst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "list",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lees",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "leest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "leesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "lees",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "elesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"10": "hebben",
"2": "verb",
"3": "past singular",
"4": "lees",
"5": "past participle",
"6": "leest",
"7": "or",
"8": "lesen",
"9": "auxiliary verb"
},
"expansion": "lesen (past singular lees, past participle leest or lesen, auxiliary verb hebben)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lees",
"2": "lees",
"3": "lees",
"4": "les",
"5": "lees"
},
"name": "nds-conj-wk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lees",
"10": "leest",
"11": "lesen",
"12": "(e)leest, geleest",
"2": "leess(t)",
"3": "lees(t)",
"4": "leest, leesen",
"5": "lees",
"6": "leess(t)",
"7": "lees",
"8": "lesen",
"9": "lees(e)",
"head": "lesen (weak verb)"
},
"name": "nds-conj-table"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lees",
"2": "lis",
"3": "lees",
"4": "les",
"5": "les",
"class": "5"
},
"name": "nds-conj-st"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lees",
"10": "leest",
"11": "lesen",
"12": "(e)lesen, gelesen",
"2": "liss(t)",
"3": "lis(t)",
"4": "leest, leesen",
"5": "lees",
"6": "leess(t)",
"7": "lees",
"8": "lesen",
"9": "lees",
"head": "lesen (class 5 strong verb)"
},
"name": "nds-conj-table"
}
],
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Did you read the newspapers this morning?",
"text": "Hest du de Daagbläder vunmorgen leest?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to read"
],
"id": "en-lesen-nds-de-verb-OQnC8LFq",
"links": [
[
"read",
"read"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive or intransitive) to read"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 6 3 58 4 3 10 4 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 2 71 3 2 7 2 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to gather up"
],
"id": "en-lesen-nds-de-verb-d0bOb4tS",
"links": [
[
"gather",
"gather"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, dated, transitive or intransitive) to gather up"
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"intransitive",
"rare",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Low-Prussian",
"Western"
],
"word": "lësen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Eastern",
"Low-Prussian"
],
"word": "lëse"
}
],
"word": "lesen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Low German class 5 strong verbs",
"Low German weak verbs",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*lesaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *lesaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-nl",
"2": "leazn"
},
"expansion": "Dutch Low Saxon leazn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pdt",
"2": "läsen"
},
"expansion": "Plautdietsch läsen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "lesen"
},
"expansion": "German lesen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "lezen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch lezen",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *lesaną.\nCognate with Dutch Low Saxon leazn, lezen; Plautdietsch läsen; German lesen; Dutch lezen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lees",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leest",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "lesen",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hebben",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nds-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lees",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lees",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leess",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leesst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leess",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leesst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lees",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "leest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lees",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "leest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "leesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "lees",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "leest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "eleest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "geleest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nds-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "5 strong verb",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "lesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lees",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lees",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liss",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lisst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leess",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leesst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "list",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lees",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "leest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "leesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "lees",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "elesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"10": "hebben",
"2": "verb",
"3": "past singular",
"4": "lees",
"5": "past participle",
"6": "leest",
"7": "or",
"8": "lesen",
"9": "auxiliary verb"
},
"expansion": "lesen (past singular lees, past participle leest or lesen, auxiliary verb hebben)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lees",
"2": "lees",
"3": "lees",
"4": "les",
"5": "lees"
},
"name": "nds-conj-wk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lees",
"10": "leest",
"11": "lesen",
"12": "(e)leest, geleest",
"2": "leess(t)",
"3": "lees(t)",
"4": "leest, leesen",
"5": "lees",
"6": "leess(t)",
"7": "lees",
"8": "lesen",
"9": "lees(e)",
"head": "lesen (weak verb)"
},
"name": "nds-conj-table"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lees",
"2": "lis",
"3": "lees",
"4": "les",
"5": "les",
"class": "5"
},
"name": "nds-conj-st"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lees",
"10": "leest",
"11": "lesen",
"12": "(e)lesen, gelesen",
"2": "liss(t)",
"3": "lis(t)",
"4": "leest, leesen",
"5": "lees",
"6": "leess(t)",
"7": "lees",
"8": "lesen",
"9": "lees",
"head": "lesen (class 5 strong verb)"
},
"name": "nds-conj-table"
}
],
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"German Low German intransitive verbs",
"German Low German terms with usage examples",
"German Low German transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Did you read the newspapers this morning?",
"text": "Hest du de Daagbläder vunmorgen leest?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to read"
],
"links": [
[
"read",
"read"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive or intransitive) to read"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"German Low German dated terms",
"German Low German intransitive verbs",
"German Low German terms with rare senses",
"German Low German transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to gather up"
],
"links": [
[
"gather",
"gather"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, dated, transitive or intransitive) to gather up"
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"intransitive",
"rare",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Low-Prussian",
"Western"
],
"word": "lësen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Eastern",
"Low-Prussian"
],
"word": "lëse"
}
],
"word": "lesen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for lesen meaning in German Low German (7.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable German Low German dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.