See lesen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*lesaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *lesaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-nl",
"2": "leazn"
},
"expansion": "Dutch Low Saxon leazn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pdt",
"2": "läsen"
},
"expansion": "Plautdietsch läsen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "lesen"
},
"expansion": "German lesen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "lezen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch lezen",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *lesaną.\nCognate with Dutch Low Saxon leazn, lezen; Plautdietsch läsen; German lesen; Dutch lezen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lees",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leest",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gelesen",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hebben",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lees",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lees",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leess",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leesst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leess",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leesst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lees",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "leest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lees",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "leest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "leesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "lees",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "leest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "eleest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "geleest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lees",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lees",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liss",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lisst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leess",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leesst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "list",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lees",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "leest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "leesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "lees",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "elesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "leesen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lësen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lëse",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"10": "hebben",
"2": "verb",
"3": "past singular",
"4": "lees",
"5": "past participle",
"6": "leest",
"7": "or",
"8": "gelesen",
"9": "auxiliary verb"
},
"expansion": "lesen (past singular lees, past participle leest or gelesen, auxiliary verb hebben)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Did you read the newspapers this morning?",
"text": "Hest du de Daagbläder vunmorgen leest?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to read"
],
"id": "en-lesen-nds-de-verb-OQnC8LFq",
"links": [
[
"read",
"read"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive or intransitive) to read"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 6 3 58 4 3 10 4 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 2 71 3 2 7 2 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to gather up"
],
"id": "en-lesen-nds-de-verb-d0bOb4tS",
"links": [
[
"gather",
"gather"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, dated, transitive or intransitive) to gather up"
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"intransitive",
"rare",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"word": "lesen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Low German class 5 strong verbs",
"Low German weak verbs",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*lesaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *lesaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-nl",
"2": "leazn"
},
"expansion": "Dutch Low Saxon leazn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pdt",
"2": "läsen"
},
"expansion": "Plautdietsch läsen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "lesen"
},
"expansion": "German lesen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "lezen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch lezen",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *lesaną.\nCognate with Dutch Low Saxon leazn, lezen; Plautdietsch läsen; German lesen; Dutch lezen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lees",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leest",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gelesen",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hebben",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lees",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lees",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leess",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leesst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leess",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leesst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lees",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "leest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lees",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "leest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "leesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "lees",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "leest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "eleest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "geleest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lees",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lees",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liss",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lisst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leess",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leesst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "list",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lees",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "leest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "leesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "lees",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "elesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gelesen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "leesen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lësen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lëse",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"10": "hebben",
"2": "verb",
"3": "past singular",
"4": "lees",
"5": "past participle",
"6": "leest",
"7": "or",
"8": "gelesen",
"9": "auxiliary verb"
},
"expansion": "lesen (past singular lees, past participle leest or gelesen, auxiliary verb hebben)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"German Low German intransitive verbs",
"German Low German terms with usage examples",
"German Low German transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Did you read the newspapers this morning?",
"text": "Hest du de Daagbläder vunmorgen leest?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to read"
],
"links": [
[
"read",
"read"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive or intransitive) to read"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"German Low German dated terms",
"German Low German intransitive verbs",
"German Low German terms with rare senses",
"German Low German transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to gather up"
],
"links": [
[
"gather",
"gather"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, dated, transitive or intransitive) to gather up"
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"intransitive",
"rare",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"word": "lesen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for lesen meaning in German Low German (5.6kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <div> not properly closed",
"path": [
"lesen"
],
"section": "German Low German",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "lesen",
"trace": "started on line 147, detected on line 147"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"lesen"
],
"section": "German Low German",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "lesen",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable German Low German dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (51d164f and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.