"cousin" meaning in French

See cousin in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ku.zɛ̃/ Audio: Fr-cousin.ogg Forms: cousins [plural], cousine [feminine]
Etymology: Inherited from Middle French cousin, from Old French cosin (“collateral male relative more distant than one’s brother; form of address used by a monarch to male monarchs or nobles”) [and other forms] , from Latin cōnsōbrīnus (“maternal cousin; first cousin; relation”) (possibly through Vulgar Latin *cōsuīnus, from *cōsōbīnus), from con- (prefix denoting a bringing together of several objects) + sobrīnus (“maternal cousin; sister’s son; any nephew”) (from a noun use of Proto-Italic *swezrīnos (“of or belonging to a sister”, adjective) (with the first syllable influenced by Latin soror (“sister”)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr (“sister”), possibly from *swé (“self”) + *h₁ésh₂r̥ (“blood”) (that is, a woman of one’s own blood) or *-sōr (feminine suffix)). Etymology templates: {{PIE word|fr|swé}} PIE word *swé, {{PIE word|fr|h₁ésh₂r̥}} PIE word *h₁ésh₂r̥, {{root|fr|ine-pro|*-sōr}}, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|fr|frm|cousin|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Middle French cousin, {{inh+|fr|frm|cousin}} Inherited from Middle French cousin, {{inh|fr|fro|cosin|t=collateral male relative more distant than one’s brother; form of address used by a monarch to male monarchs or nobles}} Old French cosin (“collateral male relative more distant than one’s brother; form of address used by a monarch to male monarchs or nobles”), {{inh|fr|la|cōnsōbrīnus|t=maternal cousin; first cousin; relation}} Latin cōnsōbrīnus (“maternal cousin; first cousin; relation”), {{inh|fr|VL.|*cōsuīnus}} Vulgar Latin *cōsuīnus, {{glossary|prefix}} prefix, {{inh|fr|itc-pro|*swezrīnos|pos=adjective|t=of or belonging to a sister}} Proto-Italic *swezrīnos (“of or belonging to a sister”, adjective), {{cog|la|soror|t=sister}} Latin soror (“sister”), {{inh|fr|ine-pro|*swésōr|t=sister}} Proto-Indo-European *swésōr (“sister”), {{glossary|feminine}} feminine, {{glossary|suffix}} suffix Head templates: {{fr-noun|m|f=+}} cousin m (plural cousins, feminine cousine)
  1. cousin (male) Tags: masculine Categories (topical): Male, Male family members Derived forms: cousin germain
    Sense id: en-cousin-fr-noun-Akdiag-u Disambiguation of Male: 95 5 Disambiguation of Male family members: 81 19
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Categories (topical): Family
Etymology number: 1 Disambiguation of Family: 0 0

Noun

IPA: /ku.zɛ̃/ Audio: Fr-cousin.ogg Forms: cousins [plural]
Etymology: Inherited from Latin culicīnus (“mosquito-like”), from culex (“gnat, midge”). Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|fr|la|culicīnus||mosquito-like|g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Latin culicīnus (“mosquito-like”), {{inh+|fr|la|culicīnus|t=mosquito-like}} Inherited from Latin culicīnus (“mosquito-like”) Head templates: {{fr-noun|m}} cousin m (plural cousins)
  1. (regional, archaic) mosquito Tags: archaic, masculine, regional Categories (topical): Family members Synonyms: moustique Derived forms: cousinière (english: mosquito net)
    Sense id: en-cousin-fr-noun-0ZlJw9Qi Disambiguation of Family members: 17 83 Categories (other): Regional French, French entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of French entries with incorrect language header: 18 82
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Categories (topical): Family
Etymology number: 2 Disambiguation of Family: 0 0

Inflected forms

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "_dis": "0 0",
      "kind": "topical",
      "langcode": "fr",
      "name": "Family",
      "orig": "fr:Family",
      "parents": [
        "People",
        "Human",
        "All topics",
        "Fundamental"
      ],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tr",
            "2": "kuzen",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Turkish: kuzen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Turkish: kuzen"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "swé"
      },
      "expansion": "PIE word\n *swé",
      "name": "PIE word"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "h₁ésh₂r̥"
      },
      "expansion": "PIE word\n *h₁ésh₂r̥",
      "name": "PIE word"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-sōr"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "cousin",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French cousin",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "cousin"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Middle French cousin",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "cosin",
        "t": "collateral male relative more distant than one’s brother; form of address used by a monarch to male monarchs or nobles"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French cosin (“collateral male relative more distant than one’s brother; form of address used by a monarch to male monarchs or nobles”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "cōnsōbrīnus",
        "t": "maternal cousin; first cousin; relation"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin cōnsōbrīnus (“maternal cousin; first cousin; relation”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "*cōsuīnus"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *cōsuīnus",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "prefix",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*swezrīnos",
        "pos": "adjective",
        "t": "of or belonging to a sister"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *swezrīnos (“of or belonging to a sister”, adjective)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "soror",
        "t": "sister"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin soror (“sister”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*swésōr",
        "t": "sister"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swésōr (“sister”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "feminine"
      },
      "expansion": "feminine",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "suffix",
      "name": "glossary"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French cousin, from Old French cosin (“collateral male relative more distant than one’s brother; form of address used by a monarch to male monarchs or nobles”) [and other forms] , from Latin cōnsōbrīnus (“maternal cousin; first cousin; relation”) (possibly through Vulgar Latin *cōsuīnus, from *cōsōbīnus), from con- (prefix denoting a bringing together of several objects) + sobrīnus (“maternal cousin; sister’s son; any nephew”) (from a noun use of Proto-Italic *swezrīnos (“of or belonging to a sister”, adjective) (with the first syllable influenced by Latin soror (“sister”)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr (“sister”), possibly from *swé (“self”) + *h₁ésh₂r̥ (“blood”) (that is, a woman of one’s own blood) or *-sōr (feminine suffix)).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "cousins",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cousine",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "f": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "cousin m (plural cousins, feminine cousine)",
      "name": "fr-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "95 5",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "fr",
          "name": "Male",
          "orig": "fr:Male",
          "parents": [
            "Gender",
            "Biology",
            "Psychology",
            "Sociology",
            "Sciences",
            "Social sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Society",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "81 19",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "fr",
          "name": "Male family members",
          "orig": "fr:Male family members",
          "parents": [
            "Family members",
            "Male people",
            "Family",
            "Male",
            "People",
            "Gender",
            "Human",
            "Biology",
            "Psychology",
            "Sociology",
            "All topics",
            "Sciences",
            "Social sciences",
            "Fundamental",
            "Society"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "cousin germain"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "My cousin and his son came to see me.",
          "text": "Mon cousin et son fils sont venus me voir.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "cousin (male)"
      ],
      "id": "en-cousin-fr-noun-Akdiag-u",
      "links": [
        [
          "cousin",
          "cousin#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ku.zɛ̃/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-cousin.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6e/Fr-cousin.ogg/Fr-cousin.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Fr-cousin.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cousin"
}

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "_dis": "0 0",
      "kind": "topical",
      "langcode": "fr",
      "name": "Family",
      "orig": "fr:Family",
      "parents": [
        "People",
        "Human",
        "All topics",
        "Fundamental"
      ],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "culicīnus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "mosquito-like",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Latin culicīnus (“mosquito-like”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "culicīnus",
        "t": "mosquito-like"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Latin culicīnus (“mosquito-like”)",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin culicīnus (“mosquito-like”), from culex (“gnat, midge”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "cousins",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "cousin m (plural cousins)",
      "name": "fr-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Regional French",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 82",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 83",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "fr",
          "name": "Family members",
          "orig": "fr:Family members",
          "parents": [
            "Family",
            "People",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "english": "mosquito net",
          "word": "cousinière"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "mosquito"
      ],
      "id": "en-cousin-fr-noun-0ZlJw9Qi",
      "links": [
        [
          "regional",
          "regional#English"
        ],
        [
          "mosquito",
          "mosquito"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(regional, archaic) mosquito"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "moustique"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "masculine",
        "regional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ku.zɛ̃/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-cousin.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6e/Fr-cousin.ogg/Fr-cousin.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Fr-cousin.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cousin"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "French 2-syllable words",
    "French countable nouns",
    "French entries with incorrect language header",
    "French lemmas",
    "French masculine nouns",
    "French nouns",
    "French terms derived from Latin",
    "French terms derived from Middle French",
    "French terms derived from Old French",
    "French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "French terms derived from Proto-Italic",
    "French terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
    "French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *-sōr",
    "French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₁ésh₂r̥",
    "French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *swé",
    "French terms inherited from Latin",
    "French terms inherited from Middle French",
    "French terms inherited from Old French",
    "French terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "French terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
    "French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin",
    "French terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "fr:Family",
    "fr:Family members",
    "fr:Male",
    "fr:Male family members"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "cousin germain"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tr",
            "2": "kuzen",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Turkish: kuzen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Turkish: kuzen"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "swé"
      },
      "expansion": "PIE word\n *swé",
      "name": "PIE word"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "h₁ésh₂r̥"
      },
      "expansion": "PIE word\n *h₁ésh₂r̥",
      "name": "PIE word"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-sōr"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "cousin",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French cousin",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "cousin"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Middle French cousin",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "cosin",
        "t": "collateral male relative more distant than one’s brother; form of address used by a monarch to male monarchs or nobles"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French cosin (“collateral male relative more distant than one’s brother; form of address used by a monarch to male monarchs or nobles”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "cōnsōbrīnus",
        "t": "maternal cousin; first cousin; relation"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin cōnsōbrīnus (“maternal cousin; first cousin; relation”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "*cōsuīnus"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *cōsuīnus",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "prefix",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*swezrīnos",
        "pos": "adjective",
        "t": "of or belonging to a sister"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *swezrīnos (“of or belonging to a sister”, adjective)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "soror",
        "t": "sister"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin soror (“sister”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*swésōr",
        "t": "sister"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swésōr (“sister”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "feminine"
      },
      "expansion": "feminine",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "suffix",
      "name": "glossary"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French cousin, from Old French cosin (“collateral male relative more distant than one’s brother; form of address used by a monarch to male monarchs or nobles”) [and other forms] , from Latin cōnsōbrīnus (“maternal cousin; first cousin; relation”) (possibly through Vulgar Latin *cōsuīnus, from *cōsōbīnus), from con- (prefix denoting a bringing together of several objects) + sobrīnus (“maternal cousin; sister’s son; any nephew”) (from a noun use of Proto-Italic *swezrīnos (“of or belonging to a sister”, adjective) (with the first syllable influenced by Latin soror (“sister”)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr (“sister”), possibly from *swé (“self”) + *h₁ésh₂r̥ (“blood”) (that is, a woman of one’s own blood) or *-sōr (feminine suffix)).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "cousins",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cousine",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "f": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "cousin m (plural cousins, feminine cousine)",
      "name": "fr-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "French terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "My cousin and his son came to see me.",
          "text": "Mon cousin et son fils sont venus me voir.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "cousin (male)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cousin",
          "cousin#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ku.zɛ̃/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-cousin.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6e/Fr-cousin.ogg/Fr-cousin.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Fr-cousin.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cousin"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "French 2-syllable words",
    "French countable nouns",
    "French entries with incorrect language header",
    "French lemmas",
    "French masculine nouns",
    "French nouns",
    "French terms derived from Latin",
    "French terms inherited from Latin",
    "French terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "fr:Family",
    "fr:Family members",
    "fr:Male",
    "fr:Male family members"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "mosquito net",
      "word": "cousinière"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "culicīnus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "mosquito-like",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Latin culicīnus (“mosquito-like”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "culicīnus",
        "t": "mosquito-like"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Latin culicīnus (“mosquito-like”)",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin culicīnus (“mosquito-like”), from culex (“gnat, midge”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "cousins",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "cousin m (plural cousins)",
      "name": "fr-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "French terms with archaic senses",
        "Regional French"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "mosquito"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "regional",
          "regional#English"
        ],
        [
          "mosquito",
          "mosquito"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(regional, archaic) mosquito"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "moustique"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "masculine",
        "regional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ku.zɛ̃/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-cousin.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6e/Fr-cousin.ogg/Fr-cousin.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Fr-cousin.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cousin"
}

Download raw JSONL data for cousin meaning in French (6.9kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (bb46d54 and 0c3c9f6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.