"trier" meaning in French

See trier in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /tʁi.je/ Audio: Fr-trier.ogg
Etymology: From Middle French trier, from Old French trier (“to choose, pick out or separate from others, sift, cull”), of uncertain origin. # Widely assumed to be derived from Late Latin trītāre (“to grind”), from Latin trītus, the past participle of terō, terere, with the semantic shift seemingly originating from the Latin set phrase Latin granum terere (“to beat the corn from the chaff”), which can also be found in modern French as trier le grain. The semantic shift would be proved by the Italian cognate tritare (“to grind”), which also features “to sort” as an archaic sense. The cognates Occitan triar (“to pick out, choose from among others”) and Catalan triar (“to pick, choose”), who cannot reflect trītāre (which would have yielded *tridar) must then be considered borrowings from French. # Alternatively, from a Gallo-Romance hypothetical *trīō, trīāre, which would make Occitan triar and Catalan triar inherited cognates instead of borrowings. The archaic sense of Italian tritare whould thus be due to influence of the French word. Ultimately could be an outcome of a metathetic alteration Vulgar Latin *tīrāre (“to pull”), undergoing a pretty straightforward semantical shift. In this case the word would be doublet of tirer (“to pull”). Etymology templates: {{uder|fr|frm|trier}} Middle French trier, {{uder|fr|fro|trier|t=to choose, pick out or separate from others, sift, cull}} Old French trier (“to choose, pick out or separate from others, sift, cull”), {{unc|fr|nocap=1}} uncertain, {{inh|fr|LL.|trītō|trītāre|t=to grind}} Late Latin trītāre (“to grind”), {{der|fr|la|trītus}} Latin trītus, {{m|la|tero|terō, terere}} terō, terere, {{der|fr|la|granum terere|t=to beat the corn from the chaff}} Latin granum terere (“to beat the corn from the chaff”), {{m|fr|trier le grain}} trier le grain, {{cog|it|-}} Italian, {{m|it|tritare|t=to grind}} tritare (“to grind”), {{cog|oc|triar|t=to pick out, choose from among others}} Occitan triar (“to pick out, choose from among others”), {{cog|ca|triar|t=to pick, choose}} Catalan triar (“to pick, choose”), {{cog|oc|triar}} Occitan triar, {{cog|ca|triar}} Catalan triar, {{cog|it|tritare}} Italian tritare, {{der|fr|VL.|*tīro|*tīrāre|t=to pull}} Vulgar Latin *tīrāre (“to pull”), {{doublet|fr|tirer|nocap=1|t1=to pull}} doublet of tirer (“to pull”) Head templates: {{fr-verb}} trier Inflection templates: {{fr-conj-auto}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], trier [infinitive], avoir + past participle [infinitive, multiword-construction], triant [gerund, participle, present], ayant + past participle [gerund, multiword-construction, participle, present], trié [participle, past], trie [first-person, indicative, present, singular], tries [indicative, present, second-person, singular], trie [indicative, present, singular, third-person], trions [first-person, indicative, plural, present], triez [indicative, plural, present, second-person], trient [indicative, plural, present, third-person], triais [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], triais [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], triait [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], triions [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], triiez [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], triaient [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], triai [first-person, historic, indicative, past, singular], trias [historic, indicative, past, second-person, singular], tria [historic, indicative, past, singular, third-person], triâmes [first-person, historic, indicative, past, plural], triâtes [historic, indicative, past, plural, second-person], trièrent [historic, indicative, past, plural, third-person], trierai [first-person, future, indicative, singular], trieras [future, indicative, second-person, singular], triera [future, indicative, singular, third-person], trierons [first-person, future, indicative, plural], trierez [future, indicative, plural, second-person], trieront [future, indicative, plural, third-person], trierais [conditional, first-person, singular], trierais [conditional, second-person, singular], trierait [conditional, singular, third-person], trierions [conditional, first-person, plural], trieriez [conditional, plural, second-person], trieraient [conditional, plural, third-person], present indicative of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, present], imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect], past historic of avoir + past participle [anterior, indicative, multiword-construction, past], future of avoir + past participle [future, indicative, multiword-construction, perfect], conditional of avoir + past participle [conditional, multiword-construction, perfect], trie [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], tries [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], trie [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], triions [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], triiez [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], trient [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], triasse [first-person, imperfect, singular, subjunctive], triasses [imperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], triât [imperfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], triassions [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], triassiez [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], triassent [imperfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], present subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, past, subjunctive], imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, pluperfect, subjunctive], trie [imperative, second-person, singular], trions [first-person, imperative, plural], triez [imperative, plural, second-person], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [imperative, multiword-construction, second-person, singular], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [first-person, imperative, multiword-construction, plural], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [imperative, multiword-construction, plural, second-person]
  1. to sort, to sort out
    Sense id: en-trier-fr-verb-telcimMS Categories (other): French entries with incorrect language header, French undefined derivations, French verbs with conjugation -er Disambiguation of French entries with incorrect language header: 60 40 Disambiguation of French undefined derivations: 80 20 Disambiguation of French verbs with conjugation -er: 62 38
  2. to grade; to calibrate
    Sense id: en-trier-fr-verb-1CnfCPDL
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: tri, trier sur le volet (english: to handpick, to carefully select), triage

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for trier meaning in French (12.6kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "tri"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "to handpick, to carefully select",
      "word": "trier sur le volet"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "triage"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "trier"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French trier",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "trier",
        "t": "to choose, pick out or separate from others, sift, cull"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French trier (“to choose, pick out or separate from others, sift, cull”)",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "trītō",
        "4": "trītāre",
        "t": "to grind"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin trītāre (“to grind”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "trītus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin trītus",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "tero",
        "3": "terō, terere"
      },
      "expansion": "terō, terere",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "granum terere",
        "t": "to beat the corn from the chaff"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin granum terere (“to beat the corn from the chaff”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "trier le grain"
      },
      "expansion": "trier le grain",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "tritare",
        "t": "to grind"
      },
      "expansion": "tritare (“to grind”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oc",
        "2": "triar",
        "t": "to pick out, choose from among others"
      },
      "expansion": "Occitan triar (“to pick out, choose from among others”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": "triar",
        "t": "to pick, choose"
      },
      "expansion": "Catalan triar (“to pick, choose”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oc",
        "2": "triar"
      },
      "expansion": "Occitan triar",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": "triar"
      },
      "expansion": "Catalan triar",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "tritare"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian tritare",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "*tīro",
        "4": "*tīrāre",
        "t": "to pull"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *tīrāre (“to pull”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "tirer",
        "nocap": "1",
        "t1": "to pull"
      },
      "expansion": "doublet of tirer (“to pull”)",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle French trier, from Old French trier (“to choose, pick out or separate from others, sift, cull”), of uncertain origin.\n# Widely assumed to be derived from Late Latin trītāre (“to grind”), from Latin trītus, the past participle of terō, terere, with the semantic shift seemingly originating from the Latin set phrase Latin granum terere (“to beat the corn from the chaff”), which can also be found in modern French as trier le grain. The semantic shift would be proved by the Italian cognate tritare (“to grind”), which also features “to sort” as an archaic sense. The cognates Occitan triar (“to pick out, choose from among others”) and Catalan triar (“to pick, choose”), who cannot reflect trītāre (which would have yielded *tridar) must then be considered borrowings from French.\n# Alternatively, from a Gallo-Romance hypothetical *trīō, trīāre, which would make Occitan triar and Catalan triar inherited cognates instead of borrowings. The archaic sense of Italian tritare whould thus be due to influence of the French word. Ultimately could be an outcome of a metathetic alteration Vulgar Latin *tīrāre (“to pull”), undergoing a pretty straightforward semantical shift. In this case the word would be doublet of tirer (“to pull”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fr-conj-auto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trier",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "triant",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.jɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ayant + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trié",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.je/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trie",
      "ipa": "/tʁi/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tries",
      "ipa": "/tʁi/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trie",
      "ipa": "/tʁi/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trions",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.jɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "triez",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.je/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trient",
      "ipa": "/tʁi/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "triais",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.jɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "triais",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.jɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "triait",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.jɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "triions",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.jɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "triiez",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.je/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "triaient",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.jɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "triai",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.je/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trias",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.ja/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tria",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.ja/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "triâmes",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.jam/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "triâtes",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.jat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trièrent",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.jɛʁ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trierai",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.ʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trieras",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.ʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "triera",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.ʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trierons",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.ʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trierez",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.ʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trieront",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.ʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trierais",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trierais",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trierait",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trierions",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.ʁjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trieriez",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.ʁje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trieraient",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trie",
      "ipa": "/tʁi/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tries",
      "ipa": "/tʁi/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trie",
      "ipa": "/tʁi/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "triions",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.jɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "triiez",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.je/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trient",
      "ipa": "/tʁi/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "triasse",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.jas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "triasses",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.jas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "triât",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.ja/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "triassions",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.ja.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "triassiez",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.ja.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "triassent",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.jas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trie",
      "ipa": "/tʁi/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trions",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.jɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "triez",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.je/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "trier",
      "name": "fr-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "fr-conj-auto"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "60 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "80 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French undefined derivations",
          "parents": [
            "Undefined derivations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "62 38",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Sort (out) the pile of letters.",
          "text": "Trier le tas de lettres.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to sort, to sort out"
      ],
      "id": "en-trier-fr-verb-telcimMS",
      "links": [
        [
          "sort",
          "sort"
        ],
        [
          "sort out",
          "sort out"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to grade; to calibrate"
      ],
      "id": "en-trier-fr-verb-1CnfCPDL",
      "links": [
        [
          "grade",
          "grade"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/tʁi.je/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-trier.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e3/Fr-trier.ogg/Fr-trier.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Fr-trier.ogg",
      "text": "audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "trier"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "French 2-syllable words",
    "French entries with incorrect language header",
    "French first group verbs",
    "French lemmas",
    "French terms derived from Middle French",
    "French terms derived from Old French",
    "French terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "French terms with audio links",
    "French terms with unknown etymologies",
    "French undefined derivations",
    "French verbs",
    "French verbs with conjugation -er",
    "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old French first group verbs",
    "Old French lemmas",
    "Old French verbs",
    "Old French verbs ending in -er",
    "Old French verbs with weak-a preterite"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "tri"
    },
    {
      "english": "to handpick, to carefully select",
      "word": "trier sur le volet"
    },
    {
      "word": "triage"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "trier"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French trier",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "trier",
        "t": "to choose, pick out or separate from others, sift, cull"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French trier (“to choose, pick out or separate from others, sift, cull”)",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "trītō",
        "4": "trītāre",
        "t": "to grind"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin trītāre (“to grind”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "trītus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin trītus",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "tero",
        "3": "terō, terere"
      },
      "expansion": "terō, terere",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "granum terere",
        "t": "to beat the corn from the chaff"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin granum terere (“to beat the corn from the chaff”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "trier le grain"
      },
      "expansion": "trier le grain",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "tritare",
        "t": "to grind"
      },
      "expansion": "tritare (“to grind”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oc",
        "2": "triar",
        "t": "to pick out, choose from among others"
      },
      "expansion": "Occitan triar (“to pick out, choose from among others”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": "triar",
        "t": "to pick, choose"
      },
      "expansion": "Catalan triar (“to pick, choose”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oc",
        "2": "triar"
      },
      "expansion": "Occitan triar",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": "triar"
      },
      "expansion": "Catalan triar",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "tritare"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian tritare",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "*tīro",
        "4": "*tīrāre",
        "t": "to pull"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *tīrāre (“to pull”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "tirer",
        "nocap": "1",
        "t1": "to pull"
      },
      "expansion": "doublet of tirer (“to pull”)",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle French trier, from Old French trier (“to choose, pick out or separate from others, sift, cull”), of uncertain origin.\n# Widely assumed to be derived from Late Latin trītāre (“to grind”), from Latin trītus, the past participle of terō, terere, with the semantic shift seemingly originating from the Latin set phrase Latin granum terere (“to beat the corn from the chaff”), which can also be found in modern French as trier le grain. The semantic shift would be proved by the Italian cognate tritare (“to grind”), which also features “to sort” as an archaic sense. The cognates Occitan triar (“to pick out, choose from among others”) and Catalan triar (“to pick, choose”), who cannot reflect trītāre (which would have yielded *tridar) must then be considered borrowings from French.\n# Alternatively, from a Gallo-Romance hypothetical *trīō, trīāre, which would make Occitan triar and Catalan triar inherited cognates instead of borrowings. The archaic sense of Italian tritare whould thus be due to influence of the French word. Ultimately could be an outcome of a metathetic alteration Vulgar Latin *tīrāre (“to pull”), undergoing a pretty straightforward semantical shift. In this case the word would be doublet of tirer (“to pull”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fr-conj-auto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trier",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "triant",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.jɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ayant + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trié",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.je/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trie",
      "ipa": "/tʁi/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tries",
      "ipa": "/tʁi/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trie",
      "ipa": "/tʁi/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trions",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.jɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "triez",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.je/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trient",
      "ipa": "/tʁi/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "triais",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.jɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "triais",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.jɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "triait",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.jɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "triions",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.jɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "triiez",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.je/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "triaient",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.jɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "triai",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.je/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trias",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.ja/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tria",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.ja/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "triâmes",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.jam/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "triâtes",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.jat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trièrent",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.jɛʁ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trierai",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.ʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trieras",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.ʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "triera",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.ʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trierons",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.ʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trierez",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.ʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trieront",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.ʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trierais",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trierais",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trierait",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trierions",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.ʁjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trieriez",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.ʁje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trieraient",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trie",
      "ipa": "/tʁi/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tries",
      "ipa": "/tʁi/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trie",
      "ipa": "/tʁi/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "triions",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.jɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "triiez",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.je/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trient",
      "ipa": "/tʁi/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "triasse",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.jas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "triasses",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.jas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "triât",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.ja/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "triassions",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.ja.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "triassiez",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.ja.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "triassent",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.jas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trie",
      "ipa": "/tʁi/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trions",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.jɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "triez",
      "ipa": "/tʁi.je/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "trier",
      "name": "fr-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "fr-conj-auto"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "French terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Sort (out) the pile of letters.",
          "text": "Trier le tas de lettres.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to sort, to sort out"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sort",
          "sort"
        ],
        [
          "sort out",
          "sort out"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to grade; to calibrate"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "grade",
          "grade"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/tʁi.je/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-trier.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e3/Fr-trier.ogg/Fr-trier.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Fr-trier.ogg",
      "text": "audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "trier"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.